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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : ( Brad Roberts ) (검색결과 3 건)
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Tailored Options to Deter North Korea and WMD Threats
( Brad Roberts ) 한국국방연구원 2016 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.28 No.1
Tensions on the Korean Peninsula and the security situation of East Asia have been worsening more than ever. Particularly, North Korea’s long-range missile launch on February 7, 2016, and subsequent shutdown of the Kaesong Industrial Complex by the ROK government make the possibility of improving inter-Korean relations even more difficult. North Korea claims that the missile launch was a longrange rocket to put a remote-sensing satellite into orbit, but no country has received any signal transmitted from the satellite. The same was the case in 2012. North Korea has been giving no care to the expectations of the international community and UN sanctions, and continuously developing its nuclear and missile capabilities. Expressing its willingness to use extreme measures, the North raises security concerns not only to the ROK and its ally, the United States, but also to all regional countries. Deployment of THAAD in the ROK and UN sanctions will likely follow. Thus tensions in the region will continue for some time. Both the ROK and the United States are consistently developing tailored deterrence strategy in order to effectively deal with North Korea’s nuclear and missile threat. I would like to introduce a special article that has succinctly put together the background of the issue and key points with authority. I would like to extend my gratitude to Dr. Brad Roberts for agreeing to contribute this valuable article to our journal. Foreword by Ohm Tae-am, Editor-in-Chief, KJDA
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Delaney, Bryan,Zhang, John,Carlson, Gabrielle,Schmidt, Jean,Stagg, Barb,Comstock, Brad,Babb, Amy,Finlay, Carol,Cressman, Robert F.,Ladics, Greg,Cogburn, Amarin,Siehl, Dan,Bardina, Luda,Sampson, Hugh,H Oxford University Press 2008 Toxicological sciences Vol.102 No.2
<P>The glyphosate acetyltransferase (gat) gene from Bacillus licheniformis was subjected to multiple rounds of gene shuffling to optimize kinetics of corresponding GAT proteins to acetylate the herbicide active ingredient glyphosate. Genetically modified soybeans expressing the gat4601 gene (356043 soybeans) are tolerant to the application of glyphosate. The current manuscript reports the outcome of the allergenicity and toxicity assessment for the GAT4601 protein. Bioinformatic comparison of the amino acid sequence of GAT4601 did not identify similarities to known allergenic or toxic proteins. In vitro studies conducted with heterologously produced GAT4601 protein demonstrated that it was rapidly degraded in simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin (< 30 s) and in simulated intestinal fluid containing pancreatin (< 2 min) and completely inactivated at temperatures above 56 degrees C. The GAT4601 protein expressed in planta is not glycosylated and similar protein profiles were observed in flour extracts from 356043 soybeans and nontransgenic near isoline comparator soybeans (Jack) using serum from soy allergic persons. No evidence of adverse effects was observed in mice following acute oral exposure to 2000 mg/kg of GAT4601 protein or in a repeated dose dietary exposure study at doses of 800-1000 mg/kg/day. This comprehensive assessment demonstrates that the GAT4601 protein does not present a risk for adverse effects in humans when used in the context of agricultural biotechnology.</P>
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Self-Assembly of Dendronized Perylene Bisimides into Complex Helical Columns
Percec, Virgil,Peterca, Mihai,Tadjiev, Timur,Zeng, Xiangbing,Ungar, Goran,Leowanawat, Pawaret,Aqad, Emad,Imam, Mohammad R.,Rosen, Brad M.,Akbey, Umit,Graf, Robert,Sekharan, Sivakumar,Sebastiani, Danie American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.133 No.31
<P>The synthesis of perylene 3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimides (PBIs) dendronized with first-generation dendrons containing 0 to 4 methylenic units (<I>m</I>) between the imide group and the dendron, (3,4,5)12G1-<I>m</I>-PBI, is reported. Structural analysis of their self-organized arrays by DSC, X-ray diffraction, molecular modeling, and solid-state <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR was carried out on oriented samples with heating and cooling rates of 20 to 0.2 °C/min. At high temperature, (3,4,5)12G1-<I>m</I>-PBI self-assemble into 2D-hexagonal columnar phases with intracolumnar order. At low temperature, they form orthorhombic (<I>m</I> = 0, 2, 3, 4) and monoclinic (<I>m</I> = 1) columnar arrays with 3D periodicity. The orthorhombic phase has symmetry close to hexagonal. For <I>m</I> = 0, 2, 3, 4 ,they consist of tetramers as basic units. The tetramers contain a pair of two molecules arranged side by side and another pair in the next stratum of the column, turned upside-down and rotated around the column axis at different angles for different <I>m</I>. In contrast, for <I>m</I> = 1, there is only one molecule in each stratum, with a four-strata 2<SUB>1</SUB> helical repeat. All molecules face up in one column, and down in the second column, of the monoclinic cell. This allows close and extended π-stacking, unlike in the disruptive up–down alteration from the case of <I>m</I> = 0, 2, 3, 4. Most of the 3D structures were observed only by cooling at rates of 1 °C/min or less. This complex helical self-assembly is representative for other classes of dendronized PBIs investigated for organic electronics and solar cells.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2011/jacsat.2011.133.issue-31/ja204366b/production/images/medium/ja-2011-04366b_0026.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja204366b'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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