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Activity Changes in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Following Taste Stimulation
( Motomasa Tanioka ),( Jeongsoo Han ),( Yongho Kwak ),( Bae Hwan Lee ) 한국감성과학회 2015 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-
Cation-specific epithelial receptors on the tongue have been well demonstrated. However, active regions along the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) for cations Na(+), K(+), NH4(+) remain unclear, although best responses of NST neurons to taste stimuli vary depending on cells. In the present study, spatial distribution patterns of cation-specific active regions in the NST are investigated. The tongues of urethane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 25) were stimulated with artificial saliva (control), 0.5 M NaCl, 1.0 M NaCl, 0.5 M KCl, and 0.3 M NH(4) Cl. Then, three-dimensional positions of c-Fos-likeimmunoreactive (cFLI) cells in the NST were generated. The spatial distributions of cFLI cells in the NST were compared among five taste stimulations. cFLI cells were observed throughout the NST, irrespective of the stimulus; however, the intermediate-medial central regions of the NST had higher numbers of cFLI cells than the other regions in all taste stimulations. Analysis of images revealed that the activated regions in the NST differed significantly depending on the cations. The intermediate-dorsal-central region and the caudal-ventral region were activated by a 0.5 M concentration of sodium, the rostral-ventral region and the intermediate-dorsal/ventral region were activated by a 1.0 M concentration of sodium, the intermediatedorsal/ ventral region was activated by potassium ions, and the rostral-ventral region and the intermediate-ventral central region were activated by ammonium ions. These results suggest that responses of NST cells to cation salt ions are regulated differentially. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (No. 2015021989).
Han, Jeongsoo,Kwon, Minjee,Cha, Myeounghoon,Tanioka, Motomasa,Hong, Seong-Karp,Bai, Sun Joon,Lee, Bae Hwan Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Neural plasticity Vol.2015 No.-
<P>The insular cortex (IC) is associated with important functions linked with pain and emotions. According to recent reports, neural plasticity in the brain including the IC can be induced by nerve injury and may contribute to chronic pain. Continuous active kinase, protein kinase M<I>ζ</I> (PKM<I>ζ</I>), has been known to maintain the long-term potentiation. This study was conducted to determine the role of PKM<I>ζ</I> in the IC, which may be involved in the modulation of neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia test and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of zif268, an activity-dependent transcription factor required for neuronal plasticity, were performed after nerve injury. After <I>ζ</I>-pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptide (ZIP, a selective inhibitor of PKM<I>ζ</I>) injection, mechanical allodynia test and immunoblotting of PKM<I>ζ</I>, phospho-PKM<I>ζ</I> (p-PKM<I>ζ</I>), and GluR1 and GluR2 were observed. IHC demonstrated that zif268 expression significantly increased in the IC after nerve injury. Mechanical allodynia was significantly decreased by ZIP microinjection into the IC. The analgesic effect lasted for 12 hours. Moreover, the levels of GluR1, GluR2, and p-PKM<I>ζ</I> were decreased after ZIP microinjection. These results suggest that peripheral nerve injury induces neural plasticity related to PKM<I>ζ</I> and that ZIP has potential applications for relieving chronic pain.</P>
Development of Gustatory Stimulation System for the Imaging of Taste Information Processing
( Jeongsoo Han ),( Minjee Kwon ),( Yongho Kwak ),( Bong Soo Kim ),( Jin Woo Chang ),( Motomasa Tanioka ),( Minjee Kim ),( Bae Hwan Lee ) 한국감성과학회 2015 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-
Research for taste function is necessary as there are increasing interests in food ingestion and appetite. However, imaging studies for taste have been sparse because there are few taste stimulation devices. As neuroimaging technique advances, researches of brain function take advantage of brain imaging system. Here, we developed the taste stimulation system using non-conductive materials for brain imaging tool which is sensitive to magnetic artifact. There are three parts of this stimulator: Air flow control box, heat insulating tastant reservoir including supply tubing and mouthpiece for spraying tastant and suctioning waste solution. Firstly, air flow control box can supply and stop the compressed air in accurate timing, cycle and duration which can be adjusted. This controller can be located in outside of the imaging room, so that researcher can manipulate easily. Secondly, we installed the insulating tastant reservoir and tastant supply pipe to maintain the tastant temperature to body temperature. It is important part to obtain only taste signals. Lastly, the mouthpiece provides comfortable wearing sensation. Moreover, the mouthpiece can apply tastant to the specific tongue area using Y-shaped tubing and provide suction of tastant and washing solution. Therefore, the imaging study of taste information processing can be achieved successfully by using this gustatory stimulation system. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (No. 2015021989).