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Ko, S. H.,Song, K. H.,Park, S. A.,Kim, S. R.,Cha, B. Y.,Son, H. Y.,Moon, K. W.,Yoo, K. D.,Park, Y. M.,Cho, J. H.,Yoon, K. H.,Ahn, Y. B. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 Diabetic medicine Vol.25 No.10
<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims </P><P>We investigated whether cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with acute ischaemic stroke in patients with Type 2 diabetes.</P><P>Methods </P><P>From 1999 to 2000, cardiovascular autonomic function tests were conducted in patients with Type 2 diabetes (<I>n</I> = 1458). Patients were followed up between 2006 and 2007. Standard tests for CAN measured heart rate variability parameters [expiration-to-inspiration (E/I) ratio, responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre and standing]. Using the American Diabetes Association criteria, the CAN scores were determined from the results of each test as follows: 0 = normal, 1 = abnormal (total maximum score 3). We assessed the development of acute ischaemic stroke events.</P><P>Results </P><P>The prevalence of CAN at baseline was 55.7% (E/I 17.1%, Valsalva 39.4%, posture 27.3%) (<I>n</I> = 1126). During follow-up, 131 patients (11.6%) developed acute ischaemic stroke. The vascular events were more frequent in older patients (<I>P</I> < 0.001) and in those with diabetes of longer duration (<I>P</I> = 0.022), hypertension (<I>P</I> < 0.001) or diabetic retinopathy (<I>P</I> = 0.03) than in patients without vascular events. Patients with ischaemic stroke had higher creatinine levels (<I>P</I> = 0.045) and higher urine albumin excretion (<I>P</I> = 0.025) than those of patients without stroke. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that the CAN score was associated with the development of acute ischaemic stroke (total score 0 vs. 3, adjusted hazard ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.3–5.5,<I> P</I> = 0.006).</P><P>Conclusion </P><P>Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction was significantly associated with the development of ischaemic stroke in patients with Type 2 diabetes.</P>
Global gyrofluid simulations of turbulence in tokamak plasmas
Ko S.H.,Kim S.S.,Jhang Hogun,Kim Juhyung,Seo Janghoon,Kaang Helen H. 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.50 No.-
We develop a tokamak plasma turbulence simulation code based on a fluid model using the BOUT++ framework. The model corresponds to a global extension of the local gyrofluid model (Beer and Hammett, 1996 [11]), where external sources and neoclassical equilibrium flows are included but some higher-order kinetic effect terms are ignored for the global nonlinear simulation. Hyper-viscous damping terms are introduced to compensate for the stabilizing effect of the missing kinetic terms. With an appropriate hyper-viscosity, we obtain reasonable linear and nonlinear results on ion temperature gradient modes compared to global gyrokinetic simulations. We perform global flux-driven simulations with self-consistently evolving profiles with external heat sources/sinks. A spectral analysis of heat flux in flux-driven turbulence exhibits a broad 1∕f (f is the frequency) spectrum observed in gyrokinetic simulations, indicating the prevalence of self-organized criticality-like heat avalanches. We also investigate the effect of an externally imposed vorticity source on turbulence suppression and transport barrier formation. It is shown that internal transport barrier can form even for a monotonic safety factor profile when a sufficiently strong vorticity source is applied.
Structural Properties of polyaniline blended with PNIPAM
Kosh Prasad Neupane,Jin-Wook Ha 한국산학기술학회 2003 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-
Polyaniline(PANi) composite particles were synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline in presence of Poly-N-Isopropyl acryl amide(PNIPAM). The PANi particles are formed in the reaction medium deposited onto non-conducting PNIPAM template to produce PANi-coated composite particles. The formation of composite was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, and UV-VIS spectroscopy, and their morphological structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). From the experimental results, it was determined that PANi was successfully coated onto non-conducting PANIPAM.
Structural Properties of Polyaniline Blended with PNIPAM
Neupane, Kosh-Prasad,Ha, Jin-Wook The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 2003 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.4 No.3
Polyaniline (PANi) composite particles were synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline in presence of poly-n-isopropyl acryl amide (PNIPAM). The PANi particles formed in the reaction medium deposited onto non-conducting PNIPAM template to produce PANi-coated composite particles. The formation of composite was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, and UV-VIS spectroscopy, and their morphological structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the experimental results, it was determined that PANi was successfully coated onto non-conducting PNIPAM.
하진욱,홍지녀,조승현,( Kosh Prasad Neupane ) 한국공업화학회 2002 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2002 No.0
Several series of morphologically controlled MoO<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts were prepared, characterized, and tested for hydrodesulfrization(HDS) of dibenzothiophene(DBT) activity. Molybdenum surface loaded with 4.0 atoms Mo/nm2 was prepared as sintered hexagonal and sintered orthorhombic, as well as a novel 'well dispersed hexagonal' phase. Characterization by XRD, Raman, and O<sub>2</sub> chemisorption results reveals that the dispersion of MoO<sub>3</sub> over silica depends on the final MoO<sub>3</sub> phase in the order of; sintered hexagonal < sintered orthorhombic < dispersed hexagonal phase. Temperature programmed reduction(TPR) results show that both bulk and dispersed microcrystalline of MoO<sub>3</sub> reduce to MoO<sub>2</sub> at 650°C and to Mo metal at 1000°C. HDS of DBT was performed in a differential reactor at 30 atm over the temperature range 350-500 °C. Activity of MoO<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> toward HDS of DBT is proportional to dispersion.