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PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY CLUSTER EVOLUTION: GALAXY ECOLOGY
Kodama, Tadayuki,Koyama, Yusei,Hayashi, Masao,Ken-ichi, Tadaki The Korean Astronomical Society 2010 天文學論叢 Vol.25 No.3
Taking the great advantage of Subaru's wide field coverage both in the optical and in the near infrared, we have been providing panoramic views of distant clusters and their surrounding environments over the wide redshift range of 0:4 < z < 3. From our unique data sets, a consistent picture has been emerging that the star forming activity is once enhanced and then truncated in galaxy groups in the outskirts of clusters during the course of cluster assembly at z < 1. Such activity is shifted into cluster cores as we go further back in time to z ~ 1.5. At z = 2 - 2.5, we begin to enter the epoch when massive galaxies are actually forming in the cluster core. And by z ~ 3, we eventually go beyond the major epoch of massive galaxy formation. It is likely that the environmental dependence of star forming activity is at least partly due to the external environmental effects such as galaxy-galaxy interaction in medium density regions at z < 1, while the intrinsic effect of galaxy formation bias overtakes the external effect at higher redshifts, resulting in a large star formation activity in the cluster center.
Seasonal variations of Microcystis species and toxic heptapeptide microcystins in Lake Suwa
Ho-Dong Park,Mariyo F. Watanabe,Ken-Ichi Harada,Hidetake Hayashi,Tokio Okino 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1992 環境硏究 Vol.9 No.-
Seasonal changes in species composition of Microcystis and amounts of heptapeptide toxin, microcystins were investigated in Lake Suwa from June to October in 1991. Microcystins-RR and -LR were the main components of the toxins contained in bloom samples of Microcystis in Lake Suwa and YR was not detected at all period and of very little quantity. the high values of microcystins were estimated during the exponential growth phase of the bloom, June to 20 July. The highest amount of microcystins-RR and -LR were 121 and 81.6 u g per 100mg cells estimated on 20 July 1991, respectively. The high amounts of toxins were estimated while M. aeruginosa predominated. Meanwhile the lower amounts estimated during the period M. viridis predominated. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration may well affect the dominance of M. aeruginosa and M. viridis. Accordingly, the toxins of microcystis may be associated with the DIN concentration.