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( Enri Damanhuri ),( Tri Padmi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2
인도네시아의 급속한 인구성장과 대도시의 다양한 활동으로 인해 도시 사회기본시설의 일반적인 문제가 대두되게 되었다. 인도네시아의 대도시에서 발생하는 폐기물의 60% 정도가 최종처분장으로 운송되고, 단순한 매립작업이 주된 공정을 이룬다. 위생매립의 지침을 이행하기에는 비용이 높아 인도네시아에서는 controlled 매립의 형태가 소개되었다. The Indonesian version of controlled landfill이란,만족할 만한 위생매립작업에 대해 중간정도에 해당하는 방법이다. 이러한 매립방식의 주된 이유는 토양으로 매립지역을 복토하는 것이 어렵기 때문이다. 악취, 파리, 연기 등의 문제는 복토를 하지 않아서 나타난다. 행정상의 사각지대에 관한 차이로 인해, 지자체들간에 다른 견해를 갖는다는 좋지 않은 문제를 유발한다. 일반적으로, 지자체는 폐기물 관리를 가장 낮은 우선순위(lowest priority)를 두고 있고, 폐기물 관리자들조차 매립지를 최후의 우선순위로 생각하고 있다. 매립지는 도시의 여러 부문에서 발생하는 폐기물이 모아지는 장소이고 또 다른 종류의 폐기물을 수용하기 때문에, 이러한 상황은 폐기물 관리자들에게 더 심각하고 중요한 주의를 요구하게 된다. 매립지의 운영과 관리는 폐기물 관리자들에게 있어서 우선되어져야 할 부분인 것이다. The rapid population growth and diverse activities in large cities in Indonesia have resulted in the emergence of common problems in urban infrastructure services. It is only around 60% of the wastes in large cities in Indonesia that could be transported to the final disposal sites, where simple landfilling are mainly in operation. The criteria for sanitary landfill are still considered expensive, so Indonesia introduced the term of controlled landfill. The Indonesian version of controlled landfill is the midway towards a satisfactory sanitary landfill operation, among others through delaying the application of the covering layer of soil to once every 5-7 days. The main reason for this practice is that it is difficult to cover the dumping area with soil layers. Problems of stench, flies, and smoke are effects of non application of covering soil layers. The present practiced concept for a landfill site is usually based on administrative borders. Differences regarding the administrative borders have sometimes brought unfavorable effects, such as the different perceptions between the respective local area governments. In general, the local government would put waste handling at the lowest priority level, and the waste managers would consider their landfill as the last priority. As the landfill is the place where wastes from all parts of the city are concentrated, and sometimes also accept other kinds of wastes, this situation calls for more serious and greater attention from the waste managers. The handling and operation of a landfill should become a priority of the waste managers.
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LANDFILLS AS MAINSTAY FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
( Enri Damanhuri ),( Tri Padmi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1
The rapid population growth and diverse activities in large cities in Indonesia have resulted in the emergence of common problems in urban infrastructure services. It is only around 60% of the wastes in large cities in Indonesia that could be transported to the final disposal sites, where simple landfilling are mainly in operation. The criteria for sanitary landfill is still considered expensive, so Indonesia introduced the term of controlled landfill. The Indonesian version of controlled landfill is the midway towards a satisfactory sanitary landfill operation, among others through delaying the application of the covering layer of soil to once every 5 - 7 days. The main reason for this practice is that it is difficult to cover the dumping area with soil layers. Problems of stench, flies, and smoke are effects of non- application of covering soil layers. The present practiced concept for a landfill site is usually based on administrative borders. Differences regarding the administrative borders have sometimes brought unfavorable effects,, such as the different perceptions between the respective local area governments. In general, the local government would put waste handling at the lowest priority level, and the waste managers would consider their landfill as the last priority. As the landfill is the place where wastes from all parts of the city are concentrated, and sometimes also accept other kinds of wastes, this situation calls for more serious and greater attention from the waste managers. The handling and operation of a landfill should become a priority of the waste managers.
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( Emenda Sembiring ),( Enri Damanhuri ),( I Made Wahyu Widyarsana ),( Elprida Agustina ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-
Plastics marine pollution is a highlighted environmental problem. Most of studies show that land base plastics leakage is the culprit. This study show how material flows analysis (MFA) can be used to prove the possible plastics waste leakage from land area. A case study at Sarbagita region in Bali is chosen to highlight on how to improve solid waste management in order to combat plastics marine pollution. Sarbagita region consists of Denpasar city, Badung Regency, Gianyar Regency, and Tabanan Regency which are situated in Bali island, a well-known tourism area in Indonesia. In 2018, the population in Bali Province expand to 4.2 million local residents and also a destination of 6 million tourists per year. This number continues to increase every year. The increasing population and socioeconomic activities have a direct impact to the waste generation. In 2019, approximately 1,767 t/d waste is generated. Plastic waste, due to its characteristics and quantity, become an environmental problem in a tourism area since that environment quality and aesthetics decrease because of unmanage plastics waste. Around 16.39% or 289,6 t/d plastic is generated at the source of Sarbagita region. In its journey, plastic waste which is generated at source have gone through many stages of its life in waste management system. The material flow study was conducted to identify the number of plastics which are processed, recycled, disposed into landfill, and also unmanaged in which eventually, is discharged into the environment. Up to 3.63% or 64.2 t/d plastic waste is managed in the formal sector called TPS 3R and Waste Bank while 2.7% or 47.9 t/d plastic is managed in the informal sector. The residue of plastic waste, approximately 7.31% or 127.4 t/d is being dumped to Suwung landfill site and around 2.74% or 48.4 t/d plastic waste released improperly to the environment. The error of material balance is 0.6%. The unmanaged waste which is discharged into the environment is potentially the land base of plastics waste leakage into the ocean. The MFA shows which stages of plastics waste life can be the focus of measures to reduce leakage.
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