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( George Chan ),( Steve Chao ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2017 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.37
중국에서 운영되는 브랜드 소유자에게 위조는 계속해서 문제가 되어 왔으나, 중국의 지식 재산권 집행에 대한 개선 인식은 부족한 경향이 있다. 사실 지식 재산권(IPR)은 혁신의 핵심 동력이고, 지식 기반 경제의 토대인 만큼 중국에서 적용되고 주장되는 빈도가 늘고 있다. 중국 정부는 지식 재산권 집행 및 위조 방지 개선에 상당한 자원과 관심을 집중하면서, 지식 재산권에 기반을 둔 현대식의 경제 체계 수립이라는 목표를 실현하기를 희망한다. 이 글은 13차 5개년 계획과 13번째 5개년 국가 지식 재산권 보호 및 사용 계획이 특히 IPR을 통해 중국 경제에 미치는 영향에 대해 다룬다. While counterfeiting continues to be a problem for brand owners operating in China, there tends to be a lack of appreciation towards the improvements made to the enforcement of intellectual property rights in China. In fact, intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are applied for and asserted with increasing frequency in China, where they are becoming a key driver of innovation and a foundation for a knowledge based economy. With the Chinese Government focusing significant resources and attention to improving IP enforcement and anti-counterfeiting, it hopes to realize its goal of establishing a modern economy based on IP rights. This article delves into the impacts of the 13<sup>th</sup> Five-Year Plan and the subsequent 13<sup>th</sup> Five-Year National Intellectual Property Protection and Use Plan on the Chinese economy, in particular through IPRs. Furthermore, this article discusses how the Five-Year Plans provide insight into the Chinese government`s goals and uses of IPRs to drive technological innovation.
Chan, Siew Wui,Kallarakkal, Thomas George,Abraham, Mannil Thomas Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5
Background: The survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained generally unchanged in the past three decades, underlining the need for more biomarkers to be developed to aid prognostication and effective management. The prognostic potential of E-cadherin expression in OSCCs has been variable in previous studies while galectin-9 expression has been correlated with improved prognosis in other cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of galectin-9 and E-cadherin in OSCC and their potential as prognostic biomarkers. Materials and Methods: E-cadherin and Galectin-9 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 32 cases of OSCC of the buccal mucosa (13 with and 19 without lymph node metastasis), as well as 6 samples of reactive lesions and 5 of normal buccal mucosa. Results: The expression of E-cadherin in OSCC was significantly lower than the control tissues but galectin-9 expression was conversely higher. Median E-cadherin HSCOREs between OSCCs positive and negative for nodal metastasis were not significantly different. Mean HSCOREs for galectin-9 in OSCC without lymph node metastasis ($127.7{\pm}81.8$) was higher than OSCC with lymph node metastasis ($97.9{\pm}62.9$) but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: E-cadherin expression is reduced whilst galectin-9 expression is increased in OSCC. However, the present results suggest that E-cadherin and galectin-9 expression may not be useful as prognostic markers for OSCC.
Seng Chan You,Sungjae Jung,Joel N. Swerdel,Patrick B. Ryan,Martijn J. Schuemie,Marc A. Suchard,Seongwon Lee,Jaehyeong Cho,George Hripcsak,Rae Woong Park,Sungha Park 대한심장학회 2020 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.50 No.1
Background and Objectives: 2018 ESC/ESH Hypertension guideline recommends 2-drug combination as initial anti-hypertensive therapy. However, real-world evidence for effectiveness of recommended regimens remains limited. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of first-line anti-hypertensive treatment combining 2 out of the following classes: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blocker (A), calcium channel blocker (C), and thiazide-type diuretics (D). Methods: Treatment-naïve hypertensive adults without cardiovascular disease (CVD) who initiated dual anti-hypertensive medications were identified in 5 databases from US and Korea. The patients were matched for each comparison set by large-scale propensity score matching. Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events as a composite outcome comprised the secondary measure. Results: A total of 987,983 patients met the eligibility criteria. After matching, 222,686, 32,344, and 38,513 patients were allocated to A+C vs. A+D, C+D vs. A+C, and C+D vs. A+D comparison, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mortality during total of 1,806,077 person-years: A+C vs. A+D (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97−1.20; p=0.127), C+D vs. A+C (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87−1.01; p=0.067), and C+D vs. A+D (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.95−1.47; p=0.104). A+C was associated with a slightly higher risk of heart failure (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01−1.18; p=0.040) and stroke (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01−1.17; p=0.040) than A+D. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in mortality among A+C, A+D, and C+D combination treatment in patients without previous CVD. This finding was consistent across multi-national heterogeneous cohorts in real-world practice.
Vrakas George,Chan Caroline,Thai Vinh V. 한국해운물류학회 2021 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.37 No.4
Grounded on the Resource Based View (RBV) theory, this paper argues that technological advances and process optimisation through standardisation and centralisation could been used to improve various aspects of port operational performance. Using information and secondary data from the case of Patrick Terminals in Australia, the impacts of the Patrick’s Brisbane AutoStradTM container terminal and National Operations Centre (NOC) on yard design and operations, quay crane deployment, operational productivity, safety, manpower, vessel planning, customer service delivery, invoicing, and process alignment and standardisation, were examined. It was found that the deployment of advanced technology i.e. Brisbane AutoStradTM, bundled with the optimisation of business processes through standardisation and centralisation at the NOC, are valuable and costly-to-imitate tangible and intangible resources which can translate into positive operational performance in terms of better equipment and facility utilisation, higher productivity, reduced costs, and more satisfied customers. This research contributes to strengthen the RBV theory in the context of container terminals management while also provides managerial insights to port managers and policy makers not only in Australian container terminals but also those in Asia, given their growth and competitive position on the global basis.
PRDC-A software package for personnel radiation dose calculation
Kim, Chan-Hyeong,Cho, Sang Hyun,Xu, X. George Nuclear Technology Publishing 2006 Radiation Protection Dosimeetry Vol.118 No.3
<P>To determine effective dose, we usually need to use a very complicated human body model and a sophisticated computer code to transport radiations in the body model and surrounding medium, which is not very easy to practicing health physicists in the field. This study develops and tests a software package, called PRDC (Personnel Radiation Dose Calculation), which calculates effective dose and radiation doses to various organs/tissues and personal dosemeters based on a series of interpolations.</P>
Thomas, Reju George,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Moon, Myeong Ju,Surendran, Suchithra Poilil,Batgerel, Tumurbaatar,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang,Jeong, Yong Yeon Elsevier 2018 International journal of biological macromolecules Vol.110 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We prepared Janus microspheres based on sodium alginate for the encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in one compartment and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) or a drug in the second compartment. 4% percent sodium alginate solution was allowed to pass through a septum-theta capillary device and react with 2.5% calcium chloride to allow crosslinking to occur in the solution, forming calcium alginate Janus microspheres. Physico-chemical characterization of microspheres was done by FTIR, TGA, and XRD after loading of stem cells and IONP/drug. The mechanical integrity of microspheres was tested at different time points, which showed that 4% alginate microspheres were mechanically stable for a long period of time. Live/dead staining of MSCs alone and the MTS assay of MSCs and DMSO co-loaded were performed, which showed less toxicity to MSC in the Janus configuration. IONP/MSC-loaded Janus microspheres were tested by magnetic manipulation for targeted MSC delivery for cartilage repair using an electromagnetic manipulation (EMM) device. Janus microspheres can be used for targeted stem cell/drug delivery using EMM for cartilage repair in the near future.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P> <P>Janus microsphere loaded with MSC’s and IONP/drug and injection to cartilage repair area.</P>
The use of tissue fiducial markers in improving the accuracy of post-prostatectomy radiotherapy
Chao, Michael,Ho, Huong,Joon, Daryl Lim,Chan, Yee,Spencer, Sandra,Ng, Michael,Wasiak, Jason,Lawrentschuk, Nathan,McMillan, Kevin,Sengupta, Shomik,Tan, Alwin,Koufogiannis, George,Cokelek, Margaret,Foro The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2019 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.37 No.1
Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the use of a radiopaque tissue fiducial marker (TFM) in the treatment of prostate cancer patients who undergo post-prostatectomy radiotherapy (PPRT). TFM safety, its role and benefit in quantifying the set-up uncertainties in patients undergoing PPRT image-guided radiotherapy were assessed. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 consecutive PPRT patients underwent transperineal implantation of TFM at the level of vesicourethral anastomosis in the retrovesical tissue prior to intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Prostate bed motion was calculated by measuring the position of the TFM relative to the pelvic bony anatomy on daily cone-beam computed tomography. The stability and visibility of the TFM were assessed in the initial 10 patients. Results: No postoperative complications were recorded. A total of 3,500 images were analysed. The calculated prostate bed motion for bony landmark matching relative to TFM were 2.25 mm in the left-right, 5.89 mm in the superior-inferior, and 6.59 mm in the anterior-posterior directions. A significant 36% reduction in the mean volume of rectum receiving 70 Gy (rV<sub>70</sub>) was achieved for a uniform planning target volume (PTV) margin of 7 mm compared with the Australian and New Zealand Faculty of Radiation Oncology Genito-Urinary Group recommended PTV margin of 10 mm. Conclusion: The use of TFM was safe and can potentially eliminate set-up errors associated with bony landmark matching, thereby allowing for tighter PTV margins and a consequent favourable reduction in dose delivered to the bladder and rectum, with potential improvements in toxicities.