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Song, Bohang,Veith, Gabriel M.,Park, Jinseon,Yoon, Mina,Whitfield, Pamela S.,Kirkham, Melanie J.,Liu, Jue,Huq, Ashfia American Chemical Society 2019 Chemistry of materials Vol.31 No.1
<P>In this work, we examine the reaction mechanisms driven by the lithiation of Li<SUB>1+δ</SUB>Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (0 ≤ δ ≤ 1) spinels via in operando neutron powder diffraction (NPD). New reaction mechanisms are proposed involving solid-solution regions within both cubic and tetragonal spinel phases in addition to a continuous phase transition between them. In operando NPD is an ideal tool to follow the light elements such as lithium and oxygen in cathode materials which are often the key to fully understand their structural evolutions. Here, we report a novel methodology to prepare an extremely thick electrode with ∼378 mg·cm<SUP>-2</SUP> loading density suitable for the in operando NPD studies. Enabled by such thick electrode, we find that the metal oxygen M-O (M = Li and Mn) bond lengths in both end members LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and Li<SUB>2</SUB>Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> experience pronounced changes larger than dictated by the change in lattice parameters because of the locally formed Jahn-Teller distorted Mn<SUP>3+</SUP>. First-principles density functional theory calculations confirm these metastable intermediates and further propose atomistic reaction pathways for the phase transition by coupling a global structure search algorithm. These findings redefine the conventional understandings on two-phase reactions of this spinel material.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
National Estimates of Narcolepsy in Korea
Hea Ree Park,Pamela Song,Seo-Young Lee 대한신경과학회 2023 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.19 No.1
Background and Purpose Epidemiological data on narcolepsy are rare in South Korea. We aimed to provide an overview of the burden of narcolepsy and its temporal trend in South Korea. Methods Patients with narcolepsy were identified by their registration in the Rare and Intractable Disease (RID) register and the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Individuals registered in the RID program with the code V234 were considered as having ‘definite narcolepsy’, while those who claimed health insurance with G47.4 as the primary diagnostic code were considered as having ‘probable narcolepsy’. We estimated the annual prevalence, incidence, and medical costs of narcolepsy between 2010 and 2019. Results The prevalence of definite narcolepsy was 8.4/100,000 in 2019, peaking at 32.0/100,000 in those aged 15–19 years. The prevalence was higher in males, with a relative risk of 1.72. The prevalence has increased over the past 6 years, with an average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 12.2%. The prevalence of probable narcolepsy was 10.7/100,000 in 2019. The incidence of definite narcolepsy increased up to 1.3/100,000 in 2019 with an AAGR of 7.1%. Annual medical expenditure for definite narcolepsy gradually increased up to 4.1 billion KRW in 2019, with a compound annual growth rate of 11.9%. Conclusions This study has provided the first nationwide estimates for narcolepsy in South Korea. The prevalence of diagnosed narcolepsy in South Korea was at the low end of the range of narcolepsy prevalence rates reported for other countries. However, the prevalence and incidence have been steadily increasing over the past decade.
Jung, Young-Ho,Song, Qing,Kim, Kyung-Ho,Cosman, Pamela,Milstein, Laurence B. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2018 IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for vide Vol.28 No.8
<P>In this paper, cross-layer resource allocation methods for wireless video transmission are proposed. We propose two practical metrics to measure the relative importance of each forward error correction (FEC) block to the user’s quality of experience. They can be obtained from the header information, and require no overhead bits or amendment of the header format of the existing standard video codec. We discuss adaptive modulation and coding scheme allocation, and adaptive energy allocation for the FEC blocks of a group of pictures. We also provide low-complexity resource allocation solutions. In both approaches, we consider two types of slice packetization, which affect the priority of FEC blocks. The proposed cross-layer resource allocation methods have significant performance gain over equal error protection, and similar performance to more complicated algorithms.</P>
Ryu, Gil-Mi,Song, Pamela,Kim, Kyu-Won,Oh, Kyung-Soo,Park, Keun-Joon,Kim, Jong Hun Oxford University Press 2009 Nucleic acids research Vol.37 No.4
<P>We define phosphovariants as genetic variations that change phosphorylation sites or their interacting kinases. Considering the essential role of phosphorylation in protein functions, it is highly likely that phosphovariants change protein functions. Therefore, a comparison of phosphovariants between individuals or between species can give clues about phenotypic differences. We categorized phosphovariants into three subtypes and developed a system that predicts them. Our method can be used to screen important polymorphisms and help to identify the mechanisms of genetic diseases.</P>
Lee, Sang-Kyu,Song, Min-Young,Seo, Young-Su,Kim, Hye-Kyung,Ko, Seho,Cao, Pei-Jian,Suh, Jung-Pil,Yi, Gihwan,Roh, Jae-Hwan,Lee, Sichul,An, Gynheung,Hahn, Tae-Ryong,Wang, Guo-Liang,Ronald, Pamela,Jeon, J Genetics Society of America [etc.] 2009 Genetics Vol.181 No.4
<P>Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases of rice. To understand the molecular basis of Pi5-mediated resistance to M. oryzae, we cloned the resistance (R) gene at this locus using a map-based cloning strategy. Genetic and phenotypic analyses of 2014 F2 progeny from a mapping population derived from a cross between IR50, a susceptible rice cultivar, and the RIL260 line carrying Pi5 enabled us to narrow down the Pi5 locus to a 130-kb interval. Sequence analysis of this genomic region identified two candidate genes, Pi5-1 and Pi5-2, which encode proteins carrying three motifs characteristic of R genes: an N-terminal coiled-coil (CC) motif, a nucleotide-binding (NB) domain, and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif. In genetic transformation experiments of a susceptible rice cultivar, neither the Pi5-1 nor the Pi5-2 gene was found to confer resistance to M. oryzae. In contrast, transgenic rice plants expressing both of these genes, generated by crossing transgenic lines carrying each gene individually, conferred Pi5-mediated resistance to M. oryzae. Gene expression analysis revealed that Pi5-1 transcripts accumulate after pathogen challenge, whereas the Pi5-2 gene is constitutively expressed. These results indicate that the presence of these two genes is required for rice Pi5-mediated resistance to M. oryzae.</P>
A Case of Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Young Min Paek,Jae Jung Lee,Pamela Song,Hee Kyung Park,Joong-Yang Cho 순천향대학교 순천향의학연구소 2017 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.23 No.2
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) may present with area postrema syndrome, which is characterized by intractable vomiting and hiccups. Hyponatremia is common in NMOSD and is mostly associated with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). In contrast to SIADH, cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) causes hyponatremia, which is associated with severe natriuresis and extracellular volume depletion in patients with cerebral disease. To our knowledge, hyponatremia associated with CSWS has not been reported in a patient with NMOSD. Here, we describe a NMOSD presenting with hyponatremia, which may be caused by CSWS following area postrema syndrome.
( Hyeon-kyoung Koo ),( Hyung Koo Kang ),( Pamela Song ),( Hye Kyeong Park ),( Sung-soon Lee ),( Hoon Jung ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.3
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a chronic inflammatory disorder. We evaluated whether white blood cell (WBC) count, is associated with the severity of COPD, independent of other inflammatory conditions, such as metabolic syndrome. Methods: The WBC counts were compared between 1227 COPD patients and 8679 non-COPD adults older than 40. The relationships between the WBC count, lung function, and symptoms score in COPD patients, were determined, using general linear regression analyses. Results: The WBC count was negatively associated with forced vital capacity (FVC, L), FVC (% predicted), forced expiry volume in one second (FEV1, L), and FEV1 (% predicted) in COPD patients. Additionally, the WBC count was independently associated with the quality of life measure, by EQ5D-index score. However, this relationship between WBC count, and disease severity, was not significant in current smokers, because of the confounding effect of smoking, on the WBC count. Conclusion: The WBC count is associated with current smoking status and COPD severity, and a risk factor for poor lung function, and quality of life, especially in non-currently smoking COPD patients. The WBC count can be used, as an easily measurable COPD biomarker.
Cooperative Relaying of Superposition Coding with Simple Feedback for Layered Source Transmission
Wang, Jin Soo,Kim, Yun Hee,Song, Iickho,Cosman, Pamela C.,Milstein, Laurence B. IEEE 2013 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS Vol.61 No.11
<P>We consider a relay network that delivers a Gaussian source by employing successive refinement source coding and superposition coding of layers at the source node and successive decoding at the relay and destination nodes. For the network, making use of the decoding results at the relay and destination nodes of the first transmission, an efficient relaying strategy of layers is proposed to minimize the expected distortion (ED) when only the average channel state information is available at the source node. Three types of the proposed scheme, defined as Prop-DF, using decode-and-forward signals, Prop-AF, using amplify-and-forward signals, and Prop-MF, using mixed-forward signals, are addressed and analyzed in terms of the outage probability and distortion exponent. Unlike other studies, we have also taken the relay location into account in deriving the distortion exponent showing the high SNR behavior of the ED. The results show that the proposed scheme increases the distortion exponent up to twice that of the conventional relaying schemes when the relay is close to the source node, and that Prop-MF provides the best performance for most relay locations.</P>