常用詞“甘”、“甜”歷時演變與興替研究

?玉君(Gan Yeechin),朴敏浚(Park, Min-jun) 중국어문학연구회 2017 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.105

It is important to study the diachronic change and replacement of old words by new ones in Chinese etymology as the process does not happen and complete within a short span of time. This paper propose an in-depth study on gan (甘) and tian (甜) by investigating a number of historical documents of various registers from the Pre-Qin to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Based on the diachronic perspective, we conduct a quantitative analysis to show the lexical development and replacement process of gan (甘) and tian (甜) in its original and extended meanings. In the meantime, we also describes usage pattern and competition process of the two words in different periods, by comparing them in terms of usage frequency, semantic expression and syntactic distribution. Because gan (甘) is a polysemy with multiple meanings since the Pre-Qin dynasty, a new word tian (甜) with a single meaning of sweet taste emerged in the Western Han dynasty, which is subsequently commonly used in oral literature in the Wei and Jin dynasties. Afterwards, tian (甜) went into competition with gan (甘) in the Tang and Song dynasties, whose meaning was in turn further extended to psychological and sensory domains in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In modern Chinese, gan (甘) came to only function as a morpheme through semantic bleaching whereas tian (甜) often appeared in sentential structure. The semantic and syntactic functions of the two words remain stable and still in use.

Low Resistance and Transparent Ag/AZO Ohmic Contact to p-GaN

T. Han,T. Wang,X. W. Gan,H. Wu,Y. Shi,C. Liu 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.1

Silver (Ag)/ aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited on p-GaN by using electronbeamevaporation. After the annealing process, current -voltage (I-V) measurements were carriedout to determine the characteristic of the contacts. The Ag/AZO films annealed at 600 C werefound to present an ohmic contact behavior. The specific contact resistance was calculated tobe 9.76 × 10−4cm2 and the transmittance was over 80% for visibly light. The atomic forcemicroscope was used to measure the aggregation of Ag grains which may have been the main factorin the formation of the Ag/AZO ohmic contact to p-GaN.

Association Between Polymorphisms of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln Genes and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer in a Chinese Population

Gan, Yi,Li, Xiao-Rong,Chen, Dao-Jin,Wu, Jun-Hui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

We conducted this study to detect associations between XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln genotypes and survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU/oxalipatin chemotherapy. We included 289 Chinese patients with advanced colorectal cancer, who had received 5-FU/oxalipatin chemotherapy as first-line treatment from January 2005 to January 2007. All patients were followed up till Nov. 2011. Genotyping for XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms was based upon duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the PCR-RFLP method. In our study, we found the XRCC1 399 Gln/Gln genotype to confer significantly higher rates of response to chemotherapy when compared to the Arg/Arg genotype [OR (95% CI)= 2.56(1.57-2.55)]. patients with the XPD 751 Gln/Gln genotype had significantly higher rates of response to chemotherapy [OR (95% CI)= 1.54(0.87-2.65)] and those with the XRCC1 399 Gln/Gln genotype had a longer average survival time and significantly lower risk of death than did those with the Arg/Arg genotype [HR (95% CI)= 0.66(0.36-0.95)]. Similarly, those carrying the XPD 751Gln/Gln genotype had 0.51-fold the risk of death of those with XPD 751Lys/Lys [HR (95% CI)= 0.51(0.33 -0.94)]. In conclusion, it is suggested that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms should be routinely assessed to determine colorectal patients who are more likely to benefit from 5-FU/oxalipatin chemotherapy.

Impact of Inadequate Doses of Rituximab in the Treatment of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma in Malaysian Patients

Gan, Gin Gin,Subramaniam, Rajaletchumy,Bee, Ping Chong,Chin, Edmund Fui Min,Abdul-Halim, Habibah,Tai, Mei Chee Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.4

Background: The current standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP). A significant number of patients were not treated with recommended dose of rituximab due to limited financial resources in Malaysia. This study evaluates the efficacy of R-CHOP like chemotherapy in Malaysian patients with DLBCL. Materials and Methods: The study comprised a retrospective analysis of patients with DLBCL treated at a single centre. The outcome was compared with patients who were treated with R-CHOP like and CHOP like chemotherapy. Patients who were treated with lower dose of rituximab was subanalysed for outcome. Results: A total of 86 patients who had CHOP-like chemotherapy were included. Only 39 (45%) patients had rituximab and only 12 (29%) patients had the recommended dose. The overall response (OR) and complete response (CR) rates were 88% and 81% respectively. There was no significant difference in OR and CR in patients who had rituximab and those without rituxmab. Those with International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of ${\leq}2$ had significant higher CR rate, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (p<0.001). Conclusions: The lack of significant improvement in CR and DFS in our patients may be due to an inadequate dose of rituximab.

Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Research on Mechanical Performance of Bolt Connections of Corrugated Steel Plates

Gan Tang,Lingfeng Yin,Xiaoming Guo,Jin Cui 한국강구조학회 2015 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.15 No.1

Fabricated corrugated steel silos are widely used for grain storage, and the corrugated steel plates with bolt lap connectionsare often used as the silo wall. This paper aims to research the mechanical performance of bolt connections of corrugated steelplates. Experiments were conducted for eight groups of specimens subjected to various parameters. The finite element modelstook into account the material nonlinearities, geometry nonlinearities and contact nonlinearities. The major factors (platethickness and wave height) were selected, and parametric studies were performed. It is found that the ultimate bearing capacitiesof corrugated steel plate specimens are smaller than those of the flat steel plate specimens, and the ultimate displacements ofthe former are larger than those of the latter. The attaching degree between the nuts and the steel plates is a primary factor ofthe difference. The finite element results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The ultimate bearing capacityof single-bolt connections of corrugated steel plates shows an increasing trend with the increase in plate thickness, and theultimate displacement and ultimate bearing capacity both increase as the wave height decreases. When the wave height of thespecimen decreases to 0 mm, the ultimate bearing capacity and ultimate displacement increase significantly.

인간 · 지구 · 문화를 존중하는 창의성 새천년 건설환경디자인 세계대회 2000. 11. 9 ~ 2000. 11. 21

Gan Hock Beng 현대건축사 2000 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.21

Estimating TCP Flow Completion Time Distributions

Gan Luan 한국통신학회 2019 Journal of communications and networks Vol.21 No.1

The flow completion time is an important performancemetric for network users, and it is used in designing schedulingand congestion control algorithms. The existing TCP flow completiontime distributions are calculated from complicated models,and they are only suitable for short TCP flows. This paper is motivatedto build a simple model to derive TCP flow completion timedistribution that is suitable for both short and long TCP flows. Tobuild such a model, the distribution of the packet transmissionlatency under TCP congestion control is firstly calculated. Thepacket transmission latency is the time needed to successfully delivera packet, including the time for retransmissions due to packetlosses. Semi-Markov process is used to model the TCP congestionwindow evolution. Using the packet transmission latency distributiontogether with the TCP congestion window size information, anew parallel queueing model which describes how a file is transmittedby a TCP flow is formed. In the parallel queueing model,the flow completion time distribution is derived, and simulation resultsfrom NS2 demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed analysis.

Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Behavior of Cold-formed Stainless Steel Stub Columns

Gan-Ping Shu,Baofeng Zheng,Xiaoming Shen 한국강구조학회 2013 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.13 No.1

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of cold-formed stainless steel stub columns under axial compression. Nineteen hollow section specimens of seven section types were tested. Geometric imperfections, material properties and full-range load-displacement curves were obtained. The test strengths were compared with the four design strengths, which are respectively calculated by using the American specification, the European specification, the design method proposed by Rasmussen in 2004, and the design method proposed by Gardner in 2008. The American specification, the European specification, and the design method proposed by Rasmussen are generally conservative. While the design method proposed by Gardner is relatively accurate. Based on the comparisons, modifications to Winter equation were derived to involve both the factors of the corner enhancement of the cold-formed members and the nonlinear property of stainless steel. The modified Winter equation can predict the strengths with low scatter.

Energy-Efficient Cooperative Beamforming based CMISO Transmission with Optimal Nodes Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks

( Gan Xiong ),( Lu Hong ),( Yang Guangyou ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.8

This paper analyzes the nodes deployment optimization problem in energy constrained wireless sensor networks, which multi-hop cooperative beamforming (CB) based cooperative-multi-input-single-output (CMISO) transmission is adopted to reduce the energy consumption. Firstly, we establish the energy consumption models for multi-hop SISO, multi-hop DSTBC based CMISO, multi-hop CB based CMISO transmissions under random nodes deployment. Then, we minimize the energy consumption by searching the optimal nodes deployment for the three transmissions. Furthermore, numerical results present the optimal nodes deployment parameters for the three transmissions. Energy consumption of the three transmissions are compared under optimal nodes deployment, which shows that CB based CMISO transmission consumes less energy than SISO and DSTBC based CMISO transmissions. Meanwhile, under optimal nodes deployment, the superiorities of CB based CMISO transmission over SISO and DSTBC based CMISO transmissions can be more obvious when path-loss-factor becomes low.

SPIRAL WAVE GENERATION IN A DIFFUSIVE PREDATOR-PREY MODEL WITH TWO TIME DELAYS

GAN, WENZHEN,ZHU, PENG Korean Mathematical Society 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.4

This paper is concerned with the pattern formation of a diffusive predator-prey model with two time delays. Based upon an analysis of Hopf bifurcation, we demonstrate that time delays can induce spatial patterns under some conditions. Moreover, by use of a series of numerical simulations, we show that the type of spatial patterns is the spiral wave. Finally, we demonstrate that the spiral wave is asymptotically stable.