MONITORING OF METHANE IN AMBIENT AIR AS AN INDEX OF STABILIZATION AT LANDFILL SITES

( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Tomo Oikawa ),( Kazuei Ishii ),( Tohru Furuichi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

Methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are well known as being the main landfill gases. We used continuous analyzers to measure CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O in ambient air and also the direction and velocity of the wind at a point near the landfill site to evaluate a simple method of measuring the emission of landfill gases. When there was a wind velocity over 2-3 m/s blowing from the landfill site to the measurement point, the atmospheric levels of CO₂ ranged from about 380 to 480 ppm, and the N₂O concentrations ranged from about 0.30 to 0.33 ppm, similar to background levels m this urban area. However, the CH₄ concentrations were dependent on the direction and the velocity of the wind. When there was a wind blowing in from the landfill site, CH₄ concentrations were always higher than about 2 ppm, the value considered to be the urban background concentration. It was supposed that gas emitted from the landfill site caused this increase of CH₄ concentration. If the CH₄ concentration increase was approximately equal to zero, we could judge that the landfill gas emission had almost ceased. The continuous measurement of CH₄ in ambient air near a landfill site is clearly a simple and effective method for monitoring landfill gas emissions and the CH₄ concentration in ambient air may be usable as an index of the degree of stabilization of the landfill site.

매립지 안정화 지표로서 대기의 메탄성분의 모니터링

( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Tomo Oikawa ),( Kazuei Ishii ),( Tohni Furuichi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

메탄, 이산화탄소, 아산화질소는 매립가스의 주성분으로 잘 알려져 있다. 대기의 메탄, 이산화탄소, 아산화질소를 연속적으로 측정하였고, 매립가스의 배출량을 측정하기 위한 간단한 방법을 평가하기 위해 매립지 부근에서의 풍향과 풍속 또한 연속적으로 측정하였다. 매립지로부터 측정지점으로 풍속 2-3 m/s 이상으로 불 때, 대기 중 이산화탄소 농도는 380- 480ppm, 아산화질소는 0.30-0.33ppm 로, 이러한 도시지역의 배경농도와 유사한 값으로 조사되었다. 반면, 메탄농도는 풍향과 풍속에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 매립지로부터 바람이 불 때, 메탄농도는 항상 2ppm 보다 높았고, 그 값은 도시배경농도가 된다고 판단되었다. 매립지로부터 배출되는 가스가 이런 식으로 메탄농도를 증가시키는 것으로 여겨진다. 메탄농도의 증가가 0에 근접하게 되면, 매립가스의 배출은 대부분 중지되었다고 판단할 수 있다. 매립지 부근의 대기중 메탄농도의 연속적인 측정은 매립가스의 배출을 모니터링하기 위한 간단하고 효과적인 방법이다. 따라서, 대기중 메탄농도는 매립지의 안정화 정도를 평가하는 지표로서 이용될 수 있을 것이다. Methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are well known as being the main landfill gases. We used continuous analyzers to measure CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O in ambient air and also the direction and velocity of the wind at a point near the landfill site to evaluate a simple method of measuring the emission of landfill gases. When there was a wind velocity over 2-3 m/s blowing from the landfill site to the measurement point, the atmospheric levels of CO₂ ranged from about 380 to 480 ppm, and the N₂O concentrations ranged from about 0.30 to 0.33 ppm, similar to background levels in this urban area. However, the CH₄ concentrations were dependent on the direction and the velocity of the wind. When there was a wind blowing in from the landfill site, CH₄ concentrations were always higher than about 2 ppm, the value considered to be the urban background concentration. It was supposed that gas emitted from the landfill site caused this increase of CH₄ concentration. If the CH₄ concentration increase was approximately equal to zero, we could judge that the landfill gas emission had almost ceased. The continuous measurement of CH₄ in ambient air near a landfill site is clearly a simple and effective method for monitoring landfill gas emissions and the CH₄ concentration in ambient air may be usable as an index of the degree of stabilization of the landfill site.

Present State of the Electronic Manifest System for Industrial Waste Management in Japan

( Yoshihisa Hamada ),( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Hironori Ozaki ),( Kazuyoshi Okazawa ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2011 ISWA Vol.2011 No.0

침식 모델을 이용한 공동체와 통제가 가능한 닫힌 계 처분 시설에서의 폐기물 안정화에 관한 연구

( Kazuei Ishii ),( Tohru Furuichi ),( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Takanori Honma ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

일본에서는, 공동체와 통제가 가능한 닫힌 계 처분시설(CSDFs)이 제안되고, 건설되고 있다. CSDFs에서, 폐기물의 안정화는 살수(즉, 인공강우)와 같은 방법에 의해 촉진될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는, CSDFs에서 바닥재 층으로 살수하는 양과 비율, 빈도를 조사할 것을 제안하였다. 이 모델에서는, 고상과 고정된 액상 사이의 물질 이동이 고려되었다. 초기에 TOC의 용출 특성을 조사고, 나중에 모델에서의 매개변수를 결정하고, 모델의 유효성을 평가하기 위해 몇몇 칼럼 실험이 실행되었다. 계산된 값과 실측된 값의 일관성이 이 침식 모델이 이 실험 기간에 대해서는 확실함을 보여준다. 본 연구에 기초하여, TOC성분을 효과적으로 씻어내기 위해 바닥재 층의 함수량을 일정하게 유지하는 것이 바람직하다고 제안되었다. In Japan, community and controllable closed system disposal facilities (CSDFs) have been proposed and constructed. In CSDFs, waste stabilization can be promoted by methods such as the sprinkling of water (i.e. artificial rainfall). In this study, a washout model was proposed to investigate the amount, rate and frequency of water sprinkling onto bottom ash layers in CSDFs. In this model, mass transfer between solid and immobile water phases was considered. Some column experiments were carried out, initially to investigate the characteristics of elution of total organic carbon (TOC), and later to determine parameters in the model and to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. The consistency of calculated values with observed values showed that this washout model is valid for this experimental period. It is suggested, based on this study, that it might be desirable to keep the water content of the bottom ash layers constant, in order to wash out TOC constituents effectively.

STUDY OF WASTE STABILIZATION IN COMMUNITY AND CONTROLLABLE CLOSED SYSTEM DISPOSAL FACILITIES BY USING A WASHOUT MODEL

( Kazuei Ishii ),( Tohru Furuichi ),( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Takanori Honma ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

In Japan, community and controllable closed system disposal facilities (CSDFs) have been proposed and constructed. In CSDFs, waste stabilization can be promoted by methods such as the sprinkling of water (i.e. artificial rainfall). In this study, a washout model was proposed to investigate the amount,rate and frequency of water sprinkling onto bottom ash layers in CSDFs. In this model, mass transfer between solid and immobile water phases was considered. Some column experiments were carried out, initially to investigate the characteristics of elution of total organic carbon (TOC), and later to determine parameters in the model and to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. The consistency of calculated values with observed values showed that this washout model is valid for this experimental period. It is suggested, based on this study, that it might be desirable to keep the water content of the bottom ash layers constant, in order to wash out TOC constituents effectively.

Introduction of Archives Method and Its Application Example of Large-Scale Illegal Dumping Cases in Japan

( Sangyul Kim ),( Toru Furuichi ),( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Kazuei Ishii ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2010 APLAS Vol.2010 No.0

Study of On-site Treatment of Waste Contaminated by BTX and Organic Pollutants in Illegal Dumping sites - Treatment Characteristics by Combination of Calcium Oxide Addition and Aerobic Biodegradation -

( Kazuei Ishii ),( Toru Furuichi ),( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Fumiya Tsubo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2010 APLAS Vol.2010 No.0

매립지에서 기술적인 문제와 그 대책의 분석

( Katsumi Kotani ),( Kazuei Ishii ),( Tohru Fumichi ),( Noboru Tanikawa ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

안전하고 신뢰성있는 도시 공학적 인 구조가 공적으로 수용될 수 있는 매립지의 구조를 위해 필수 조건이다. 비록, 매립지가 도시 공학의 넓은 분야에 걸친 여러 기술로 이루어졌다 하더라도 매립지를 설계하고 건축하는 기술은 충분하지 못하여 많은 매립지에서 기술적인 문제가 종종 발생한다. 본 연구는 문제점을 분석하고, 관련된 실제 매립지에서 발생한 48 가지 문제를 조정했다. 문제점을 예방하기 위해서 7가지 항목이 제안되었고, 매립지 설계와 건축 전문가들의 조사를 이용하여 평가하였다. 문제점의 분석결과, 대부분 건축과 운영의 단계에서 발생했으며, 이들은 계획과 설계의 단계에서 비롯된 것이다. 문제점을 예방하기 위해, 매립지의 설계가 부지의 지리적, 지질학적 특성에 적절하게 이루어져야 한다. 또한, 효과적인 관리도 중요하고, 건축과 운영의 단계에서 예상치 못한 사태에 직면했을 때, 유연성 있는 조치가 취해져야 한다. Safe and reliable civil engineering structures are a necessary prerequisite for the construction of publicly acceptable landfill sites. However, since landfill sites consist of several technologies spanning the wide field of civil engineering, and because the technologies employed in the design and construction of landfill sites are not mature enough, technical troubles (problems) often occur at many landfill sites. It is necessary to investigate the specifics of problems, and to develop countermeasures for preventing problems occurring. This study has analyzed problems and the actual measures used in 48 problems occurring at landfill sites, in which we have been involved. Seven options for preventing the problems are proposed, and these have been evaluated using a survey of specialists in the design and construction of landfill sites. Analysis of the problems revealed that many occur in the construction and operational stages, but their causes originate in the planning and design stages. To prevent problems, the design of a landfill site should be suitable for the geographical and geological features at the site. In addition, effective management is important, and flexible measures should be in place for unexpected accidents in the construction and operational stages.

A case analysis of the decision making processes with resident participation for restoration measures of Large scale illegal dumping

( Ayaka Itakura ),( Toru Furuichi ),( Sang Yul Kim ),( Noboru Tanikawa ),( Kazuei Ishii ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2008 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2008 No.1

ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR COUNTERMEASURES IN LANDFILL SITES

( Katsumi Kotani ),( Kazuei Ishii ),( Tohru Furuichi ),( Noboru Tanikawa ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

Safe and reliable civil engineering structures are a necessary prerequisite for the construction of publicly acceptable landfill sites. However, since landfill sites consist of several technologies spanning the wide field of civil engineering, and because the technologies employed in the design and construction of landfill sites are not mature enough, technical troubles (problems) often occur at many landfill sites. It is necessary to investigate the specifics of problems, and to develop countermeasures for preventing problems occurring. This study has analyzed problems and the actual measures used in 48 problems occurring at landfill sites, in which we have been involved. Seven options for preventing the problems are proposed, and these have been evaluated using a survey of specialists in the design and construction of landfill sites. Analysis of the problems revealed that many occur in the construction and operational stages, but their causes originate in the planning and design stages. To prevent problems, the design of a landfill site should be suitable for the geographical and geological features at the site. In addition, effective management is important, and flexible measures should be in place for unexpected accidents in the construction and operational stages.