일반논문 : 노자상이주(老子想爾注) 양생윤리 -양생의 시대적 변용이라는 관점에서-

정우진 ( Woo Jin Jung ),문석윤 ( Suk Yoon Moon ) 동양철학연구회 2013 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.75 No.-

본고는 『상이주』에 보이는 생명과 윤리의 논리를 양생윤리라는 개념으로 포착하고, 그것을 양생론의 시대적 변용이라는 관점에서 고찰한 연구의 결과물이다. 외척, 환관정치로 인해 생명이 피폐해지고 社의 권위가 흔들린 후한대의 상황은 개인적 차원에 머물러 있던 양생에 사회화를 요구했고, 그 결과 양생은 윤리와 결합하게 되었다. 감정을 중요한 생명의 단서로 생각하고, 감정의 유로를 생명의 소실로 보는 기존의 전통 윤리적 관념은, 양생윤리의 배경이 되었다. 『상이주』 양생윤리의 전모는 『正統道藏30冊』 543쪽에 실려 있는 ``道 德尊經戒``에 보인다. 도덕존경계에는 『도덕경』 등에 보이는 퇴양과 인순의 지혜가 담겨 있기 때문에, 『상이주』 도계는 지혜의 격언과 도덕규범 이 혼재된 것이었음을 알 수 있다. 이 점은 『상이주』가 『도덕경』 주석서 형태를 띠고 있다는 점, 또 『도덕경』의 가르침이 도덕규범으로 발전할 소지가 있었다는 점 등으로 설명될 수 있다. 『상이주』 양생윤리는 감정의 안정을 추구하던 전통적 양생론과 달랐다. 그러므로 마음의 안정을 지향하던 전통윤리와는 다른, 생명과 윤리를 연결하는 별도의 기제가 요구되었다. 『상이주』의 저자는 선악판단과 수명의 심판자인 天曹, 수명의 증감을 기록한 계약서라는 관념 그리고 尸解라는 독특한 죽음관을 적절히 이용해서 ``선악-천조의 관할-생명의 증감``이라는 논리를 만들었다. 이 배후에는 감정적 동요는 도덕적 악의 상태에 해당한다는 전통적 윤리관이 전제되어 있다. 결국 『상이주』 양생윤리는 감정의 안정을 추구하던 전통윤리, 그리고 전통윤리의 배후에 있던 생명과 윤리의 결합이라는 관념이 당시의 민중 신앙과 섞여 만들어진 양생론이자 민중종교 윤리였던 셈이다. Nurturing life is one of the most important thoughts in ancient china. Xiang Er Zhu is the bible of Wou Dou Mi Tu(五斗米徒). I investigated Xiang Er Zhu from the perspective of Nurturing Life in this treatise. Nurturing Life first shown in Zhuang Zi(莊子) and Guan Zi(管子) had developed through Qin Hin(秦漢) period and changed itself in accordance with the demand of age. This change can be told to be the development of Nurturing Life Theory. In post han period, Nurturing Life Theory had to fit itself into the age request, socialization. Nurturing Life Ethic in Xiang Er Zhu is the response to the request. China had some thoughts of the original form of Nurturing Life Ethic. Tai Ping Jing(太平經) is one of them. But the oldest model we can find would be in Guan Zi. In Guan Zi, we can find the thought that feeling stability cause health of mind and body. Nurturing Life in Xiang Er Zhu formed on the foundation of that thought. But it did not follow the same logic. It borrowed such concepts as Tai Yin(太陰), Tian Cao(天曹) from folk religion. Folk religion was familiar with the chinese and had the power to enforce moral behavior. People should keep Dao Jie(道誡) not to lessen his life by punishment of Tian Cao. But Zao Shen(조神) or San Shi(三尸) that report guilty of person to Tian Cao in Daoism Ethic is not in Xiang Er Zhu. Instead, Xiang Er Zhu proposed the technique of Shi Jie(尸解), revival from death. Nurturing Life Ethic in Xiang Er Zhu is folk religion ethic founded on the traditional ethic orienting feeling stability and the cohesion of life and ethic behind traditional ethic.

태권도 체육관 및 수련생 특성에 따른 지도자 만족도 분석

최상진,백우석,조옥성 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

This study is aims to suggest the basic data providing various services for the trainees in Taekwondo training centers. The subject of this study were the training centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. And this study used the questionnaires used by Kim Seon-Hwa(2000), Kim O-Seong(2001), Kim Eun-Cheol(2001) and I added several qustions that were considered to be necessary for this study. In addition, I analyzed the data from 904 trainees randomly selected and computerized the results to fit for the purpose of this study using Windows SPSS/PC+ 10.0 Version. This study concluded as follows. 1) The leaders' satisfaction by area were a taekwondo training center was located, was significant difference in p<0.001. 2) The leaders' satisfaction by shopping mall were a taekwondo training center was located, was significant difference in p<0.01. 3) The leaders' satisfaction by the numbers of trainers was significant difference in p<0.001. 4) The leaders' satisfaction by sex distinction was significant difference in p<0.01. 5) The leaders' satisfaction by the grade of trainers was not significant difference. 6) The leaders' satisfaction by level of trainers was significant difference in p<0.01.

Angle Ⅱ級 不正交合者의 顎顔面骨格 特性에 關한 硏究

李鎭宇,車敬石 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1990 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

This investigation was designed to categorize Angle's class Ⅱ malocclusion groups through analyzing horizontal and vertical components of craniofacial skeleton in Angle's class Ⅱ malocclusion. The material selected for this study consisted in standard lateral cephalogram of two hundred and twenteen children, eighty eight boys and one hundred twenty four girls, aged 6 through 18 years, having Angle's class Ⅱ malocclusion. On the basis of findings of this study, the following results were obtained. 1. In horizontal skeletal classifications, 16 groups were classified according to FMN-A-B, SE-FMN-A, Ba-SEM-Me, Ba-Se/Ra P. The sequences that have relatively high frequency are as follows: a) Horizontal Group 16 b) Horizontal Group 12 c) Horizontal Group 13 d) Horizontal Group 9 & 15 2. In vertical skeletal classification, 8 groups were classified according to the PMV/PP, PMV/Occ. P. PMV/Mn. P. The sequences that relatively high frequency are as follows; a) Vertical Group A b) Vertical Group D c) Vertical Group C d) Vertical Group H 3. In vertical and horizontal skeletal classifications, the sequence that relatively high frequency are as follows; a) Group 13-A b) Group 16-A & 9-A c) Group 12-A & 15-A d) Group 16-C

면역성 혈소판감소성 자반증 및 호중구감소증을 동반한 궤양성 대장염 2예

남승우,양석균,김진천,지현숙,김우건,정훈용,박주상,홍원선,민영일 大韓消化器病學會 1999 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Angle Ⅱ級 不正交合者의 顎顔面骨格 特性에 關한 硏究

李鎭宇,車敬石 대한치과교정학회 1991 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.21 No.1

This investigation was designed to categorize Angle's class Ⅱ malocclusion groups through analyzing horizontal and vertical components of craniofacial skeleton in Angle's class Ⅱ malocclusion. The material selected for this study consisted in standard lateral cephalogram of two hundred and twenteen children, eighty eight boys and one hundred twenty four girls, aged 6 through 18 years, having Angle's class Ⅱ malocclusion. On the basis of findings of this study, the following results were obtained. 1.In horizontal skeletal classifications, 16 groups were classified according to FMN-A-B, SEFMN-A, Ba-SE-Me, Ba-Se/Ra P. The sequences that have relatively high frequency are as follows: a)Horizontal Group 16 b)Horizontal Group 12 c)Horizontal Group 13 d)Horizontal Group 9 & 15 2.In vertical skeletal classification, 8 groups were classified according to the PMV/PP, PMV/Occ.P.PMV/Mn.P. The sequences that relatively high frequency are as follows; a)Vertical Group A b)Vertical Group D c)Vertical Group C d)Vertical Group H 3.In vertical and horizontal skeletal classifications, the sequence that relatively high frequency are as follows; a)Group 13-A b)Group 16-A & 9-A c)Group 12-A & 15-A d)Group 16-C

소각잔사 중의 클로로벤젠과 클로로페놀의 함량 및 이성체 분포특성

이우근,심영숙,김진범 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

Chlorobenzens(CBs) and chlorophenols(CPs) in fly asha discharged from several municipal soild waste incinerators (MSWI) were investigated in terms of total content and isomer distribution. The content of CBs and CPs was highest in the fly ash from S incinerator, which were 1040.7ngCB/g-fly ash and 1156.4ngCP/g-fly ash. According to the experimental results, while all samples contained a large amount of the higher chlorinated CBs the amount of lower chlorinated CPs varied with season It was found that the isomer distribution of CBs and CPs was almost constant regardless of season. The quantities of CBs and CPs depended closely on the chemical composition of MSW, while the isomer distribution of CBs and CPs was contant throughout all the year round.

치약내 항세균제의 효과 평가를 위한 미생물학적 모델

이광우,홍석진 전남대학교 치과대학 1999 전남치대논문집 Vol.11 No.1

A number of antiplaque agents have been available in dentifrices to decrease the bacterial number of dental plaque. S. mutans and L. casei were most closely associated with caries in humans. We have previously studied the in vitro mono-cultured microbial model. This study was performed to advance this model to the di-cultured microbial model into be suitable for testing the effect of dentifrices containing antiplaque agents, and to evaluate the efficacy of the di-cultured microbial model. S. mutans and L.casei were cultured in tryptic soy broth medium for 14 hours at 37℃, 5% CO_2. These bacteria were at the exponential phase for 12 hours. After culturing for 12 hours, the density was 7.57 Log_10CFU/ml for S. mutans, 7.51 Log_10CFU/ml for L. casei, and the optical density at 540 nm was 0.359, 0.258, respectively. These bacteria were cultured in TS-MRS broth medium with 5% sucrose according to the mixed ratio of 1:1, 1:1/100, and 1/100:1 for each bacterium. The growth of S. mutans and L.casei was not disturbed each other in the mixed culture, being the same growth rate as mono-cultures. Therefore, we selected the same density of bacteria in the mixed culture. Incipient caries lesion was created by the solution containing 0.1M lactic acid, 0.2% carbopol, and 50% saturated HAP for 44 hours at 37℃. Specimen was selected in the range of 25VHN - 45VHN. Salivary pellicle was formed by immerging in human whole saliva for 24 hours. Plaque was formed on the enamel surface by the mixed culture in TS-MRS with 5% sucrose for 3 days. This medium contained the salivary salt or not, and the interval of medium change was 8 hours or 12 hours. Specimen hardness did not significantly changed and the density of bacteria adhered to enamel surface was 6.30±0.19 Log_10CFU/㎟ for S. mutans, 5.04±0.55 Log_10CFU/㎟ for L.casei when medium with the salivary salt was changed at 8 hours interval for 3 days. Salivary pellicle was formed on the enamel specimens at the above condition. Treatment regimens were a placebo, 1,100ppm F NaF/silica dentifrice, and 1,100ppm F NaF/silica plus 0.3% triclosan dentifrice. Artificial saliva contained gastric mucin(0.22%), NaCl(0.038%), CaCl_2˚2H_2O(0.0213%), KH_2PO_4(0.0738%), and KCl(0.1114%). The specimens were treated with the artificial saliva, mixed whole saliva and dentifrice, and TS-MRS broth with 5% sucrose sequentially according to the microbial cyclic sequence for 15 days. The delta VHNs of specimens treated with 1,100ppm F NaF/silica dentifrice plus 0.3% triclosan were statistically higher than those treated with 1,100ppm F NaF/silica dentifrice or placebo dentifrice. And S. mutans was fewer adhered to those treated with 1,100ppm F NaF/silica dentifrice plus 0.3% triclosan than those treated with placebo dentifrice. L. casei was fewer adhered to those treated with 1,100ppm F NaF/silica dentifrice plus 0.3% triclosan than those treated with1,100ppm F NaF/silica dentifrice or placebo dentifrice. In conclusion, it is suggested that the in vitro di-cultured microbial pH cycling model used in this study may be suitable for testing the effect of the dentifrices containing antiplaque agents.

우리나라에서 분리되는 Haemophilus influenzae의 9종 항균제에 대한 시험관내 감수성

장우현,최명식,석종성,정윤섭,서진태 대한화학요법학회 1989 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.7 No.2

To assess the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of H. influenzae in Korea, a total of 238 isolates were tested for their in vitro susceptibitlity to ampicillin and cefaclor by disc diffusion and 105 isolates were tested against nine antimicrobial agents-by the agar dilution method recommended by NCCLS. The antimicrobial agents sued for testing were ampicillin (Sigma A-9518, U.S.S.), cefaclor (Daewoong Lilly, Korea), cephalexin (Sigma C-4895, U.S.A.), cephradine (Sigma C-8395, U.S.A.), cephalothin (Sigma C-4520, U.S.A.), cefadroxil (Sigma C-7020, U.S.A.), erythromycin (Sigma E-6376, U.S.A.), teracycline (Sigma T-3383, U.S.A.) and cefatrizine (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Korea). The isolation rate of H. influenzae from various clinical samples was 18.9%. Using the disc diffusion test, the resisant rates to ampicillin and cefaclor were shown to be 21.9% and 3.4%, respectively. Among the 52 ampicillin-resistant strains, 42 were susceptible to cefaclor (80.8%), and only two strains wre resistant. The MIS_(s) of ampicillin ranged from <0.125 ㎍/㎖ to >128 ㎍/㎖, and its MIC_(90) was 1 ㎍/㎖. Ampicillin showed the lowst MIC_(90) among the tested antivicrobial agents. The MIC_(90) of the tested cephalosporins ranged from 9.2㎍/㎖ to > 128. Among them, cefaclor showed the lowest MIC_(90) and its MIC_(90) was 9.2 ㎍/㎖. The MIC_(90) of tetracycline and erythromycin were 2.5 ㎍/㎖ and 14.4 ㎍/㎖, respectively. By the MIC, the resistant for ampicillin, cefalor, cephalexin, cephracine, cephalothin, cefadroxil, erythromycin, tetracycline and cefatrizine were 9.5%, 1.9%, 61.9%, 76.2%, 3.8%, 68.6%, 65.7%, 13.3% and 5.7%, respectively. There was no evidence that the MIC_(s) of cefaclor for the ampicillin-resistant strains differed significantly from those of cefaclor obtained with the ampicillin-susceptible strains. Except two islates, all of the multiple-esistant strains of H. influenzae were suceptible to cefaclor.

구조방정식모형의 이론 및 적용

김석우,최태진 부산대학교 사범대학 1998 교사교육연구 Vol.36 No.-

The purpose of this study aims to review the theoretical perspective and an applied example of structural equation model(SEM). Structural equation model consists of two parts, which are measurement model and structural model. The measurement model describes the causal link between latent variable and observed variables. The structural model encompasses the structural equations that summarize the relationships among latent variables. The analytical procedures for testing the theoretical model in the structural equation model are as follows: model specification, model identification, parameter estimation, model evaluation, and model modification via goodness of fit index. Regression models, path models, and factor models can be incorporated into the common framework of the structural equation model. However, even with the power and flexibility of the structural equation model, a number of limitations still remain, which are the sample size, the random sampling of data, distribution and characteristic of observed variables, etc.

교정선의 종류, 결찰방법, 타액의 유무에 따른 마찰력의 비교연구

한정숙,이진우,차경석 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.2

치아에 부착된 bracket이 교정선을 따라 이동할때 필연적으로 bracket과 교정선, 결찰재 사이에 마찰력이 발생된다. 이에 저자는 동일한 bracket내에서 교정선의 종류, 결찰방법, 건조와 타액상태에 따른 마찰력 차이, 타액의 윤활제로서의 기능을 살펴보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하게 되었다. 본 실험에 사용된 bracket은 .018"× .025" slot의 상악 견치용 standard edgewise bracket(RMO. USA)이며, 교정선은 .016" , .016" × .022" 크기의 Cobalt-chromium(Elgiloy . RMO. USA), Nickel-titanium(Ni-Ti) (ORTHOLLOY : Goldstar Cable Co. KOREA), Beta- titanium(TMA : ORMCO Co., USA)의 2가지형태의 3종을 이용하여 활주할때의 마찰력을 만능시험기(Instron, M 1000 EC)를 사용하여 계측하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.각각의 동일조건하에서 교정전의 재질에 따른 마찰력은 Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, β-Ti순으로 증가하였다. 단, 타액상태에서 elastomeric으로 결찰한 .016" 군에서는 예외이다. 2.각 조건하(건조/타액상태, .016" /.016" × .022" ) 에서 결찰방법에 따른 마찰력은 elastomeric보다 stainless steel 결찰에서 더 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). 3.각각의 교정선과 결찰방법에서 타액 유무에 따른 마찰력은 stainless steel로 결찰한 .016" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, β-Ti는 타액상태에서 감소하나, stainless steel로 결찰한 .016" × .022" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, β-Ti는 타액상태에서 증가하였다(p<0.05). 4.각 조건하(건조/타액상태, elastomeric/stainless steel결찰) .016" 과 .016" × .O22" 교정선 사이의 마찰력은 .016" × .022" 교정선에서 증가하였다(p<0.05). The purpose of this study was fourfold - to evaluate the general laws of friction applied to orthodontic conditions, to compare archwire materials under these controlled conditions, to compare ligation method, and to measure the effect of the artificial saliva on friction with these materials Three wire alloys (Cobalt-chromium, Nickel-titanium, Beta-titanium) in two size wires (.016" ,.016" × .022" ) were examined respect to the bracket (0.18 × .025" standard), and two ligature material (stainless steel, elastomeric) in dry and wer conditions The result were as follows, 1.The order of frictional force against alloy materials was Co-Cr (lowest), Ni-Ti, and β -Ti(highest) - with the exception of elastomeric ligation under wet conditions. 2.S.S. ligation gave rise to significantly greater friction than elastomeric ligation did. 3.Testing in the presence of saliva, rather than in dry conditions, decreased the frictional force for S.S. ligation with .016" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, β -Ti. but, increased the frictional force for 5.5. ligation with .016" × .022" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, β-Ti. 4.016" ×.022 " wire generated more friction than .016" wire.