Antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic efficacy of apatinib in liver cancer evaluated by multimodality molecular imaging

Jie Tian,Qian Liang,Lingxin Kong,Yang Du,Xu Zhu 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Sorafenib is the standard first-line treatment for advanced HCC, but its efficacy is limited. Apatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown promising antitumor effects in gastric and non-small cell lung cancers in clinical trials, but there have been only a few studies reporting its anti-HCC effects in vitro and in HCC xenograft models. Hence, our present study systemically investigated and compared the antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic efficacy of apatinib and sorafenib in HCC in vitro and in vivo using multimodality molecular imaging, including bioluminescence imaging (BLI), bioluminescence tomography (BLT), fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI), and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Moreover, the safety and side effects of the two drugs were systemically evaluated. We found that apatinib showed a comparable therapeutic efficacy to sorafenib for the inhibition of HCC. The drug safety evaluation revealed that both of these drugs caused hypertension and mild liver and kidney damage. Sorafenib caused diarrhea, rash, and weight loss in mice, but these effects were not observed in mice treated with apatinib. In conclusion, apatinib has similar antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic efficacy as sorafenib in HCC with less toxicity. These findings may provide preclinical evidence supporting the potential application of apatinib for the treatment of HCC patients.

Chemerin/CMKLR1 pathway exacerbates cisplatin-induced spiral ganglion neuron injury

Tian Jie,Mu Ying,Ma Lili 한국독성학회 2024 Toxicological Research Vol.40 No.1

This study investigated whether chemerin/chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) pathway participate in cisplatin‐induced spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) damage. Middle cochlear turn was collected from C57BL/6 mice and the SGNs were cultured. Cisplatin, 2-(anaphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA), or recombinant mouse chemerin was added into the medium for the treatment. Relative mRNA and protein expression was determined by RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot, respectively. In cultured mouse cochlear SGNs, the treatment of cisplatin enhanced the secretion of chemerin and CMKLR1. Recombinant chemerin promoted but α-NETA inhibited chemerin/CMKLR1 pathway in cisplatin stimulated SGNs. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis and inflammation response in SGNs were enhanced by recombinant chemerin while inhibited by α-NETA. Recombinant chemerin promoted but α-NETA inhibited NF-κB signal in cisplatin stimulated SGNs. In conclusion, chemerin/CMKLR1 pathway regulated apoptosis and inflammation response in cisplatin-induced SGN injury through NF-κB signaling pathway.

Multi-objective Optimization of a Hydrogen-Battery Hybrid Storage System for Offshore Wind Farm Using MOPSO

Tian Tian,Ma Zetao,Cui Qiong,Shu Jie,Tan Lei,Wang Hao 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.6

Recently, offshore wind farms (OWFs) are gaining more and more attention for its high efficiency and yearly energy production capacity. However, the power generated by OWFs has the drawbacks of intermittence and fluctuation, leading to the deterioration of electricity grid stability and wind curtailment. Energy storage is one of the most important solutions to smooth the wind power and capture its surplus. In this paper, we provide a multi-objective optimization approach that combines multi-objective particle swarm optimization and rule-based energy management strategy for an on-gird offshore wind-hydrogen-battery system to simultaneously address the economic (Eco), the qualified rate of smoothing offshore wind power fluctuations (QRS), and the rate of offshore wind power curtailment (ROC). Results revealed that ROC and Eco, QRS and Eco are negatively correlated, but ROC and QRS are positively correlated. The hybrid storage system is more conducive to improve QRS and reduce ROC. Comparing with other three systems, the improvement range for ROC is between 13.6 and 46% when QRS is 100%. In addition, battery storage improves QRS by 2.6%, hydrogen storage deteriorates Eco by 86.8% and improve ROC by 38.5%, the change of ROC and QRS brings by transmission project are close to 100% and 4.4%.

한중일에서의 법적 제제의 최신 동향 위험사회에서 형법의 지위 (번역문)

( Hong Jie Tian ),張元慶 아세아여성법학회 2013 아세아여성법학 Vol.16 No.-

New Issues on Legal Sanction in Korea, China and Japan Position of Criminal Law in Risk Society

( Hong Jie Tian ) 아세아여성법학회 2013 아세아여성법학 Vol.16 No.-

Risk society is not only a cognitive theory at the cultural level, but also features on its reflection significance at the political level and its reconfiguration connotation at the institutional level. Thus, any interpretation or analysis made from any single aspect for the risk society is unavoidably unilateral and single-track. The features of the risk society are increasingly prominent in modem society, which indicates the insufficiencies of the central governance capacity of the State and the failure of rigid governance mode created by laws. Therefore, facing the challenges of the risk society, no matter the adjustments on the governance structure or the society and reforms on the governance mode of the State, are continuously in pursuit of rational limitation of powers of the State, scientific configuration of multi-governance mechanism and firm defending for position of restraint of criminal law, rather than reinforcement of the power of the State and active expansion of function of criminal law.

PKM2 Regulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and Migration upon EGFR Activation

Fan, Fang-Tian,Shen, Cun-Si,Tao, Li,Tian, Chao,Liu, Zhao-Guo,Zhu, Zhi-Jie,Liu, Yu-Ping,Pei, Chang-Song,Wu, Hong-Yan,Zhang, Lei,Wang, Ai-Yun,Zheng, Shi-Zhong,Huang, Shi-Le,Lu, Yin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5

Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was first found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its expression has been thought to correlate with prognosis. A large number of studies have demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated metastasis, resulting in enhanced malignancy of HCC. However, the roles of PKM2 in HCC EMT and metastasis remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of PKM2 in EGF-induced HCC EMT and elucidate the molecular mechanisms in vitro. Our results showed that EGF promoted EMT in HCC cell lines as evidenced by altered morphology, expression of EMT-associated markers, and enhanced invasion capacity. Furthermore, the present study also revealed that nuclear translocation of PKM2, which is regulated by the ERK pathway, regulated ${\beta}$-catenin-TCF/LEF-1 transcriptional activity and associated EMT in HCC cell lines. These discoveries provide evidence of novel roles of PKM2 in the progression of HCC and potential therapeutic target for advanced cases.

알루미늄전극과 산화철 여과를 이용한 하수 방류수 내 인의 제거

전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),임현숙 ( Hyun Sook Lim ),변병수 ( Byeong Su Byun ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2014 建設技術論文集 Vol.33 No.1

인은 하천, 호소의 부영영화의 주요한 영양소이다. 2013년부터 하수 방류수 내 인은 2.0mg/L에서 0.2mg/L로 강화된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 알루미늄전극과 산화철 여과지로 하수 방류수 내 인 제거 실험을 수행하였다. 최적인자 도출을 위한 다양한 회분식 실험은 인공폐수를 사용하여 수행하였다. 알루이늄전극 전기분해에 대한 최적 전압과 HRT는 유입 인 농도 0.5~2.0mg/L에서 각각 20V, 120sec이었다. 따라서, 이때의 인 제거효율은 97.3%이었다. 알루미늄전극 전기분해와 산화철 여과에 의한 실제 하수 방류수 연속 운전에서는 인 제거효율이 각각 82.9%, 87.3%이었다. 결과적으로 알루미늄전극 전기분해와 산화철 여과지에서 98%의 안정적인 인 제거로 하수 방류가 가능하였다. 이러한 조합인 제거 공정은 0.2mg/L의 배출기준을 만족하엿다. Phosphorus is an important nutrient causing the eutrophication which decreases the valuse of rivers, lakes and estuaries. From 2013, the sewage effluent standard of the phosphorus is planning to strengthen from 2.0mg/L to 0.2mg/L. In this paper, the alurninium electrode and oxidized iron filtration were tested for the removal of phosphorus in sewage effluent. Several batch tests were also performed using the artificial wastewater to find the optimum operating conditions. Optimal voltge and HRT(hydraulic retention time)for aluminium electroysis were 20V and 120sec at influent phosphorus of 0.6~2.0mg/L, respectively. In these conditions, the phosphorus removal efficiency was 97.3%. On the continuous operation of the aluminium electrolysis and oxidized iron filtration with actual sewage effluent the phosphorus removal efficiency were 82.9% and 87.3%, respectively. Finally, stable 98% phosphorus removal was possible from the effluent of sewage with both aluminium electrode and oxidized iron filtration. These combined phosphorus removal processes are suitable to meet the effluent standards, 0.2mg/L.

혐기성 하수처리공정에서 UASB HRT에 따른 유기물질 제거특성

전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),임현숙 ( Hyun Suk Lim ),이봉규 ( Bong Gyu Lee ),임병서 ( Byung Seo Lim ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 한국수처리학회 2014 한국수처리학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The effect of UASB HRT (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket hydraulic retention time) on the removal of organic matter was investigated in a UASB-ABF (aerated bio-filter) anaerobic sewage treatment system at 3 different HRTs (72, 25 and 3hr). 30% of the influent TCOD was SCOD, and the last 70% was SSCOD of the raw sewage flowing into the primary sedimentation basin. 82% of the influent TCOD was removed in 72 hr UASB(caseⅠ), and 78mL of methane gas was produced per removed grams of COD. Similar TCOD removal occurred in caseⅡ, the UASB HRT of 25hr, while 71% of the influent TCOD was removed in caseⅢ, with a UASB HRT of 3hr. Methane gas did not produced enough to be measured in both caseⅡ and caseⅢ. Unlike TCOD removal, SS and turbidity removal occurred effectively in caseⅢ. About 40% of influent SCOD was removed by UASB at caseⅠ and caseⅡ, however, little SCOD was removed in caseⅢ. Almost 70% of influent TCOD was wasted as the raw sludge from UASB in caseⅢ.

UASB-ABF 공정 내 알루미늄 첨가에 따른 질소 및 인 제거 효율 평가

전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),임현숙 ( Hyun Suk Lim ),변병수 ( Byeong Su Byun ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2014 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2014 No.-

마그네슘 및 칼슘 이온이 알루미늄 응집에 의한 인 제거에 미치는 영향

전동걸(Dong Jie Tian),이범(Beom Lee),이영주(Young Ju Lee),전항배(Hang Bae Jun) 大韓環境工學會 2011 대한환경공학회지 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 알루미늄 응집에 의한 인 제거 공정에 마그네슘 및 칼슘과 같은 2가의 금속이온을 첨가하였을 경우 인의 응집특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 인을 제거하기 위한 최적 알루미늄 응집 pH는 약 5~6 사이이며, 그 이상 pH에서는 TP 제거효율이 감소하였다. 마그네슘이나 칼슘과 같은 2가의 금속이온을 알루미늄 응집공정에 함께 사용할 경우 pH 6 이상에서도 TP 및 HnPO₄(n-3) 제거효율은 안정적으로 95% 이상을 유지하였다. 응집초기 Al³⁺/HnPO₄(n-3) (Al/P) 몰비가 3 이상에서 TP 제거효율이 80% 이상 높게 유지되었으며, 응집 후 잔류 TP 농도를 0.2 mg/L 이하로 제어하기 위해서는 Al/P 몰비는 약 6 이상이었다. 마그네슘이나 칼슘 이온을 알루미늄 응집공정에 함께 사용할 경우 TP 제거를 위한 최적의 알루미늄 대비 마그네슘 및 칼슘 이온의 몰비(Al³⁺/Mg2+ or CA₂+)는 모두 2이었다. 알루미늄 응집공정에 마그네슘이나 칼슘 이온을 함께 사용하면, 동일한 양의 TP를 제거하기 위한 알루미늄 응집제 주입량이 감소하였고, 결과적으로 최종 슬러지 발생량도 감소하였다. The effects of magnesium and calcium ions on phosphorus removal by aluminium coagulation were investigated with various jar tests using settled raw sewage. Maximum TP (total phosphate) removal occurred at pH around 5~6 with aluminium coagulation, and it decreased above pH 6. TP and HnPO₄(n-3) removal efficiencies, however, were kept above 95% at pH above 6 by adding the divalent metallic ions like magnesium or calcium ions on aluminium coagulation process. At molar ratio of Al/P (Al³⁺/HnPO₄(n-3)) above 3, TP removal efficiency was as high as 80%, and residual TP less than 0.2 mg/L occurred at Al/P ratio above 6. TP removal efficiency was improved by adding magnesium or calcium ions and the optimum Al³⁺/Mg2+ and Al³⁺/CA₂+ ratios were about 2. The required dose of aluminium coagulant was reduced for equivalent amount of TP removal by adding magnesium or calcium ions, as a result sludge generation was also reduced.