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Thomson, Robert,Yuki, Masaki,Talhelm, Thomas,Schug, Joanna,Kito, Mie,Ayanian, Arin H.,Becker, Julia C.,Becker, Maja,Chiu, Chi-yue,Choi, Hoon-Seok,Ferreira, Carolina M.,Fü,lö,p, Marta,Gul, Peli National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.29
<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Biologists and social scientists have long tried to understand why some societies have more fluid and open interpersonal relationships—differences in relational mobility—and how those differences influence individual behaviors. We measure relational mobility in 39 societies and find that relationships are more stable and hard to form in east Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East, while they are more fluid in the West and Latin America. Results show that relationally mobile cultures tend to have higher interpersonal trust and intimacy. Exploring potential causes, we find greater environmental threats (like disease and warfare) and sedentary farming are associated with lower relational mobility. Our society-level index of relational mobility for 39 societies is a resource for future studies.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Biologists and social scientists have long tried to understand why some societies have more fluid and open interpersonal relationships and how those differences influence culture. This study measures relational mobility, a socioecological variable quantifying voluntary (high relational mobility) vs. fixed (low relational mobility) interpersonal relationships. We measure relational mobility in 39 societies and test whether it predicts social behavior. People in societies with higher relational mobility report more proactive interpersonal behaviors (e.g., self-disclosure and social support) and psychological tendencies that help them build and retain relationships (e.g., general trust, intimacy, self-esteem). Finally, we explore ecological factors that could explain relational mobility differences across societies. Relational mobility was lower in societies that practiced settled, interdependent subsistence styles, such as rice farming, and in societies that had stronger ecological and historical threats.</P></▼2>
A SELF-ROUTING NON-BUFFERING ATM SWITCH
Chung,Timothy Kai Cheung,Chan,Cheong Fat,Li,Shuo Yen Robert,Choy,Chiu Sing 대한전자공학회 1995 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.4 No.1
In this paper, a new self-routing non-buffering ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) switching element pair developed for a large broadband ATM switching system is described. The design is partitioned into two modules, A & B, for easy implementation. Both modules are designed with standard cell 1 pm CMOS technology. Module A has been completed and module B is being, finished. Module A consists of about 120, 000 transistors and occupies a die area of 7×7㎟. With this two modules, any size of ATM switch can be built by cascading the module together.
UV-induced JNK Activity Does Not Correlate with UV-induced Cell Death in Human Oral Keratinocytes
Zhou, Heng,Le, David,Huynh, Tri,Park, No-Hee,Chiu, Robert Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 2000 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.25 No.2
UV-C irradiation has been known to be a strong inducer of C-Jun N-terminal protein kinase〔JNK〕activity and cell death. UV-inducced cell death may be mediated by initial elevation of UV-induced JNK activity. The sensitivity of UV-induced cell death may also be different between normal and cancer cells as suggested previously. To test these hypotheses, we compare the difference of JNK< ERK activity and cell apoptosis between NHOKs and oral cancer cells, including HOK-16B, HOK-16B-Bap-T, SCC4, SCC9, Cal27, Cal33 and Hep-2. The cells were treated with UV-C〔30j/㎡〕and incubated for different time points for determination of kinase activity and cell apoptosis. UV-induced JNK activity reached its peak at one or two hours, while apoptosis was apparent within four hours. JNK activity was reduced to basal level when all the cells underwent apoptosis within twenty-fours hours, suggesting that JNK might be an initial triggering signal for keratinocyte apoptosis. However, by comparing both JNK and ERK activities at a one-hour interval where JNK reached its peak in most cells, we found that there was no direct relationship between JNK or ERK activity with the degree of UV-C-induced apoptosis in oral keratinocytes. These data clearly demonstrated that UV-induced cell apoptosis is more complex than mediated by elevation of JNK that has been correlated with the mount of DNA damage induced by UV-C irradiation.