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      • KCI등재

        Association between Ultrasonography Findings and Abnormal Karyotypes in Early Pregnancy Loss

        ( Jaeyoung Pae ),( Jaeyoung Park ),( Sinyoung Kim ),( Rayon Kim ),( Jeongha Wie ),( Hyun Sun Ko ),( In Yang Park ),( Jong Chul Shin ) 대한주산의학회 2020 Perinatology Vol.31 No.2

        Objective: Chromosomal abnormality in the fetus is a major cause of early pregnancy loss (EPL). It is considered that maternal age is a risk factor of chromosomal abnormality in the fetus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between ultrasonography findings and abnormal karyotypes in EPL. Methods: This retrospective analysis assessed 217 cases of EPL occurring between 2009 and 2018, which have the results of cytogenetic analysis following miscarriage, as well as the ultrasonography finding. The correlations between the ultrasonography findings and the karyotypes were evaluated. Results: Of the 217 cases, after excluding cases with no mitotic cells, karyotypes analysis was performed in 190 cases. The overall rate of abnormal karyotypes was 32.1% (61/190). Mean maternal age was significantly higher in the abnormal karyotype group (35.66±4.22 vs. 33.79±4.02 years, respectively, P=0.006). The embryo/gestational sac ratios was significantly smaller in the abnormal karyotype group (0.3±0.18 vs. 0.43±0.3, P=0.022). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, smaller embryo/gestational sac ratios (≤0.4) was a significant risk factor of abnormal karyotype (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.086-5.437, P=0.031), after the adjustment with the number of previous abortion. The chromosomal abnormality rate was significantly higher in male miscarriage (adjusted OR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.003-5.443, P=0.049). Conclusion: By identifying a predictive factor of chromosomal abnormalities in embryonic abortion, this study presented ultrasonography findings to consider cytogenetic analysis and an easy-to-use cut off value, small embryo/gestational sac ratio (≤0.4) at a patient’s request of chromosomal study in the fetus.

      • KCI등재

        Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines and Pregnancy: Present and Future

        ( Jaeyoung Pae ),( Hyun Sun Ko ) 대한주산의학회 2021 Perinatology Vol.32 No.3

        Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) infection has shown higher morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, compared to non pregnant women. Until June 2021, among COVID-19 vaccines, two types of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines and two types of virus vector vaccines have been available in Korea. However, because pregnant women have been excluded in the preauthorization clinical trials, most countries suggested that pregnant women need to counsel risks of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 complications, and the benefits and risks of COVID-19 vaccines, at the initial stage of vaccination. In Korea, any COVID-19 vaccine has not been authorized in pregnant women. However, clinical data continuously demonstrate high morbidities and mortality of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, as well as pregnancy complications including preterm delivery, which can affect neonatal outcomes. After the authorization of COVID-19 vaccines, safety outcome data in pregnant women has been increased. Therefore, recent guidelines of COVID-19 vaccine for pregnant women have been updated, in developed countries. Most guidelines suggest that pregnant women should not be excluded from the COVID-19 vaccination, especially in women with old age, underlying disease, or obesity. Based on the updated data about COVID-19 clinical outcomes in pregnant women and information from clinical trials and from data collected vaccinated pregnant women, strategy and guidelines from multidisciplinary cooperation by government and medical professionals in the department of infection, maternal fetal medicine, and neonatology are ungently required to protect pregnant women and neonates in Korea, in the present and future.

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