Analysis of flavonoids in the mature fruit of Vaccinium uliginosum L. of China

Hua, Lian Li,Yoshitama, Kunijiro Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2006 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.6 No.1

In this study, a new extraction method was developed and two kinds of flavonoids were extracted from the mature fruit of Vaccinium uliginosum L. of China. These two kinds of flavonoids were analyzed by spectral and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV/Vis. The extract of the fruit was total acid hydrolyzed. TLC chromatography was subsequently employed to identify the hydrolysate. Two kinds of aglycone flavonoids, quercetin and myricetin, were identified. At the same time PC chromatography was used to identify the monomer sugar in the flavonoids and it was verified as glucose. HPLC, UV/Vis, and Mass spectrum analyses revealed that the flavonoids were quercetin 3-monoglucosides and myricetin 3-monoglucosides.

Observation of Attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to Rose Cell Surface Using TEM in Relation to Resistance Responses to Crown Gall Disease

Lian-hua Li,Bian-see Tan,Yasushi Ishiguro,Koji Kageyama,Shogo Matsumoto,Wen-jin Yu,Hirokazu Fukui 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

韩国中低端化妆品进入中国市场模式的思考

Li Lian Hua(李莲,花),Li Zhuo(李卓) 대한경영교육학회 2016 경영교육저널 Vol.27 No.1

With the increase of China's national income, people has changed the idea of "beauty" and increased the demand for cosmetics, China has overtaken Japan as the world's second largest cosmetics consumer. As the "Korean wave" isescalating, coupled with the south Korean cosmetics in high technical content, good quality, reasonable price, its share in China has been rising year by year, in 2015, South Korea has surpassed Japan and the United States, became the second largest exporter of cosmetics in China only after France. On December 20th, 2015, China and South Korea free trade agreement(FTA) took effect, it will promote more and more south Korean cosmetics to enter the Chinese market. Almost sixty percent of low and middle in come earners and 37million college students in China, will form the huge mid-range cosmetics consumer groups. As China's "Internet+" and the Wechat business development, China's cosmetics market environment is changing recently. In this background, this paper aims to grasp the new change and put forward some rationalization proposals for the South Korean mid-range cosmetics entering the Chinese market step by step. 随着中国国民收入的增加, 人们对'美'的观念发生了变化, 对化妆品的需求不断增加, 中国已超越日本成长为世界第二大化妆品消费国。随着'韩流'越演越烈, 再加上韩国化妆品技术含量高、品质好, 价格合理, 其在中国的占有率逐年攀升, 2015年, 韩国已超越日本和美国, 成为仅次于法国的第二大对华化妆品出口国。2015年12月20日, 中韩自由贸易协定(FTA)的正式生效, 这将会促进越来越多的韩国化妆品进入中国市场。中国有近六成的中低收入者和3700万的在校大学生, 会形成庞大的中低端化妆品消费群体。随着中国"互联网+"和微商的发展, 目前, 中国化妆品市场销售环境在变化。在这样的背景下, 本文力争把脉新变化, 为韩国中低端化妆品更有步骤的进军中国市场提出几点合理化的建议。

Aloe-emodin Induced Apoptosis in T-HSC/Cl-6 Cells Involves a Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway

Sohn Dong Hwan,Kim So Yeon,Zhao Yu Zhe,Park Eun Jeon,Lian Li Hua 대한약학회 2004 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2004 No.2

Aloe Emodin-Induced Apoptosis in t-HSC/Cl-6 Cells Involves a Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway

Lian, Li-Hua,Park, Eun-Jeon,Piao, Hui-Shan,Zhao, Yu-Zhe,Sohn, Dong Hwan Blackwell Science, Ltd 2005 Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology Vol.96 No.6

<P>Abstract: </P><P>The aim of our study was to clarify the apoptosis pathway induced by aloe emodin, an hydroxyanthraquinone present in <I>aloe vera</I> leaves, in rat hepatic stellate cells transformed by simian virus 40 (t-HSC/Cl-6), which retain the features of activated rat stellate cells. Apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation, caspase activity assay and western blotting analysis. Treatment of t-HSC/Cl-6 cells with 12.5, 25, or 50 &mgr;M aloe emodin inhibited t-HSC/Cl-6 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis by aloe emodin was confirmed by typical DNA ladder formation and annexin v-propidium iodide flow-cytometric analysis. Aloe emodin treatment of t-HSC/Cl-6 cells caused activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, detected with a caspase activity assay, although no change was observed in caspase-8 activity. Western blotting showed caspase-3 and caspase-9 active forms and the subsequent proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Aloe emodin induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Our data also show that cytochrome c increased in the cytosol but decreased in the mitochondria in a time-dependent manner. Increased Bax and unchanged Bcl-2 levels resulted in an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Thus, our research provides evidence that aloe emodin-induced apoptosis involves a mitochondria-associated apoptosis pathway.</P>

韩汉将来时标记“-겠-”“要”的认识情态研究

이길연(Li, Ji-Lian),황련화(Huang, Lian-Hua) 대한중국학회 2020 중국학 Vol.72 No.-

时体标记和认识情态都属于句子的背景信息,具有使虚拟事件转化为实际事件的效用,语言类型学研究表明,将来时标记向认识情态的发展是人类语言的共性。韩汉将来时标记“-겠-”、“要”都具有“推测”、“意图”的概念义,用来描述未然事件,对于未然事件的描述分为客观上必然发生的事件和主观上说话者认为必然或可能发生的事件,对于这两种情况,由于将来事件本身具有的不确定性,两者都表现出强主观性,因此与认识情态密切相关,由将来时衍生出来的认识情态根据说话人对主观估价的确信度可分为“必然性”、“可能性”、“虚拟性”三个量级。本文以韩汉将来时标记“-겠-”、“要”作为研究对象,考察了韩汉将来时标记向认识情态发展过程中所呈现的句法、语义、语用的异同,并用主观化、转喻、推理解释了其背后的认知机制。 Tense, aspect and epistemic modality belong to the background information of sentences and have the effect of transforming virtual events into actual events. Linguistic typology studies show that the development of future tense into epistemic modality is a common feature of human languages. The future tense markers - 겠 - and Yao in Korean and Chinese language have the conceptual meanings of speculation and intention , which are used to describe the future events. The description of the future events can be divided into objectively inevitable events and subjectively inevitable or possible events. For these two cases, due to the uncertainty of future events, both of them show strong subjectivity. Therefore, they are closely related to epistemic modality. Epistemic modality can be divided into three categories according to the speaker s certainty of subjective evaluation: inevitability, possibility and virtuality. This study aims to find out the similarities and differences of - 겠 - and Yao in syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and explain the cognitive mechanism behind the differences by comparing the degree of grammaticalization and subjectification.

‘-더-’와 ‘来着’의 상적 특징과 양태성에 관한 연구

이길연(Li Ji-Lian)(李吉蓮),황련화(Huang Lian-Hua)(黃蓮花) 대한중국학회 2021 중국학 Vol.77 No.-

본고에서는 ‘-더-’와 ‘来着’가 쓰인 용례를 통하여 양자의 범주 소속, 화용적 기능, 통사적 특징, 양태성 등 측면에서 공통점과 차이점을 살펴보았고 또한 하나의 문법 표지가 여러 범주에 걸쳐 나타나는 이유를 문법화의 각도에서 해석하였다. 결론적으로 ‘-더-’와 ‘来着’는 완료상 표지로써 상이한 서술어와의 결합을 통해 사용 문맥이 확대되고 주관화, 재분석 등 기제로 인하여 인식양태, 증거양태로 문법화 되었다. This paper describes the relationship between the tense and modality of -더- and 来着 through the intrinsic meaning of the perfect, preconception and influence, and interprets the cause with cognitive mechanisms such as grammaticalization, subjectivization, and reanalysis. In conclusion, -the- and 来着 are perfect trademarks, and the context of use is expanded by combining them with different predicates. When looking at the usage of -더- , it is confirmed in the terminating form, the connecting form, and the adjective form. Considering various factors, only the final form of -더- is intended to be the subject of the description. In this paper, we looked into the similarities and differences of ‘-더-’ and ‘来着’ in the categories of semantics, syntactics and modality. The grammatical attributes of ‘-더-’ and ‘来着’ were defined as perfect aspect marker. With the expanding of its context, the use of epistemic modality and evidentiality were appeared, the mechanism of this process of grammarization is subjectivization.

비즈니스 중국어 학습수요에 관한 연구

황련화(Huang, Lian-Hua)(黃蓮花),이길연(Li, Ji-Lian)(李吉蓮) 대한중국학회 2019 중국학 Vol.68 No.-

한·중 수교 이래 경제교류가 날로 늘어남에 따라 비즈니스 중국어 학습에 대한 수요가 대두되기 시작하였으나 이에 대한 연구나 분석이 아직 많지 않은 실정이다. 본고는 한국 내의 비즈니스 중국어 수업현황, 학습현황, 비즈니스 교재현황에 대해 검토하였고, 학습자 수요를 파악하기 위해 수요분석 이론과 기존 연구를 바탕으로 학습수요를 물질적 수요, 심리적 수요, 비즈니스 중국어에 대한 수요, 교육과정과 평가에 대한 수요 등 네 가지로 재분류 하였다. 이러한 분류에 따라 중국어 학습자 총 302명을 대상으로 3년의 시간간격을 두고 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였고 그 결과 직업별, 중국어 수준 별 학습자 수요는 상이하게 나타났다. 위와 같은 분석결과를 토대로 효과적인 비즈니스 중국어 교육을 위해 교재편찬, 수업설계, 평가에 대해 간략하게 제언을 하였다. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea, South Korean enterprises that trade with Chinese have grown rapidly. In order to better cooperate with Chinese people, Business Chinese Learning Demands are also growing. Business Chinese has become one of the essential skills of South Korean business people. Therefore, Business Chinese teaching has gradually become the focus of Chinese teaching in South Korea. The premise of teaching students well is to understand their learning needs. In this paper, 302 South Koreans with different Chinese proficiency, occupations and ages were surveyed. The surveys were conducted twice, in 2016 and 2019.The learning needs were divided into four aspects: material needs, psychological needs, language ability needs and curriculum needs. The purpose of the survey is to better understand the students’ learning needs and changes in demand. Based on the results, we can effectively guide students’ learning, optimize the classroom teaching and make the testing standards more reasonable.

Synergistic Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

( Zhen Zhen Lian ),( Xiao Jing Yin ),( Hua Li ),( Li Li Jia ),( Xiu Zhen He ),( Yong Bo Yan ),( Nai Hua Liu ),( Ka Yiu Wan ),( Xiao Kun Li ),( Shao Qiang Lin ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.1

Background: Diabetic wounds are a major clinical challenge, because minor skin wounds can lead to chronic, unhealed ulcers and ultimately result in infection, gangrene, or even amputation. Studies on bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and a series of growth factors have revealed their many benefits for wound healing and regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may improve the environment for BMSC development and differentiation. However, whether combined use of BMSCs and PRP may be more effective for accelerating diabetic ulcer healing remains unclear. Objective: We investigated the efficacy of BMSCs and PRP for the repair of refractory wound healing in a diabetic rat model. Methods: Forty-eight rats with diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin were divided into four groups: treatment with BMSCs plus PRP, BMSCs alone, PRP alone, phosphate buffered saline. The rate of wound closure was quantified. A histopathological study was conducted regarding wound depth and the skin edge at 7, 14, and 28 days after surgery. Results: Wound healing rates were significantly higher in the BMSC plus PRP group than in the other groups. The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and transforming growth factor-β1 increased significantly in the BMSC plus PRP group compared to the other treatment groups. On day 7, CD68 expression increased significantly in the wounds of the BMSC plus PRP group, but decreased markedly at day 14 compared to the controls. Conclusion: The combination of BMSCs and PRP aids diabetic wound repair and regeneration. (Ann Dermatol 26(1) 1∼10, 2014)

基于“产出导向法”的商务汉语案例教学实践

황련화(Huang, Lian-Hua)(黃蓮花),이길연(Li, Ji-Lian)(李吉蓮) 대한중국학회 2019 중국학 Vol.69 No.-

本文尝试将产出导向法理论运用到商务汉语案例教学,用实际课堂的教学准备、教案编写、实施过程、教学反思等环节来探讨其适用性。在教学实践过程中,我们选取跨国企业本土化为教学内容,按照产出导向法的三个步骤“驱动-促成-评价”展开商务汉语案例教学,并针对课堂教学效果进行了调查,总结归纳了基于产出导向法理论的商务汉语教学的优点和不足,最后,就商务汉语教师的专业素养提高、学习者的学习能力提升、教学方式的优化、教学过程的完善提出了几点建议。 This paper aims to apply the theory of “Production-oriented Approach” to Business Chinese Case Teaching, and explores its applicability through classroom teaching.In the process of teaching practice, we chose the subject of localization of multinational enterprises as the teaching content, carried out business Chinese case teaching according to the teaching steps of the POA“drive-promote-evaluate”and conducted interviews and surveys on the effect of classroom teaching, summarized the advantages and disadvantages of business Chinese teaching based on the POA. Finally, We put forward some suggestions in terms of the improvement of teaching ability learning ability and the teaching process.