Fluoride Anions in Self-Assembled Chiral Cage for the Enantioselective Protonation of Silyl Enol Ethers

Paladhi, Sushovan,Liu, Yidong,Kumar, B. Senthil,Jung, Min-Jung,Park, Sang Yeon,Yan, Hailong,Song, Choong Eui THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.19 No.12

<P>The potential of Song's chiral oligoethylene glycol's (oligoEGs) as catalysts was explored in the enantioselective protonation of trimethylsilyl enol ethers in combination with alkali metal fluoride (KF and CsF) and in the presence of a proton source Highly enantioselective protonatigns of various silyl enol ethers of alpha-substituted tetralohes were achieved, producing chiral alpha-substituted-Jetralones in full conversion and with up to 99% ee. The established protocol was successfully exiended to the synthesis of biologically relevant chiral alpha-substituted chromanone and thiothromarione derivatives.</P>

Asymmetric Synthesis of Trisubstituted Tetrahydrothiophenes via in Situ Generated Chiral Fluoride-Catalyzed Cascade Sulfa-Michael/Aldol Reaction of 1,4-Dithiane-2,5-diol and α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

Duan, Mengying,Liu, Yidong,Ao, Jun,Xue, Lu,Luo, Shilong,Tan, Yu,Qin, Wenling,Song, Choong Eui,Yan, Hailong American Chemical Society 2017 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.19 No.9

<P>A chiral, fluoride-catalyzed asymmetric cascade sulfaMichael/aldol condensation reaction of 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol and a series of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones is described to access chiral trisubstituted tetrahydrothiophene derivatives. The target products, including the spiro tetrahydrothiophene derivatives bearing a five-, six-, and seven-membered ring, were highly functionalized and showed high ee value. This established protocol realized a highly enantioselective reaction with a catalytic amount of KF and Song's chiral oligoEG via in situ generated chiral fluoride to construct useful heterocyclic skeletons with great complexity.</P>

Enantioselective Synthesis of <i>anti</i>–<i>syn</i>-Trihalides and <i>anti</i>–<i>syn</i>–<i>anti</i>-Tetrahalides via Asymmetric β-Elimination

Tan, Yu,Luo, Shilong,Li, Dongmei,Zhang, Nan,Jia, Shiqi,Liu, Yidong,Qin, Wenling,Song, Choong Eui,Yan, Hailong American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.18

<P>Structural motifs containing contiguous halide bearing stereocenters are common in natural products as well as bioactive molecules. A few successful examples have been reported in the area of asymmetric vicinal dihalogenation of alkenes for accessing dihalogenated products; in this report, an alternative generation method of contiguous halide-bearing stereocenters alpha,beta,gamma,delta relative to carbonyl group in excellent enantioselectivity is proposed by utilizing a Song's oligoEG catalyst-catalyzed asymmetric beta-elimination. According to this methodology, a wide range of anti-syn-trihalides and anti-syn-anti-tetrahalides with high levels of enantioselectivity were synthesized. The synthetic utility of the contiguous halide-bearing stereocenters was demonstrated by several transformations. The results of high-resolution mass spectrometry indicated that the favorable interaction between catalyst and one of the enantiomers of racemic contiguously multihalogenated ketone contributed to the original enantioselectivity of dehydrohalogenation. A deuterium kinetic isotope effect experiment revealed that this beta-elimination reaction proceeds by the E2 mechanism. This strategy opens a new pathway for the asymmetric synthesis of contiguous halide bearing stereocenters of great complexity.</P>

橋樑修建與士人參與

劉秋根(Liu Qiu-gen),宋燕鵬(Song Yan-peng) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2009 아시아연구 Vol.- No.5

南宋時에 地方士人들은 적극적으로 대형교량의 건설과 重修활동에 참여하였다. 이들은 직접적으로 資金을 내어 參與하든지 아니면 社會에 影響力을 발휘하는 방식으로 參與하기도 하였다. 南宋時期다수의 士人들은 公益事業의 主體로써 참여하였는데, 政府施政能力의 萎縮이 士人로 하여금 地方의 橋樑건설과 重修활동에 참여할 수 있는 空間을 제공하였다. “富”에 대한 社會的觀念의 비평은 士人들의 橋樑건설과 重修참여에 輿論의 支持를 제공하였고, 佛教徒또한 士人이 橋樑건설과 重修활동에 참여하는 것을 모범으로 간주하였다. 士人이 橋樑修建에 참여함으로써 士人이 地方事務에 평소 관심을 가지고 있음을 보여주었다. 士人은 橋樑修建等의 活動에 참여함으로써 지방 輿論으로부터 好評을 받았을 뿐만 아니라, 社會事務에 대한 某種의 解釋과 支配權도 갖게 되었다. 이것은 새로운 基層社會勢力成長의 標誌라 할 수 있겠다. During the Southern Song Dynasty,Intellectual started to actively participate in large-scale bridge construction activities,and to participate in two ways of capital and social impact to exert their influence. The growing in strength of Intellectual groups provided the main of undertaking public welfare. The shrinking of government's administrative capability provided the space for Intellectual to participate in bridge construction activities. Social concepts of "the rich" were criticized provided public opinion support for Intellectual participating in bridge construction. Buddhists Set an example for Intellectual to participate in the activities of a bridge construction. Intellectual involved in the construction of the bridge reflects the Intellectual 's concern for local affairs. Through participation in activities such as bridge construction Intellectual received favorable public opinion, but also accessed to a certain extent of the interpretation of Social Affairs dominance. This had become a sign of new growth of grass-roots social forces.

Noncontrast Computed Tomography-Based Radiomics Analysis in Discriminating Early Hematoma Expansion after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Song Zuhua,Guo Dajing,Tang Zhuoyue,Liu Huan,Li Xin,Luo Sha,Yao Xueying,Song Wenlong,Song Junjie,Zhou Zhiming 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.3

Objective: To determine whether noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) models based on multivariable, radiomics features, and machine learning (ML) algorithms could further improve the discrimination of early hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 261 patients with sICH who underwent initialNCCT within 6 hours of ictus and follow-up CT within 24 hours after initial NCCT, between April 2011 and March 2019. The clinical characteristics, imaging signs and radiomics features extracted from the initial NCCT images were used to construct models to discriminate early HE. A clinical-radiologic model was constructed using a multivariate logistic regression (LR) analysis. Radiomics models, a radiomics-radiologic model, and a combined model were constructed in the training cohort (n = 182) and independently verified in the validation cohort (n = 79). Receiver operating characteristic analysis and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the discriminative power. Results: The AUC of the clinical-radiologic model for discriminating early HE was 0.766. The AUCs of the radiomics model for discriminating early HE built using the LR algorithm in the training and validation cohorts were 0.926 and 0.850, respectively. The AUCs of the radiomics-radiologic model in the training and validation cohorts were 0.946 and 0.867, respectively. The AUCs of the combined model in the training and validation cohorts were 0.960 and 0.867, respectively. Conclusion: NCCT models based on multivariable, radiomics features and ML algorithm could improve the discrimination of early HE. The combined model was the best recommended model to identify sICH patients at risk of early HE.

Substitution of Wheat for Corn in Beef Cattle Diets: Digestibility, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Serum Metabolite Contents and Ruminal Fermentation

Liu, Y.F.,Zhao, H.B.,Liu, X.M.,You, W.,Cheng, H.J.,Wan, F.C.,Liu, G.F.,Tan, X.W.,Song, E.L.,Zhang, X.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.10

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different amounts of wheat, as a partial or whole substitute for corn, on digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, serum metabolite contents and ruminal fermentation in beef cattle. Four Limousin${\times}$LuXi crossbred cattle with a body weight ($400{\pm}10kg$), fitted with permanent ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal cannulas, were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with four treatments: Control (100% corn), 33% wheat (33% substitution for corn), 67% wheat (67% substitution for corn), and 100% wheat (100% substitution for corn) on a dry matter basis. The results showed that replacing corn with increasing amounts of wheat increased the apparent digestibility values of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (p<0.05). While the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were lower with increasing amounts of wheat. Digestive enzyme activities of lipase, protease and amylase in the duodenum were higher with increasing wheat amounts (p<0.05), and showed similar results to those for the enzymes in the ileum except for amylase. Increased substitution of wheat for corn increased the serum alanine aminotransferase concentration (p<0.05). Ruminal pH was not different between those given only corn and those given 33% wheat. Increasing the substitution of wheat for corn increased the molar proportion of acetate and tended to increase the acetate-to-propionate ratio. Cattle fed 100% wheat tended to have the lowest ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentration compared with control (p<0.05), whereas no differences were observed among the cattle fed 33% and 67% wheat. These findings indicate that wheat can be effectively used to replace corn in moderate amounts to meet the energy and fiber requirements of beef cattle.

Top-k Algorithm for User Preferences based on Selection Strategy

Song Jin-ling,Liu Guo-hua,Liu Hai-bin,Huang Li-ming,Wu Yun-long 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.3

In order to deal with multiple user preferences and improve query efficiency, selection strategy is adopted for top-k query to depress the compare operations. Firstly, the kth order statistics are selected randomly along with partitioning the data set basing on it, and the top-k result set can be received after several recursive partitions. Secondly, to select the kth order statistics accurately, the approximate kth order statistics is choose as threshold according to the similarity of user preference and system preference, and the top-k query result set can be accessed through simple comparison. Finally, the time complexities of presented algorithms are analyzed and their correctness and completeness are proved respectively. The experimental results show that our algorithms improve the efficiency of top-k query greatly.

Research on the Relationship Between Serum Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Song, Xiao-Yun,Zhou, Shi-Jie,Xiao, Ning,Li, Yun-Song,Zhen, De-Zhi,Su, Chong-Yu,Liu, Zhi-Dong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF in serum of patients with non- small cell lung cancer, for assessing their possible diagnostic and prognostic roles. Methods: We enrolled 48 patients newly diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and 40 healthy controls. TNF- ${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured in the serum of all the subjects with specific radioimmunoassay kits, while EGF was analyzed by sandwich enzyme immunoassay techniques. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between lung cancer patients and the control group regarding the values of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF in serum. Moreover, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-8 and VEGF levels were higher in patients with advanced stages compared to early stages. In addition, higher serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF were found in smokers than in non-smokers, both in patients and controls. Conclusion: Serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF were all elevated in lung cancer patients, suggesting that inflammatory cytokines could be jointly used as a screening tool. Though TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-8 and VEGF levels were related to advanced disease, long-term survival studies of NSCLC patients should be performed to confirm whether they can act as biomarkers of advanced disease. In addition, smoking would be an important contributor to the processes of inflammation and lung cancer.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of NLRP12 Gene and Association with Non-specific Digestive Disorder in Rabbit

Liu, Yun-Fu,Zhang, Gong-Wei,Xiao, Zheng-Long,Yang, Yu,Deng, Xiao-Song,Chen, Shi-Yi,Wang, Jie,Lai, Song-Jia Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.8

The NLRP12 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 12) serves as a suppressor factor in the inflammatory response and protects the host against inflammation-induced damage. In the present study, we aimed to study the polymorphisms of NLRP12 gene and its association with susceptibility to non-specific digestive disorder (NSDD) in rabbits. We re-sequenced the entire coding region of the rabbit NLRP12 gene and detected a total of 19 SNPs containing 14 synonymous and five non-synonymous variations. Among them, the coding SNP (c.1682A>G), which would carry a potential functional implication, was subsequently subjected to genotyping for case-control association study (272 cases and 267 controls). The results revealed that allele A was significantly protective against NSDD with an odds ratio value of 0.884 (95% confidence interval, 0.788 to 0.993; p = 0.038). We also experimentally induced NSDD in growing rabbits by feeding a fibre-deficient diet and subsequently investigated NLRP12 mRNA expression. The mRNA expression of NLRP12 in healthy status was significantly higher than that in severe NSDD (p = 0.0016). The highest expression was observed in individuals carrying the protective genotype AA (p = 0.0108). These results suggested that NLRP12 was significantly associated with the NSDD in rabbits. However, the precise molecular mechanism of NLRP12 involving in the development of rabbit NSDD requires further research.

Maximum power extraction for wind turbines through a novel yaw control solution using predicted wind directions

Song, Dongran,Yang, Jian,Fan, Xinyu,Liu, Yao,Liu, Anfeng,Chen, Guo,Joo, Young Hoon Elsevier 2018 Energy conversion and management Vol.157 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>For modern horizontal axis wind turbines (WTs), a yaw drive mechanism is utilized to adjust the nacelle position to face the wind direction. Depending on historical signals from wind direction sensors, conventional yaw control methods could not provide sufficient performance in tracking winds, and thus result in a reduction of wind power extraction. This issue needs to be tackled using advanced control solutions. Taking advantage of predicted wind directions, a novel control solution is proposed in this study. Specifically, the proposed solution refers to a novel control structure that consists of a wind direction predictive model and a novel yaw control method. Under the proposed control structure, a hybrid autoregressive integrated moving average method-based Kalman filter (ARIMA-KF) model is used to predict the wind direction, and two novel yaw control methods are proposed: one created by using the predicted wind direction as the tracking reference, and the other based on a model predictive control (MPC) using a finite control set. To demonstrate the feasibility and the superiority of the proposed solution, two novel yaw controllers are developed and tested through some simulation tests using industrial data. Their performance is compared to the one of two industrial yaw controllers. Comparison results show that the two novel yaw controllers are capable of reducing yaw error, and thus increase wind power extraction for the WTs. Meanwhile, it is noticeable that the MPC-based controller has an advantage in the aspect of reducing yaw actuator usage.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel yaw control solution using predicted wind direction is proposed. </LI> <LI> An ARIMA-KF based model is used to predict the wind direction. </LI> <LI> One novel yaw control method uses the predicted wind direction as the tracking reference. </LI> <LI> The other one is based on a model predictive control using a finite control set. </LI> <LI> The novel yaw control solution extracts 1% more wind power. </LI> </UL> </P>