한국어판 St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire의 타당도와 신뢰도 검정 -예비조사 결과-

김영삼,이준구,고원기,양동규,김세규,장준,김성규,이원영,( Paul W. Jones ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1999 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.89 No.0

3D SIMULATIONS OF RADIO GALAXY EVOLUTION IN CLUSTER MEDIA

O'NEILL SEAN M.,SHEARER PAUL,TREGILLIS IAN L.,JONES THOMAS W.,RYU DONGSU The Korean Astronomical Society 2004 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.37 No.5

We present a set of high-resolution 3D MHD simulations exploring the evolution of light, supersonic jets in cluster environments. We model sets of high- and low-Mach jets entering both uniform surroundings and King-type atmospheres and propagating distances more than 100 times the initial jet radius. Through complimentary analyses of synthetic observations and energy flow, we explore the detailed interactions between these jets and their environments. We find that jet cocoon morphology is strongly influenced by the structure of the ambient medium. Jets moving into uniform atmospheres have more pronounced backflow than their non-uniform counterparts, and this difference is clearly reflected by morphological differences in the synthetic observations. Additionally, synthetic observations illustrate differences in the appearances of terminal hotspots and the x-ray and radio correlations between the high- and low-Mach runs. Exploration of energy flow in these systems illustrates the general conversion of kinetic to thermal and magnetic energy in all of our simulations. Specifically, we examine conversion of energy type and the spatial transport of energy to the ambient medium. Determination of the evolution of the energy distribution in these objects will enhance our understanding of the role of AGN feedback in cluster environments.

Non‐thermal radiation from Type Ia supernova remnants

Edmon, Paul P.,Kang, Hyesung,Jones, T. W.,Ma, Renyi Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.414 No.4

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>We present calculations of expected continuum emissions from Sedov–Taylor phase Type Ia supernova remnants (SNRs), using the energy spectra of cosmic ray (CR) electrons and protons from non‐linear diffusive shock acceleration simulations. A new, general‐purpose radiative process code, <SMALL>cosmicp</SMALL>, was employed to calculate the radiation expected from CR electrons and protons and their secondary products. These radio, X‐ray and gamma‐ray emissions are generally consistent with current observations of Type Ia SNRs. The emissions from electrons in these models dominate the radio through X‐ray bands. Decays of π<SUP>0</SUP>s from p–p collisions mostly dominate the gamma‐ray range, although for a hot, low‐density ISM case (<I>n</I><SUB>ISM</SUB>= 0.003 cm<SUP>−3</SUP>), the pion decay contribution is reduced sufficiently to reveal the inverse Compton contribution to TeV gamma‐rays. In addition, we present simple scalings for the contributing emission processes to allow a crude exploration of model parameter space, enabling these results to be used more broadly. We also discuss the radial surface brightness profiles expected for these model SNRs in the X‐ray and gamma‐ray bands.</P>

Live Events and the Sport Customer: A Sport Spectator Quality-Value-Behavior Model

Charles W. Jones,Kevin K. Byon,Antonio S. Williams,Paul M. Pedersen 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to propose and empirically test a sport spectator behavioral model. The model presented here is a micro-level perspective of value creation in the context of live sporting events. This study used directional hypotheses to com- pare the influence of different value dimensions on specific cus- tomer behaviors in the setting of North American professional sport. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine path coefficients for the hypothesized relationships in the model. Organization-related value propositions were found to be stron- ger predictors of perceived economic, hedonic, and social value. One exception to this was customer density, which negatively impacted certain value perceptions. The hedonic value was found to have the strongest influence on customer in-role and extra-role behavior. The behavioral model tested here can be used in future studies to examine how sport organizations and their customers can create value in the live event setting and how the roles per- formed by each stakeholder influence future behavior. Findings suggest there are several actions marketers and managers can take to increase customer perceived value and prompt spectators to attend future events or act as advocates for the organization.

NONTHERMAL RADIATION FROM SUPERNOVA REMNANTS: EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELD AMPLIFICATION AND PARTICLE ESCAPE

Kang, Hyesung,Jones, T. W.,Edmon, Paul P. IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.777 No.1

<P>We explore nonlinear effects of wave-particle interactions on the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) process in Type Ia-like supernova remnant (SNR) blast waves by implementing phenomenological models for magnetic field amplification (MFA), Alfvenic drift, and particle escape in time-dependent numerical simulations of nonlinear DSA. For typical SNR parameters, the cosmic-ray (CR) protons can be accelerated to PeV energies only if the region of amplified field ahead of the shock is extensive enough to contain the diffusion lengths of the particles of interest. Even with the help of Alfvenic drift, it remains somewhat challenging to construct a nonlinear DSA model for SNRs in which of the order of 10% of the supernova explosion energy is converted into CR energy and the magnetic field is amplified by a factor of 10 or so in the shock precursor, while, at the same time, the energy spectrum of PeV protons is steeper than E-2. To explore the influence of these physical effects on observed SNR emission, we also compute the resulting radio-to-gamma-ray spectra. Nonthermal emission spectra, especially in X-ray and gamma-ray bands, depend on the time-dependent evolution of the CR injection process, MFA, and particle escape, as well as the shock dynamic evolution. This result comes from the fact that the high-energy end of the CR spectrum is composed of particles that are injected in the very early stages of the blast wave evolution. Thus, it is crucial to better understand the plasma wave-particle interactions associated with collisionless shocks in detailed modeling of nonthermal radiation from SNRs.</P>

NONTHERMAL RADIATION FROM COSMIC-RAY MODIFIED SHOCKS

Kang, Hyesung,Edmon, Paul P.,Jones, T. W. IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.745 No.2

<P>We calculate nonthermal radiation from cosmic-ray (CR) protons and electrons accelerated at CR modified plane and spherical shocks, using time-dependent, diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) simulations that include radiative losses of CR electrons. Strong non-relativistic shocks with physical parameters relevant for young supernova remnants (SNRs) are considered in both the plane-parallel and spherically symmetric geometries, and compared at times when their dynamical and CR properties are concordant. A thermal leakage injection model and a Bohm-like diffusion coefficient are adopted. After DSA energy gains balance radiative losses, the electron spectrum at the plane shock approaches a time-asymptotic spectrum with a super-exponential cutoff above the equilibrium momentum. The postshock electron spectrum cuts off at a progressively lower momentum downstream from the shock due to the energy losses. That results in the steepening of the volume integrated electron energy spectrum by one power of the particle energy. These features evolve toward lower energies in the spherical, SNR shocks. In a CR modified shock, pion decay gamma-ray emission reveals distinct signatures of nonlinear DSA due to the concave proton momentum spectrum. Although the electron momentum spectrum has a much weaker concavity, the synchrotron spectral slope at the shock may flatten by about 0.1-0.3 between radio and X-ray bands. The slope of the volume integrated emission spectrum behaves nonlinearly around the break frequency.</P>

A Compositional Window of Kinetic Stability for Amphiphilic Polymers and Colloidal Nanorods

Jeng, Esther S.,Shih, Chih-Jen,Barone, Paul W.,Jones, Naomi,Baik, Joon Hyun,Abrahamson, Joel T.,Strano, Michael S. American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.115 No.15

<P>Amphiphilic polymers are often used to disperse nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Polymer adsorption theory predicts that there exists a narrow compositional range of hydrophobic groups on the polymer chain that allows for kinetic stabilization. Too few groups limit polymer adsorption, while too many allow aggregation of polymer-coated nanoparticles for lack of entropic repulsion. We experimentally validate and mathematically describe the existence of this compositional range, and the resulting stability “window” for the first time using a phenoxy-dextran polymer to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes. The results should provide a theoretical basis for the design of nanoparticle dispersants.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-15/jp109032h/production/images/medium/jp-2010-09032h_0001.gif'></P>