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Kim, Byoung-Jun,Hong, Seok-Hyun,Yu, Hee-Kyung,Park, Young-Gil,Jeong, Joseph,Lee, Seon Ho,Kim, Sung-Ryul,Kim, Kijeong,Kook, Yoon-Hoh,Kim, Bum-Joon International Union of Microbiological Societies 2013 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.63 No.6
<P>A previously undescribed, slowly growing, non-chromogenic <I>Mycobacterium</I> strain (299<SUP>T</SUP>) was isolated from the sputum sample of a patient with a symptomatic pulmonary infection. Phenotypically, strain 299<SUP>T</SUP> was generally similar to <I>Mycobacterium koreense</I> DSM 45576<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>Mycobacterium triviale</I> ATCC 23292<SUP>T</SUP>. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 299<SUP>T</SUP> was similar to that of <I>M. koreense</I> DSM 45576<SUP>T</SUP> (GenBank accession no. AY734996, 99.5 % similarity); however, it differed substantially from that of <I>M. triviale</I> ATCC 23292<SUP>T</SUP> (X88924, 98.2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 299<SUP>T</SUP> clustered together with <I>M. koreense</I> DSM 45576<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>M. triviale</I> ATCC 23292<SUP>T</SUP>, supported by high bootstrapping values (99 %). Unique mycolic acid profiles and phylogenetic analysis based on two different chronometer molecules, the <I>hsp65</I> and <I>rpoB</I> genes, strongly supported the taxonomic status of this strain as representing a distinct species. These data support the conclusion that strain 299<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel mycobacterial species, for which the name <I>Mycobacterium parakoreense</I> sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 299<SUP>T</SUP> ( = DSM 45575<SUP>T</SUP> = KCTC 19818<SUP>T</SUP>).</P>
DRG2 Deficient Mice Exhibit Impaired Motor Behaviors with Reduced Striatal Dopamine Release
Lim, Hye Ryeong,Vo, Mai-Tram,Kim, Dong Jun,Lee, Unn Hwa,Yoon, Jong Hyuk,Kim, Hyung-Jun,Kim, Jeongah,Kim, Sang Ryong,Lee, Jun Yeon,Yang, Chae Ha,Kim, Hee Young,Choi, June-Seek,Kim, Kijeong,Yang, Esther MDPI AG 2020 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.21 No.1
<P>Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2) was first identified in the central nervous system of mice. However, the physiological function of DRG2 in the brain remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that knocking out DRG2 impairs the function of dopamine neurons in mice. DRG2 was strongly expressed in the neurons of the dopaminergic system such as those in the striatum (Str), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and substantia nigra (SN), and on neuronal cell bodies in high-density regions such as the hippocampus (HIP), cerebellum, and cerebral cortex in the mouse brain. DRG2 knockout (KO) mice displayed defects in motor function in motor coordination and rotarod tests and increased anxiety. However, unexpectedly, DRG2 depletion did not affect the dopamine (DA) neuron population in the SN, Str, or VTA region or dopamine synthesis in the Str region. We further demonstrated that dopamine release was significantly diminished in the Str region of DRG2 KO mice and that treatment of DRG2 KO mice with l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), a dopamine precursor, rescued the behavioral motor deficiency in DRG2 KO mice as observed with the rotarod test. This is the first report to identify DRG2 as a key regulator of dopamine release from dopamine neurons in the mouse brain.</P>
Global gene expression profile of Orientia tsutsugamushi
Cho, Bon-A,Cho, Nam-Hyuk,Min, Chan-Ki,Kim, Se-Yoon,Yang, Jae-Seong,Lee, Jung Rok,Jung, Jin Woo,Lee, Won-Chul,Kim, Kijeong,Lee, Mi-Kyung,Kim, Sanguk,Kim, Kwang Pyo,Seong, Seung-Yong,Choi, Myung-Sik,Kim WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Proteomics Vol.10 No.8
<P>Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of Scrub typhus. The control mechanisms for bacterial gene expression are largely unknown. Here, the global gene expression of O. tsutsugamushi within eukaryotic cells was examined using a microarray and proteomic approaches for the first time. These approaches identified 643 genes, corresponding to approximately 30% of the genes encoded in the genome. The majority of expressed genes belonged to several functional categories including protein translation, protein processing/secretion, and replication/repair. We also searched the conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) in the O. tsutsugamushi genome which is unique in that up to 40% of its genome consists of dispersed repeated sequences. Although extensive shuffling of genomic sequences was observed between two different strains, 204 CSBs, covering 48% of the genome, were identified. When combining the data of CSBs and global gene expression, the CSBs correlates well with the location of expressed genes, suggesting the functional conservation between gene expression and genomic location. Finally, we compared the gene expression of the bacteria-infected fibroblasts and macrophages using microarray analysis. Some major changes were the downregulation of genes involved in translation, protein processing and secretion, which correlated with the reduction in bacterial translation rates and growth within macrophages.</P>
Kim, Young Dae,Nam, Hyo Suk,Kim, Seo Hyun,Kim, Eung Yeop,Song, Dongbeom,Kwon, Il,Yang, Seung-Hee,Lee, Kijeong,Yoo, Joonsang,Lee, Hye Sun,Heo, Ji Hoe American Heart Association, Inc. 2015 Stroke Vol.46 No.7
<P><B>Background and Purpose—</B></P><P>We investigated the relationship between the degree of thrombus resolution and the time from stroke onset or thrombus formation to intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment.</P><P><B>Methods—</B></P><P>In patients with stroke, we measured thrombus volume on thin-section noncontrast brain computed tomographic scans taken at baseline and 1 hour after tPA administration. We determined the association between the time from symptom onset to tPA treatment and the degree of thrombus resolution. In a C57/BL6 mouse model of FeCl<SUB>3</SUB>-induced carotid artery thrombosis, we investigated the effect of tPA administered at different time intervals after thrombus formation, using Doppler-based blood flow measurement.</P><P><B>Results—</B></P><P>Of 249 patients enrolled, 171 showed thrombus on baseline computed tomography. Thrombus was resolved by ≥50% in 43 patients (25.1%, good volume reduction) and by <50% in 94 patients (55.0%, moderate volume reduction) 1 hour after tPA treatment. In 34 patients (19.9%, nonvolume reduction; either no change or thrombus volume increased), overall thrombus volume increased. The probability of thrombus resolution decreased as the time interval from symptom onset to treatment increased. On multivariate analysis, good volume reduction was independently related with shorter time intervals from symptom onset to tPA treatment (odds ratio, 0.986 per minute saved; 95% confidence interval, 0.974–0.999). In the mouse model, as the interval between thrombus formation and tPA treatment increased, the initiation of recanalization was delayed (<I>P</I>=0.006) and the frequency of final recanalization decreased (<I>P</I> for trends=0.006).</P><P><B>Conclusions—</B></P><P>Early administration of tPA after stroke onset is associated with better thrombus resolution.</P>
Kim, Young Dae,Song, Dongbeom,Nam, Hyo Suk,Choi, Donghoon,Kim, Jung-Sun,Kim, Byeong-Keuk,Chang, Hyuk-Jae,Choi, Hye-Yeon,Lee, Kijeong,Yoo, Joonsang,Lee, Hye Sun,Nam, Chung Mo,Heo, Ji Hoe Yonsei University, College of Medicine 2017 Yonsei medical journal Vol.58 No.1
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Although asymptomatic coronary artery occlusive disease is common in stroke patients, the long-term advantages of undergoing evaluation for coronary arterial disease using multi-detector coronary computed tomography (MDCT) have not been well established in stroke patients. We compared long-term cardio-cerebrovascular outcomes between patients who underwent MDCT and those who did not.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>This was a retrospective study in a prospective cohort of consecutive ischemic stroke patients. Of the 3117 patients who were registered between July 2006 and December 2012, MDCT was performed in 1842 patients [MDCT (+) group] and not in 1275 patients [MDCT (−) group]. Occurrences of death, cardiovascular events, and recurrent stroke were compared between the groups using Cox proportional hazards models and propensity score analyses.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>During the mean follow-up of 38.0±24.8 months, 486 (15.6%) patients died, recurrent stroke occurred in 297 (9.5%), and cardiovascular events occurred in 60 patients (1.9%). Mean annual risks of death (9.34% vs. 2.47%), cardiovascular events (1.2% vs. 0.29%), and recurrent stroke (4.7% vs. 2.56%) were higher in the MDCT (−) group than in the MDCT (+) group. The Cox proportional hazards model and the five propensity score-adjusted models consistently demonstrated that the MDCT (−) group was at a high risk of cardiovascular events (hazard ratios 3.200, 95% confidence interval 1.172–8.735 in 1:1 propensity matching analysis) as well as death. The MDCT (−) group seemed to also have a higher risk of recurrent stroke.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Acute stroke patients who underwent MDCT experienced fewer deaths, cardiovascular events, and recurrent strokes during follow-up.</P>
Kim, Dae-Young,Jung, Sun-Young,Kim, Tae-Woon,Lee, Kwang-Sik,Kim, Kijeong 한국운동재활학회 2015 JER Vol.11 No.2
<P>Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, and it is considered as a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we evaluated whether treadmill exercise ameliorates progression of AD in relation with glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. For this study, step-down avoidance task, immunohistochemistry for glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and tau, and western blot for phosphor-phosphoinositide 3 kinase (p-PI3K)/PI3K and phosphor-Akt (p-Akt)/Akt were performed. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The rats in the exercise groups were made to run on the treadmill for 30 min per one day, five times a week, during 12 weeks. The present results showed that short-term and long-term latencies in the step-down avoidance task were decreased by induction of diabetes, and treadmill exercise inhibited these latencies in the diabetic rats. Induction of diabetes suppressed the ratio of p-PI3K to PI3K and the ratio of p-Akt to Akt, and treadmill exercise increased these ratios in the diabetic rats. The numbers of GSK-3β-positive and tau-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was higher in the diabetes-induction group than that in the control group, and treadmill exercise inhibited these numbers in the diabetic rats. In the present study, treadmill exercise suppressed hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus by decreased GSK-3β activity through PI3K/Akt pathway activation in the diabetic rats. Based on the present results, treadmill exercise may helpful to prevent diabetes-associated AD occurrence.</P>
Kim, Kyung-Yong,Kwon, Younghyuk,Bazarragchaa, Munkhtsetseg,Park, Ae-Ja,Bang, Hyowon,Lee, Won-Bok,Lee, Junyoung,Lee, Kwang-Ho,Kim, Bum-Joon,Kim, Kijeong Springer International ; Springer 2013 International journal of legal medicine Vol.127 No.1
<P>Allelic dropout due to stochastic variation in degraded small quantity DNA appears to be one of the most serious genotyping errors. Most methods require PCR replication to address this problem. The small amounts of valuable samples are often a limitation for such replications. We report a real-time PCR-based amelogonin Y (AMELY) allele dropout estimation model in an AMEL-based gender typing. We examined 915 replicates of AMELY-positive modern male DNA with varying amounts of DNA and humic acid. A male-specific AMEL fragment (AMELy) dropped out in 143 genuine male replicates, leading to gender typing errors. By graphing a scatter plot of the crossing point versus the end cycle fluorescence of the male replicates, a standard graph model for the estimation of the AMELy allele dropout was constructed with the dropout-prone and dropout-free zones. This model was then applied to ancient DNA (aDNA) samples. Nine samples identified as female were found in the dropout-prone zone; with higher DNA concentrations, six were shifted to the dropout-free zone. Among them, two female identifications were converted to male. All the aDNA gender was confirmed by sex-determination region Y marker amplification. Our data suggest that this model could be a basic approach for securing AMELy allele dropout-safe data from the stochastic variation of degraded inhibitory DNA samples.</P>