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( Oscar Gutierrez Sancho ),( Jose Moncada Jimenez ),( Walter Salazar Rojas ),( Ellyn Robinson ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2006 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.18 No.2
Creatine supplementation has been widely used for athletes and in some studies it has been proved effective; however, there remain some moderator variables that still require meta-analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct such an analysis on the effects of creatine supplementation on biochemical, body composition, and physical performance variables. From a total of 120 experimental studies found in databases, only 55 studies (46 %) were considered appropriate and/or contained the necessary information to obtain effect sizes. Creatine supplementation produced biochemical changes, including increases in excretion parameters. Anthropometric variables, body fat percentage, and lean mass were favorably changed by creatine supplementation. Improved peak power, total work, force power, and a maximal repetition (1RM) were also found following creatine supplementation. There was an evident placebo effect in the variables meta-analyzed; however, there was a clear increase in total work beyond the placebo effect. In summary, creatine supplementation consistently showed positive biochemical, body composition, and power changes in humans.
Consumption of an "Energy Drink" does not Improve Aerobic Performance in Male Athletes
( Monica Umana Alvarado ),( Jose Moncada Jimenez ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2005 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.17 No.2
Energy drinks differ from sport drinks in their composition and purpose; sports drinks are consumed primarily to replenish carbohydrate and electrolytes loss during exercise, while energy drinks are used to stimulate the central nervous system in activities different than sports. The main purpose of the study was to determine if the intake of a commercially available energy drink enhanced motor performance in male athletes. A double-blind, randomized-crossover study was carried on 11 athletes who completed two 10 km cross-country races. Subjects drank 6 ml·kg-1 body mass of an energetic drink or a placebo beverage 30 min before the race. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance, repeated measures t-student, and McNemar χ2 tests on the dependent variables, urine specific gravity, ratings of perceived exertion, heart rate, gastrointestinal symptoms, and performance time. The results indicated that no significant differences were found between mean racing times; however, ratings of perceived exertion were significantly lower when participants ingested the energy drink (energy drink= 7.02 ± 1.21 vs. placebo = 8.01 ± 0.75) (p < .05). No significant associations were found between the energy drink or the placebo and gastrointestinal symptoms. Finally, no specific personality type was related to the placebo effect. In conclusion, even though athletes did not improve their racing times when consuming the energy drink, their perceived exertion was lower during the running trials.
( Gerardo A. Araya Vargas ),( Sherry Gapper Morrow ),( Jose Moncada Jimenez ),( Janet Buckworth ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2009 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.21 No.1
The purposes of the study were to (1) translate the Mindful Awareness Attention Scale (MAAS) (Brown & Ryan, 2003) into Spanish and (2) make adjustments for its application to research in exercise psychology, sport and health. For the translation and transcultural validation, the Spanish version (T4) of the MAAS scale was reviewed by 100 advanced students and professors of Physical Education of the Universidad de Costa Rica. Next, T4 and the original English MAAS were completed by 58 students of the Master`s program in Translation of the Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica). The scales were randomly applied at the beginning and at the end of a three-hour class. Internal consistency measured by Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was adequate (a=0.88 T4 and α=0.84 original). Scores from the two versions were significantly correlated (r=0.94; p<0.01) and were not different (t=0.73; p>0.05). Thus it was found that the Spanish version of the MAAS is sufficiently valid and reliable to be implemented in research in exercise psychology, sports and health. Further studies must test construct validity of the Spanish version of the MAAS.