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SIMULATION-BASED DESIGN METHOD FOR ROOM AIR CONDITIONER WITH SMALLER DIAMETER COPPER TUBES
Guoliang Ding,TAO REN,YONGXIN ZHENG,YIFENG GAO,JI SONG 대한설비공학회 2012 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.20 No.3
Promoting the use of smaller diameter tube in room air conditioner is bene¯cial to reduce copper consumption and refrigerant charge, but may cause reduction of air conditioner performance, so a design method is needed. This paper presents a simulation-based design method for air conditioner with smaller diameter tube. The new method combines heat exchanger simulator and knowledge-based evolution method optimizer for designing air conditioner heat exchanger with smaller diameter tube. The simulation-based design method is illustrated in detail by an air conditioner of replacing 7mm tube indoor unit heat exchanger and 9.52mm tube outdoor unit heat exchanger with 5mm tube. Case study shows that the cost of the designed air conditioner with 5mm copper tube is 17.3% lower than that of the original one while the performance deviation between these two air conditioners is less than 0.7%.
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( Jie Li ),( You Li ),( Shengjie Wang ),( Hui Che ),( Jun Wu ),( Yongxin Ren ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2019 BMB Reports Vol.52 No.9
Bisphosphonates are the mainstay of therapy worldwide for osteoporosis. However, bisphosphonates also have limitations. The objective of this study was to determine the role of miR-101-3p/Rap1b signal pathway in osteoclast differentiation after treatment with bisphosphonates. Our results revealed that miR-101-3p was an important regulator in bisphosphonates treated-osteoclasts. When miR-101-3p was down-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophage-like cells (BMMs), the development of mature osteoclasts was promoted, and vice versa. However, alendronate decreased multinucleated cell number regardless of whether miR-101-3p was knocked down or over-expressed. TRAP activity assay confirmed the above results. Luciferase assay indicated that miR-101-3p was a negative regulator of Rap1b. Western blot analysis revealed that protein expression level of Rap1b in BMMs transfected with OV-miR-101-3p was lower than that in BMMs transfected with an empty vector. Rap1b overexpression increased TRAP-positive multinucleated cells, while Rap1b inhibition decreased the cell numbers. In vivo data showed that miR-101-3p inhibited osteoclast differentiation in ovariectomized mice while overexpressed of Rap1b blocked the differentiation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that miR-101-3p/Rap1b signal pathway plays a key role in osteoclast differentiation after treatment with bisphosphonates. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(9): 572-576]
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