OpCloudSec: Open cloud software defined wireless network security for the Internet of Things

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Singh, Saurabh,Park, Jong Hyuk Elsevier 2018 Journal of Computer Communications Vol.122 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cutting-edge cloud frameworks will require a paradigm shift in regards to how they are built and managed. Traditional management and control platforms face significant challenges in terms of security, reliability, and flexibility that these cutting-edge frameworks must deal with. On the other hand, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have become a weapon of choice for cyber-terrorists, cyber-extortionists, and hackers. Recently, the simplicity of programmability in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) makes it a good platform for the implementation of various initiatives that includes decentralized network management, dynamic topology changes, and application deployment in a multi-tenant data center environment. Motivated by the capabilities of SDN, we are proposing a mitigation architecture for security attacks that incorporates a highly programmable monitoring network so as to make it possible to identify attacks. It has a flexible control structure to quickly define the reaction of attacks and particular side, and we show how SDN can be used as a key application in the cloud IoT. We evaluated the performance of our proposed architecture and compared it with the existing models to obtain various performance measures. The results of our evaluation show that our OpCloudSec architecture model can efficiently and effectively meet the security challenges created by the new network paradigm.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We present the integration of SDN and cloud computing, which are applied into the IoT environment for efficient and better security management. </LI> <LI> We propose a mitigation architecture for security attacks that incorporates a highly programmable monitoring network to empower the identification of attacks. </LI> <LI> It has a flexible control structure to quickly define the reaction of attacks and particular side and show how SDN can be used as a key application in the cloud IoT. </LI> <LI> We performed a simulation study using real network traces. The outcomes showed that when it comes to dealing with new challenges, our OpCloudSec proposal is successful. </LI> <LI> The detection algorithm is quick enough for performing deduction line packages and accomplishes a high identification rate. </LI> </UL> </P>

Block-VN: A Distributed Blockchain Based Vehicular Network Architecture in Smart City

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Moon, Seo Yeon,Park, Jong Hyuk Korea Information Processing Society 2017 Journal of information processing systems Vol.13 No.1

In recent decades, the ad hoc network for vehicles has been a core network technology to provide comfort and security to drivers in vehicle environments. However, emerging applications and services require major changes in underlying network models and computing that require new road network planning. Meanwhile, blockchain widely known as one of the disruptive technologies has emerged in recent years, is experiencing rapid development and has the potential to revolutionize intelligent transport systems. Blockchain can be used to build an intelligent, secure, distributed and autonomous transport system. It allows better utilization of the infrastructure and resources of intelligent transport systems, particularly effective for crowdsourcing technology. In this paper, we proposes a vehicle network architecture based on blockchain in the smart city (Block-VN). Block-VN is a reliable and secure architecture that operates in a distributed way to build the new distributed transport management system. We are considering a new network system of vehicles, Block-VN, above them. In addition, we examine how the network of vehicles evolves with paradigms focused on networking and vehicular information. Finally, we discuss service scenarios and design principles for Block-VN.

Blockchain based hybrid network architecture for the smart city

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Park, Jong Hyuk North-Holland 2018 Future generations computer systems Vol.86 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recently, the concept of “Smart Cities” has developed considerably with the rise and development of the Internet of Things as new form of sustainable development. Smart cities are based on autonomous and distributed infrastructure that includes intelligent information processing and control systems heterogeneous network infrastructure, and ubiquitous sensing involving millions of information sources Due to the continued growth of data volume and number of connected IoT devices, however, issues such as high latency, bandwidth bottlenecks, security and privacy, and scalability arise in the current smart city network architecture. Designing an efficient, secure, and scalable distributed architecture by bringing computational and storage resources closer to endpoints is needed to address the limitations of today’s smart city network. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid network architecture for the smart city by leveraging the strength of emerging Software Defined Networking and blockchain technologies. To achieve efficiency and address the current limitations, our architecture is divided into two parts: core network and edge network. Through the design of a hybrid architecture, our proposed architecture inherits the strength of both centralized and distributed network architectures. We also propose a Proof-of-Work scheme in our model to ensure security and privacy. To evaluate the feasibility and performance of our proposed model, we simulate our model and evaluate it based on various performance metrics. The result of the evaluation shows the effectiveness of our proposed model.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We discuss the architectural challenges in the smart city network. </LI> <LI> We propose a novel hybrid architecture for the smart city network using SDN and blockchain techniques. </LI> <LI> We introduce the PoW scheme for a securely distributed smart city network. </LI> </UL> </P>

SoftEdgeNet: SDN Based Energy-Efficient Distributed Network Architecture for Edge Computing

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Rathore, Shailendra,Jeong, Young-Sik,Park, Jong Hyuk IEEE 2018 IEEE communications magazine Vol.56 No.12

<P>The volume of data traffic has increased exponentially due to the explosive growth of IoT devices and the arrival of many new IoT applications. Due to the large volume of data generated from IoT devices, limited bandwidth, high latency, and realtime analysis requirements, the conventional centralized network architecture cannot meet users requirements. Intensive real-time data analysis is one of the major challenges in current state-ofthe- art centralized architectures due to the ubiquitous deployment of different types of sensors. To address the current challenges and adhere to the principles of architectural design, we are proposing a SoftEdgeNet model, which is a novel SDN-based distributed layered network architecture with a blockchain technique for a sustainable edge computing network. At the fog layer, we introduce an SDN-based secure fog node architecture to mitigate security attacks and provide real-time analytics services. We are also proposing a flow rule partition, and allocation algorithm at the edge of the network. The evaluation result shows our proposed model allows for a significant improvement of the interactions in real time data transmission. In terms of the ability to mitigate flooding attacks, the bandwidth is maintained above 9 Mb/s until the attack rates exceed 2000 PPS in the hardware environment and the bandwidth remained almost unchanged in the software environment. In the case of scalability of the proposed model, our proposed algorithm has performed better and proceeded linearly with the increase in traffic volume.</P>

DistBlockNet: A Distributed Blockchains-Based Secure SDN Architecture for IoT Networks

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Singh, Saurabh,Jeong, Young-Sik,Park, Jong Hyuk Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE communications magazine Vol.55 No.9

<P>The rapid increase in the number and diversity of smart devices connected to the Internet has raised the issues of flexibility, efficiency, availability, security, and scalability within the current IoT network. These issues are caused by key mechanisms being distributed to the IoT network on a large scale, which is why a distributed secure SDN architecture for IoT using the blockchain technique (DistBlockNet) is proposed in this research. It follows the principles required for designing a secure, scalable, and efficient network architecture. The DistBlockNet model of IoT architecture combines the advantages of two emerging technologies: SDN and blockchains technology. In a verifiable manner, blockchains allow us to have a distributed peer-to-peer network where non-confident members can interact with each other without a trusted intermediary. A new scheme for updating a flow rule table using a blockchains technique is proposed to securely verify a version of the flow rule table, validate the flow rule table, and download the latest flow rules table for the IoT forwarding devices. In our proposed architecture, security must automatically adapt to the threat landscape, without administrator needs to review and apply thousands of recommendations and opinions manually. We have evaluated the performance of our proposed model architecture and compared it to the existing model with respect to various metrics. The results of our evaluation show that DistBlockNet is capable of detecting attacks in the IoT network in real time with low performance overheads and satisfying the design principles required for the future IoT network.</P>

A Study on Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks

( Pradip Kumar Sharma ),( Seo Yeon Moon ),( Jong Hyuk Park ) 한국정보처리학회 2016 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.23 No.2

Wireless sensor networks offer an attractive solution to several environments, security, and process monitoring problems. However, one barrier for their full adoption is the need to provide electrical power over extended periods of time without the need of dedicated wiring. Energy harvesting offers good solutions to this problem in several applications. This paper surveys the energy requirements of typical sensor network nodes and summarizes the future research work in the field of energy harvesting resource allocation in wireless sensor networks.

EH-HL: Effective Communication Model by Integrated EH-WSN and Hybrid LiFi/WiFi for IoT

Sharma, Pradip Kumar,Jeong, Young-Sik,Park, Jong Hyuk IEEE 2018 IEEE Internet of things journal Vol.5 No.3

<P>Technological advances over the last decade in the field of wireless communications have resulted in the improvement of small and low cost sensor nodes outfitted with wireless communication abilities capable of establishing wireless sensor network (WSN). Due to the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT), there are many areas in IoT application where WSN applications are found. These applications generally impose severe constraints on the lifetime of the WSN, which is expected to last several years. It is necessary to diminish the overall energy consumption of the sensor node and to find an additional source of energy for achieving this objective. On the other hand, due to the imminent crisis of the radio frequency spectrum, light fidelity (LiFi) offers many key benefits and effective solutions for these issues that have been postured in the most recent decade. In this paper, we propose a novel EH-HL model for future smart homes and industries based on the integration of energy harvesting WSN (EH-WSN) and hybrid LiFi/WiFi communication techniques. The proposed model is capable of efficiently transmitting data at high speed for bidirectional multidevice and by harvesting energy, we provide the power to the sensor nodes. To synchronize multidevice transmissions, transmit data and provide low-cost wireless communication, we used the color beams of the red, green, and blue LEDs. The result of the evaluation shows that the hybrid communication scheme is proposed in the EH-HL model. It also offers superior performance and achieves a data rate of 25 Mb/s for multiaccess/multiusers.</P>

Block-VN: A Distributed Blockchain Based Vehicular Network Architecture in Smart City

( Pradip Kumar Sharma ),( Seo Yeon Moon ),( Jong Hyuk Park ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 Journal of information processing systems Vol.13 No.1

In recent decades, the ad hoc network for vehicles has been a core network technology to provide comfort and security to drivers in vehicle environments. However, emerging applications and services require major changes in underlying network models and computing that require new road network planning. Meanwhile, blockchain widely known as one of the disruptive technologies has emerged in recent years, is experiencing rapid development and has the potential to revolutionize intelligent transport systems. Blockchain can be used to build an intelligent, secure, distributed and autonomous transport system. It allows better utilization of the infrastructure and resources of intelligent transport systems, particularly effective for crowdsourcing technology. In this paper, we proposes a vehicle network architecture based on blockchain in the smart city (Block-VN). Block-VN is a reliable and secure architecture that operates in a distributed way to build the new distributed transport management system. We are considering a new network system of vehicles, Block-VN, above them. In addition, we examine how the network of vehicles evolves with paradigms focused on networking and vehicular information. Finally, we discuss service scenarios and design principles for Block-VN.

CCTV-Based Multi-Factor Authentication System

권병욱,Pradip Kumar Sharma,박종혁 한국정보처리학회 2019 Journal of information processing systems Vol.15 No.4

Many security systems rely solely on solutions based on Artificial Intelligence, which are weak in nature. Thesesecurity solutions can be easily manipulated by malicious users who can gain unlawful access. Some securitysystems suggest using fingerprint-based solutions, but they can be easily deceived by copying fingerprints withclay. Image-based security is undoubtedly easy to manipulate, but it is also a solution that does not require anyspecial training on the part of the user. In this paper, we propose a multi-factor security framework that operatesin a three-step process to authenticate the user. The motivation of the research lies in utilizing commonlyavailable and inexpensive devices such as onsite CCTV cameras and smartphone camera and providing fullysecure user authentication. We have used technologies such as Argon2 for hashing image features and physicallyunclonable identification for secure device-server communication. We also discuss the methodological workflowof the proposed multi-factor authentication framework. In addition, we present the service scenario of theproposed model. Finally, we analyze qualitatively the proposed model and compare it with state-of-the-artmethods to evaluate the usability of the model in real-world applications.

Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Smart City Network Security: Issues, Challenges, and Countermeasures

조정훈,Pradip Kumar Sharma,Jose Costa Sapalo Sicato,박종혁 한국정보처리학회 2019 Journal of information processing systems Vol.15 No.4

The smart city is one of the most promising, prominent, and challenging applications of the Internet of Things(IoT). Smart cities rely on everything connected to each other. This in turn depends heavily on technology. Technology literacy is essential to transform a city into a smart, connected, sustainable, and resilient city whereinformation is not only available but can also be found. The smart city vision combines emerging technologiessuch as edge computing, blockchain, artificial intelligence, etc. to create a sustainable ecosystem by dramaticallyreducing latency, bandwidth usage, and power consumption of smart devices running various applications. Inthis research, we present a comprehensive survey of emerging technologies for a sustainable smart city network. We discuss the requirements and challenges for a sustainable network and the role of heterogeneous integratedtechnologies in providing smart city solutions. We also discuss different network architectures from a securityperspective to create an ecosystem. Finally, we discuss the open issues and challenges of the smart city networkand provide suitable recommendations to resolve them.