Comparison of Resistance Level to Cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV) Among Newly Developed Cotton Mutants and Commercial Cultivars

Akhtar, Khalid P.,Khan, Azeem I.,Hussain, M.,Khan, M.S.I. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.4

Four newly developed cotton mutants (M-111, M-7662, M-358 and M-218) were compared for their resistance against Cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV) together with commercial resistant (CIM-443, CIM-482, CIM-473, FH-900 and FH-901) and susceptible (5-12) varieties by artificial inoculation through grafting and under natural field conditions. Infectivity and success of grafting were 100% in all cases. None of the grafted plants were found immune or asymptomatic. All the grafted mutants and most of their single plant progeny rows (SPPRs) showed highly resistant responses as the symptoms displayed by these mutants were milder than the commercial cultivars. Grafted mutants also had delayed disease reactions as they took more time (25-30 days) to produce disease symptoms, as compared with resistant commercial varieties that produced disease 18-22 days after inoculation. Growth of the grafted SPPRs of tested mutants was normal, which is an indication that there will be no production losses. Observations under natural infestation of whitefly showed that two SPPRs of M-ll/CE and M-7662-1/2 and one resistant variety CIM-443 exhibited slight incidence of disease, while one SPPR of M-l1/59 and S-12 were moderately susceptible and highly susceptible with 21% and 97.l% disease incidence, respectively. This study also showed that plants displaying more disease symptoms through grafting were easily infected under natural conditions. These results suggest that preference should be given to those plants that exhibited highly resistant responses after artificial inoculation.

Disinfection performance of adsorption using graphite adsorbent coupled with electrochemical regeneration for various microorganisms present in water

S.N. Hussain,A.P. Trzcinski,H.M.A. Asghar,H. Sattar,N.W. Brown,E.P.L. Roberts 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.44 No.-

The disinfection performance of the process of adsorption using a graphitic material combined withelectrochemical regeneration for a range of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast and protozoain a laboratory scale sequential batch reactor is demonstrated. The bacterial species studied werePseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus and Legionella pneumophila. A 3.0 log10 reduction in theconcentration of P. aeruginosa cells was achieved with the adsorbent that was regenerated at 30 mA cm 2with 100% regeneration on each adsorption cycle. The process was quite effective in removing S. aureuspresent in water with a significantly higher reduction in the number of cells (ca. 9-log10 reduction) atrelatively low current density (10 mA cm 2). Similarly, L. pneumophila were removed from water with aca. 7.5-log10 reduction in the number of bacterial cells. The SEM images confirmed the adsorption of L. pneumophila onto the adsorbent and its electrochemical regeneration at 20 mA cm 2 that is considered arefractory pathogen against chlorination. The process was also found to be suitable for disinfecting fungalspores, Aspergillus awamori and yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodosporidium turoloidesHowever, the removal of Cryptosporidium parvum from water was not demonstrated successfully. Thepreliminary results suggest that using a chloride free environment and a relatively high current densitycould be useful in disinfecting C. parvum.

Effect of Zn on the Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of (0.95)La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/(0.05)Mn1−x Zn x Fe2O4 Composites

Hussain, I.,Anwar, M. S.,Lee, S. R.,Koo, B. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 Journal of superconductivity and novel magnetism Vol.28 No.11

<P>We report the structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of (0.95)La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/(0.05)Mn1-x Zn (x) Fe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) composites. Polycrystalline samples of the composite material were prepared using the solid-state reaction method. The phase purity and structure of the samples were confirmed using the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies of the samples reveal that Mn1-x Zn (x) Fe2O4 is mainly distributed at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite matrix La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. The variation of magnetization (M) as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field was investigated. The M-T data plots indicate a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition upon cooling in all samples. The magnetic entropy change was also studied through the examination of measured magnetic isotherms, M (H, T) near Curie temperature T (C) . A magnetocaloric effect has been estimated in terms of isothermal magnetic entropy change. A maximum entropy change value of 1.72 J/kg K was recorded for a magnetic field change of 3 T with a relative cooling power (RCP) value of 177 J/kg for the (0.95)La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/(0.05)MnFe2O4 composite sample.</P>

Phase structure and electromechanical behavior of Li, Nb co-doped 0.95Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.05BaZrO₃ ceramics

Hussain, A.,Maqbool, A.,Malik, R.A.,Lee, J.H.,Sung, Y.S.,Song, T.K.,Kim, M.H. Elsevier 2017 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.43 No.suppl1

In this work, the effect of Li, Nb co-doping on the structural phase, dielectric, ferroelectric and field induced strain behavior of 0.95Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>TiO<SUB>3</SUB>-0.05BaZrO<SUB>3</SUB> (BNT-BZ5) ceramic was investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of single phase perovskite structure in the studied composition range. However, with increasing Li, Nb co-doping concentration, the maximum dielectric constant decreased and the dielectric maximum temperature (T<SUB>m</SUB>) slightly shifted towards higher temperature. The field induced strain response increased from 0.18% for pure BNT-BZ5 to 0.38% for 1mol.% Li, Nb modified BNT-BZ5 sample. The corresponding dynamic piezoelectric coefficient for these composition were (S<SUB>max</SUB>/E<SUB>max</SUB> = 257pm/V) and (S<SUB>max</SUB>/E<SUB>max</SUB> = 542pm/V), respectively. These results suggest that the BNLTN-BZ ceramic can be considered as a promising candidate material for piezoelectric application.

Study of Magnetocaloric Effect in (1—y)La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃/(y) Mn_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ Composite

Anwar, M. S.,Cho, Hyeon Ji,Hussain, Imad,Koo, Bon Heun American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.16 No.11

<P>The structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of (1-y)LSMO/(y)Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (y = 0.00, 0.03, 0.05, 0.10) composite samples have been studied. All samples show mainly pervoskite phase with rhombohedral crystal lattice. The XRD peaks of Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 phase were not observed because of its very low concentration in the composite sample. The magnetization measurement reveals that the Curie temperature, T-C decreases significantly with increasing the Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 concentration in the composite samples. On the other hand, the temperature range of paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition becomes broader in case of composite samples. The magnetic entropy evaluation shows that the Delta S-M(max) decreased in case of composite samples as compared to that of pure LSMO sample. In addition, an enhanced relative cooling power of 57 J/kg (at 1 T) was observed for the (0.97) LSMO/(0.03)Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composite sample, which is due to the increased partial derivative T-FWHM over 62 K around room temperature.</P>

Comparative adsorption–regeneration performance for newly developed carbonaceous adsorbent

H.M.A. Asghar,S.N. Hussain,N.W. Brown,E.P.L. Roberts 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.69 No.-

A proprietary adsorbent material called Nyex 1000 was developed by the Arvia Technology Ltd. (UK based waste water treatment company). Nyex 1000 was being employed for a number of commercial applications dealing with the removal of organic contaminants from industrial effluents. This adsorbent material had small adsorptive capacity. With the aim to address small adsorptive capacity, a new graphite based adsorbent material was developed. The particle design was accomplished through successive chemical, thermal and mechanical treatments of raw graphite material (natural large flake graphite, to be called here as NLFG). The chemical treatment of the NLFG was carried out through electrochemical intercalation using dilute (50%) sulfuric acid in an electrochemical cell. Chemically treated NLFG then went through thermal treatment at 850 °C and followed by mechanical treatments consisting of compression (4536 kgf cm−2) and chopping at 18,000 rpm for 30 s. The developed adsorbent material, (exfoliated compacted graphite, to be called here as ECG) and NLFG were characterized using state of the art techniques including SEM, BET surface area, XRD, Zeta potential, Boehm surface titration, bed electrical conductivity and laser size analysis. The characterization results showed significant increase in internal specific surface area from 1 to 17 m2 g−1. It was attributed to the development of partially porous particle surface verified by SEM results. The XRD, Boehm surface titration, Zeta potential results endorsed the associated chemical and physical changes appeared in the composition of the NLFG as a result of chemical, thermal and mechanical treatments. Adsorption-regeneration studies were conducted using developed ECG and existing Nyex 1000 materials. The pollutants used for adsorption–regeneration studies were acid violet 17, phenol, humic acid, ethane thiol and methyl propane thiol dissolved in aqueous solution. The results were compared and it was found that ECG showed significantly improved adsorption capacity with many folds. Both adsorbent materials, ECG and Nyex 1000 delivered 100% electrochemical regeneration efficiencies.

Dielectric, ferroelectric and field-induced strain response of lead-free BaZrO₃-modified Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ ceramics

Rahman, J.U.,Hussain, A.,Maqbool, A.,Song, T.K.,Kim, W.J.,Kim, S.S.,Kim, M.H. Elsevier 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.3

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1 - x)Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>TiO<SUB>3</SUB>-xBaZrO<SUB>3</SUB> (BNT-BZ100x, with x = 0-0.10) were prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of BNT-BZ100x ceramics were studied as functions of different BZ content. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the BZ completely diffused in the BNT lattice in the studied composition range. An appropriate amount of BZ addition improved the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of BNT ceramics. The remanent polarization (P<SUB>r</SUB>) and piezoelectric constant (d<SUB>33</SUB>) increased from 22 μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 60 pC/N for pure BNT to 30 μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 112 pC/N for x = 0.040, respectively. In addition, electric field-induced strain was enhanced to its maximum value (S<SUB>max</SUB> = 0.40%) with normalized strain (d*<SUB>33</SUB> = S<SUB>max</SUB>/E<SUB>max</SUB> = 500 pm/V) at an applied electric field of 8 kV/mm for x = 0.055. The enhanced strain can be attributed to the coexistence of ferroelectric and relaxor ferroelectric phases.

Synthesis, Thermal Decomposition Pattern and Single Crystal X-Ray Studies of Dimeric [Cu(dmae)(OCOCH3)(H2O)]2

Muhammad Mazhar*,S. M. Hussain,Faiz Rabbani,Gabriele Kociok-Kohn,Kieran C. Molloy 대한화학회 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.10

A dimeric precursor, [Cu(dmae)(OCOCH3)(H2O)]2 for the CVD of copper metal films, (dmaeH = N,N-dimethylaminoethanol) was synthesized by the reaction of copper(II) acetate monohydrate (Cu(OCOCH3)2H2O) and dmaeH in toluene. The product was characterized by m.p. determination, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. Molecular structure of [Cu(dmae)(OCOCH3)(H2O)]2 shows that a dimeric unit [Cu(dmae)(OCOCH3)(H2O)]2 is linked to another through hydrogen bond and it undergoes facile decomposition at 300 C to deposit granular copper metal film under nitrogen atmosphere. The decomposition temperature, thermal behaviour, kinetic parameters, evolved gas pattern of the complex, morphology, and the composition of the film were also investigated.

Synthesis, Thermal Decomposition Pattern and Single Crystal X-Ray Studiesof Dimeric [Cu(dmae)(OCOCH₃)(H₂O)]₂: A Precursor for the Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition of Copper Metal Thin Films

Mazhar, Muhammad,Hussain, S.M.,Rabbani, Faiz,Kociok-Kohn, Gabriele,Molloy, Kieran C. Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.10

A dimeric precursor, $[Cu(dmae)(OCOCH_3)(H_2O)]_2$ for the CVD of copper metal films, (dmaeH = N,N-dimethylaminoethanol) was synthesized by the reaction of copper(II) acetate monohydrate ($Cu(OCOCH_3)_2{\cdot}H_2O$) and dmaeH in toluene. The product was characterized by m.p. determination, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. Molecular structure of $[Cu(dmae)(OCOCH_3)(H_2O)]_2$ shows that a dimeric unit $[Cu(dmae)(OCOCH_3)(H_2O)]_2$ is linked to another through hydrogen bond and it undergoes facile decomposition at 300 C to deposit granular copper metal film under nitrogen atmosphere. The decomposition temperature, thermal behaviour, kinetic parameters, evolved gas pattern of the complex, morphology, and the composition of the film were also investigated.

Inactivation of bacterial pathogens on lettuce, sprouts, and spinach using hurdle technology

Ngnitcho, P.F.K.,Khan, I.,Tango, C.N.,Hussain, M.S.,Oh, D.H. Elsevier Science 2017 Innovative food science & emerging technologies Vol.43 No.-

<P>Effects of chemical treatment using slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW), fumaric acid (FA), or calcium oxide (CaO) and physical treatment using ultrasonication (US), micro-bubbles (MB), or ultraviolet (UV) to inactivate bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia call 0157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. on lettuce, spinach, and sprouts were determined. Fresh produce inoculated with bacterial pathogens (similar to 9 log CFU/mL) was immersed in distilled water (DW), SAEW, FA (0.5%), or CaO (0.2%) alone or in combination at 23 +/- 2 degrees C for 3 min followed by treatment with US, MB for 3 min, or UV for 10 min. Effects of combined treatment on shelf-life of lettuce at 4 degrees C and 23 +/- 2 degrees C were also determined in this study. Results revealed that the use of a combination of CaO + SAEW + FA + US exhibited significant reduction (p < 0.05) for bacterial pathogen on fresh produce compared to individual treatment or other combinations. CaO + SAEW + FA + US treatment exhibited highest reduction of E. coli 0157:H7, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. by 4.7, 4.9, 4.84 and 5.08 log CFU/g, respectively on lettuce as compared to spinach and sprouts. Microbial count reducing capability for combined treatment methods were ranked in the following order: SAEW + FA < CaO + SAEW + FA < CaO + SAEW + FA + US. However, introduction of US to CaO + SAEW + FA treatment resulted in little detrimental effect on the overall quality of lettuce. Moreover, CaO + SAEW + FA treatment effectively enhanced the shelf-life of lettuce stored at 4 degrees C and 23 +/- 2 degrees C by about 6 days and 3 days, respectively as compared to control (DW treatment), with longer lag time (23.11 h on lettuce) for naturally occurring bacteria on fresh produce. These findings suggest that significant synergistic benefit could be obtained from combined sanitizer treatment to eliminate bacterial pathogens from fresh produce.</P>