http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations
Lunt, Mark F.,Rigby, Matthew,Ganesan, Anita L.,Manning, Alistair J.,Prinn, Ronald G.,O’Doherty, Simon,Mü,hle, Jens,Harth, Christina M.,Salameh, Peter K.,Arnold, Tim,Weiss, Ray F.,Saito, Takuya,Y National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.19
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are among the atmosphere’s fastest growing, and most potent, greenhouse gases. Proposals have been made to phase down their use over the coming decades. Such initiatives may largely be informed by existing emissions inventories, which, we show, are the subject of significant uncertainty. In this work, we use atmospheric models and measurements to examine the accuracy of these inventories for five major HFCs. We show that, when aggregated together, reported emissions of these HFCs from developed countries are consistent with the atmospheric measurements, and almost half of global emissions now originate from nonreporting countries. However, the agreement between our results and the inventory breaks down for individual HFC emissions, suggesting inaccuracies in the reporting methods for individual compounds.</P><P>We infer global and regional emissions of five of the most abundant hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) using atmospheric measurements from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment and the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, networks. We find that the total CO<SUB>2</SUB>-equivalent emissions of the five HFCs from countries that are required to provide detailed, annual reports to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) increased from 198 (175–221) Tg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>-eq⋅y<SUP>–1</SUP> in 2007 to 275 (246–304) Tg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>-eq⋅y<SUP>–1</SUP> in 2012. These global warming potential-weighted aggregated emissions agree well with those reported to the UNFCCC throughout this period and indicate that the gap between reported emissions and global HFC emissions derived from atmospheric trends is almost entirely due to emissions from nonreporting countries. However, our measurement-based estimates of individual HFC species suggest that emissions, from reporting countries, of the most abundant HFC, HFC-134a, were only 79% (63–95%) of the UNFCCC inventory total, while other HFC emissions were significantly greater than the reported values. These results suggest that there are inaccuracies in the reporting methods for individual HFCs, which appear to cancel when aggregated together.</P>
Astrophysically Important 26Si States Studied with the 28Si(4He,6He)26Si Reaction
Y. K. Kwon,이춘식,J. Y. Moon,J. H. Lee,J. Y. Kim,M. K. Cheoun,S. Kubono,H. Yamaguchi,J. J. He,A. Saito,Y. Wakabayashi,H. Fujikawa,G. Amadio,N. Iwasa,K. Inafuku,L. H. Khiem,M. Tanaka,Y. Fuchi,A. A. Chen,S 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.2
The emission of a 1.809-MeV γ-ray from the first excited state of 26Mg, followed by β-decay of 26Al in its ground state (denoted as 26Alg.s.), has been identied by several gamma-ray telescopes. To resolve the controversy over the possible sources of the observational 1.809-MeV γ-rays, one needs accurate knowledge of the production rate of 26Alg.s.. The 25Al(p,γ)26Si reaction is one of the most important astrophysical reactions to be investigated, but its rate is uncertain due to the lack of level information on 26Si above the proton threshold (Qpγ = 5.518 MeV). Illiadis et al. suggested that the 25Al(p,γ)26Si reaction should be dominated by a 3+ unnatural parity state at Ex = 5970 keV. Recent studies proposed several states as candidates for the 3+ states. However, the spin-parity assignments for these states are still uncertain. In the present work, we measured the 28Si(4He,6He)26Si reaction at 120 MeV to confirm the unnatural parity states just above the proton threshold. The measurement was performed with the high-resolution particle analyzer at the Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo. We observed a total of 22 excited states in 26Si. The 7018-keV level, which was only observed by Bardayan et al. with the 28Si(p; t)26Si reaction, was confirmed in our measurement. Among the candidates of unnatural parity states at Ex = 5678, 5916, and 5945 keV, the 5918-keV state was only observed within the error of the excitation energy. A new state at Ex = 6101 keV was also identified.
Saito, Y.,Yun Heub Song,Jung Min Lee,Sutou, Y.,Koike, J. IEEE 2012 IEEE electron device letters Vol.33 No.10
<P>A phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) with multiresistance characteristics was fabricated. In this multiple PCRAM device, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and Ge1Cu2Te3 (GCT) are utilized as phase-change materials to realize high-and middle-resistance states, respectively. Since GCT has simultaneously lower melting point and higher crystallization temperature than GST, recording of multiple states was directly achieved without any additional step. It was confirmed that multiple resistances of 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) Omega were measured by a selection of current pulse during crystallization. From this work, it is expected that a device structure with GST and GCT can be one of the candidates for an effective multilevel cell operation in PCRAM.</P>
Kwon, Y. G.,Ishiguro, M.,Shinnaka, Y.,Nakaoka, T.,Kuroda, D.,Hanayama, H.,Takahashi, J.,Baar, S.,Saito, T.,Kawabata, M.,Uemura, M.,Morokuma, T.,Murata, K. L.,Takagi, S.,Morihana, K.,Nagayama, T.,Sekig Springer-Verlag 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.620 No.-
<P><I>Context.</I> Spectropolarimetry is a powerful technique for investigating the physical properties of gas and solid materials in cometary comae without mutual contamination, but only a few spectropolarimetric studies have been conducted to extract each component.</P><P><I>Aims.</I> We attempt to derive the continuum (i.e., scattered light from dust coma) polarization degree of comet 2P/Encke, free of the influence of molecular emissions. The target is unique in that its orbit is dynamically decoupled from Jupiter, like the main-belt asteroids, but it ejects gas and dust like ordinary comets.</P><P><I>Methods.</I> We observed the comet using the Hiroshima Optical and Near-Infrared Camera attached to the Cassegrain focus of the 150 cm Kanata telescope on UT 2017 February 21 when the comet was at the solar phase angle of <I>α</I> = 75°.7.</P><P><I>Results.</I> We find that the continuum polarization degree with respect to the scattering plane is <I>P</I>cont, r = 33.8 ± 2.7% at the effective wavelength of 0.82 <I>μ</I>m, which is significantly higher than those of cometary dust in a high-<I>P</I>max group at similar phase angles. Assuming that an ensemble polarimetric response of the dust of 2P/Encke as a function of phase angle is morphologically similar with those of other comets, its maximum polarization degree is estimated to <I>P</I>max ≳ 40% at <I>α</I>max ≈ 100°. In addition, we obtain the polarization degrees of the C2 swan bands (0.51-0.56 <I>μ</I>m), the NH2<I>α</I> bands (0.62-0.69 <I>μ</I>m), and the CN-red system (0.78-0.94 <I>μ</I>m) in a range of 3-19%, which depend on the molecular species and rotational quantum numbers of each branch. The polarization vector is aligned nearly perpendicularly to the scattering plane with an average of 0°.4 over a wavelength range of 0.50-0.97 <I>μ</I>m.</P><P><I>Conclusions.</I> From the observational evidence, we conjecture that the high polarization degree of 2P/Encke might be attributable to a dominance of large dust particles around the nucleus, which have remained after frequent perihelion passages near the Sun.</P>
Yanagisawa, Y.,Suetomi, Y.,Piao, R.,Yamagishi, K.,Takao, T.,Hamada, M.,Saito, K.,Ohki, K.,Yamaguchi, T.,Nagaishi, T.,Kitaguchi, H.,Ueda, H.,Shimoyama, J.,Ishii, Y.,Tomita, M.,Maeda, H. The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2018 초전도와 저온공학 Vol.20 No.2
The present article briefly overviews the plan for a new project on joint technology for HTS wires/cables and describes the development plan for the world's highest field NMR magnet, which is a major development item in the project. For full-fledged social implementation of superconducting devices, high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire is a key technology since they can be cooled by liquid nitrogen and they can generate a super-high magnetic field of >>24 T at liquid helium temperatures. However, one of the major drawbacks of the HTS wires is their availability only in short lengths of a single piece of wire. This necessitates a number of joints being installed in superconducting devices, resulting in a difficult manufacturing process and a large joint resistance. In Japan, a large-scale project has commenced, including two technical demonstration items: (i) Development of superconducting joints between HTS wires, which are used in the world's highest field 1.3 GHz (30.5 T) NMR magnet in persistent current mode; the joints performance is evaluated based on NMR spectra for proteins. (ii) Development of ultra-low resistive joints between DC superconducting feeder cables for railway systems. The project starts a new initiative of next generation super-high field NMR development as well as that of realization of better superconducting power cables.
Optical anisotropy and diamagnetic energy shifts in InP-GaP lateral quantum wells
Shin, Y.H.,Kim, Yongmin,Song, J.D.,Lee, Y.T.,Saito, H.,Nakamura, D.,Matsuda, Y.H.,Takeyama, S. Elsevier 2014 Journal of luminescence Vol.151 No.-
Linearly polarized photoluminescence (PL) measurements were made from InP-GaP lateral multiple quantum wells induced by composition modulation along the lateral direction. At B=0, two prominent emission peaks emerged, which are identified as transitions from In-rich well and Ga-rich barrier. regions. Both transitions are strongly linear polarized parallel to the [110] crystal direction. While rotating PL orientation from [110] to [1-10] direction, the well and barrier transitions show red- and blue-shifts, respectively, due to the different valence states. In high magnetic fields, the two peaks exhibit different diamagnetic energy shifts mainly because of the effective-mass difference in the In-rich and Ga-rich alternate regions along the lateral direction. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.