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Immunological aspects of patho-physiology of preeclampsia
( Tomoyuki Fujii ) 대한산부인과학회 2015 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.101 No.-
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder defined as a pregnant complication with hypertension ( ≥ 140 mm Hg systolic or 2! 90 mm !-Ig diastolic) plus proteinuria (≥ 0.3 g/24 hours) after 20 weeks of gestation. As the pathogenic pathway of preeclampsia. thc two stage model has been proposed that a poorly perfused placenta (Stage I) produces factor(s) such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase- l (sFlt- l) leading to thc clin ical manifestations of preeclampsia (Slage2). Although the initial cause of preeclampsia has nOI been clarified, many immunological disorders in preeclamptic women ha\``c been reported. We have found thc presence of intcrleukin-2 (lL-2) in decidua, altered expression of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) on trophoblasts, and elevation of serum interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor -alpha levels before the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia. We also reported that IL-2 expressed in preeclamptic decidua might reduce the angiogenic activity of trophoblasts by inducing LAK-cells from decidual lymphoq``les. which might be relevant to deranged vasculature of the placenta, a characteristic histology in preeclampsia. Besides the maternal immune disorders, recent studies have revealed the relationship between preeclampsia and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is a bioactive lipid mediator and is though t to play an important role in pregnancy. Plasma LPA is 1113inly produced by 3utotaxin (ATX), and ATX activity in plasma and the expression of ATX by trophoblasts increases during pregnancy paralleled with gestational weeks. We have found that the serum ATX antigen levels of the preeclamptic women were significantly lower than those of the normal pregnant women. Placental expression level of ATX in preeclampsia, especially in the early-onset preeclampsia, was significantly lower than that in nonml pregnancy. These findings suggest that a disturbance in placental ATX production may be linked to poor placental development and clin ical manifestation of preeclampsia.
Forestry Education Support by a Forest Research Institute : High Schools
Mariko Inoue,Yasuhiko Oishi,Tomoyuki Fujii,Hiroyuki Kobayashi 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2008 Journal of Forest Science Vol.24 No.3
Forestry education in vocational high schools is one of the fundamental keys for achieving sustainable forest management. However, support systems for forestry education have not been well developed in Japan. Forest research institutes, which have accumulated relevant information, should have sufficient ability to develop new educational programs in this field. This study examined the possibility of support systems for forestry technical education by a research institute. Educational programs for vocational high schools were developed, and the programs were examined for their practical applications through a workshop for these teachers. We set the following five requirements for the programs: They should 1) incorporate new contents related to sustainable forest management, 2) be based on forestry education textbooks, 3) meet recent demands of the schools and society, 4) allow participants to learn through actual practice and experience, and 5) utilize readily available teaching materials. With these criteria, we developed the following two educational programs: (a) Forest management program to teach advanced techniques, (b) A timber-program to teach about biomass resources. The workshop was held on July 28th, 2007 with ten teachers attending. The programs were very interesting, who gave them high average evaluation of 4.6 on a scale of 1 to 5. Only a few issues need to be resolved before classroom instruction can begin, such as making wood structure easier to understanding for some teachers, and obtaining base maps of school forests. In conclusion, forest research institutes can effectively support forestry education by providing and implementing programs based on scientific information.
Inoue, Mariko,Oishi, Yasuhiko,Fujii, Tomoyuki,Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Institute of Forest Science 2008 Journal of Forest Science Vol.24 No.3
Forestry education in vocational high schools is one of the fundamental keys for achieving sustainable forest management. However, support systems for forestry education have not been well developed in Japan. Forest research institutes, which have accumulated relevant information, should have sufficient ability to develop new educational programs in this field. This study examined the possibility of support systems for forestry technical education by a research institute. Educational programs for vocational high schools were developed, and the programs were examined for their practical applications through a workshop for these teachers. We set the following five requirements for the programs: They should 1) incorporate new contents related to sustainable forest management, 2) be based on forestry education textbooks, 3) meet recent demands of the schools and society, 4) allow participants to learn through actual practice and experience, and 5) utilize readily available teaching materials. With these criteria, we developed the following two educational programs: (a) Forest management program to teach advanced techniques, (b) A timber-program to teach about biomass resources. The workshop was held on July $28^{th}$, 2007 with ten teachers attending. The programs were very interesting, who gave them high average evaluation of 4.6 on a scale of 1 to 5. Only a few issues need to be resolved before classroom instruction can begin, such as making wood structure easier to understanding for some teachers, and obtaining base maps of school forests. In conclusion, forest research institutes can effectively support forestry education by providing and implementing programs based on scientific information.