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( Anupama Shrivastav ),( Jin Won Lee ),( Hae Yeong Kim ),( Young Rok Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.7
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) has immense industrial applications. Recently, microbial fermentation has emerged as an alternative way to produce this industrially important chemical. Although 2,3-BDO is produced by several microorganisms, the Klebsiella genera has an excellent production compared with other 2,3-BDO-producing microorganisms. In order to produce 2,3- BDO on a large scale, the challenges of removing pathogenic factors from Klebsiella pneumoniae need to be addressed. K. pneumoniae produces a number of virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenesis, including lipopolysaccharides, capsules, fimbrial adhesins, etc. Removal of these pathogenic factors from 2,3-BDO-producing Klebsiella strains will result in avirulent strains for the safe, economic, and efficient production of 2,3-BDO. In this review, we summarize the current trends in 2,3-BDO production using K. pneumoniae and insights into the removal of its virulence factors for industrial applications.
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Recent trends in the mass cultivation of algae in raceway ponds
Kumar, Kanhaiya,Mishra, Sanjiv K.,Shrivastav, Anupama,Park, Min S.,Yang, Ji-Won Elsevier 2015 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.51 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Algal technology has potential to combat the global energy crisis, malnutrition, and production of several value added products useful for the mankind. The cost effective cultivation system is the basis to realize this goal. Microalgal production in raceway ponds seems to be most promising, especially in the large scale. Several environmental (location of the cultivation system, rainfall, solar radiation, etc.), engineering (pond depth, CO<SUB>2</SUB> delivery system, methods of mixing, power consumption, etc.), and biological (light, pH, oxygen accumulation, salinity, Algal predators etc.) parameters affect the biomass productivity in the open pond system. Vertical mixing is an important criteria influencing the algal growth compared to axial mixing as it determines the frequency by which cell will travel from bottom (dark zone) to surface (light zone) of the open pond. Therefore, different research works on the various designs of raceway ponds were mostly focused towards enhancing the vertical mixing (e.g. Design of bend and surface geometry, engineering flow field, etc.) and CO<SUB>2</SUB> residence time (e.g. Closed, sump, airlift driven raceway ponds etc.). The present study summarizes the current state of knowledge for the biomass production in raceway ponds.</P>
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Rapid quantification of microalgal lipids in aqueous medium by a simple colorimetric method
Mishra, Sanjiv K.,Suh, William I.,Farooq, Wasif,Moon, Myounghoon,Shrivastav, Anupama,Park, Min S.,Yang, Ji-Won Elsevier 2014 Bioresource technology Vol.155 No.-
Identification of novel microalgal strains with high lipid productivity is one of the most important research topics in renewable biofuel research. However, the major bottleneck in the strain screening process is that currently known methods for the estimation of microalgal lipid are laborious and time-consuming. The present study successfully employed sulpho-phospho-vanillin (SPV) colorimetric method for direct quantitative measurement of lipids within liquid microalgal culture. The SPV reacts with lipids to produce a distinct pink color, and its intensity can be quantified using spectrophotometric methods by measuring absorbance at 530 nm. This method was employed for a rapid quantification of intracellular lipid contents within Chlorella sp., Monoraphidium sp., Ettlia sp. and Nannochloropsis sp., all of which were found to have lipid contents ranging in between 10% and 30%. Subsequent analysis of the biomass using gas chromatography confirmed that our protocol is highly accurate (R-2 = 0.99). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Direct transesterification of wet microalgal biomass for preparation of biodiesel
Suh, William I.,Mishra, Sanjiv K.,Kim, Tae-Hyoung,Farooq, Wasif,Moon, Myounghoon,Shrivastav, Anupama,Park, Min S.,Yang, Ji-Won Elsevier 2015 Algal research Vol.12 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Most conventional processes for algal biodiesel production involve separate lipid extraction steps or require usage of dry biomass that incurs extra cost and an energy intensive drying step. A novel process that involves dehydration of wet biomass via pretreatment with ethanol followed by direct in situ transesterification into biodiesel was investigated in this study. Under mild esterification at 80°C for 30min, pretreating the wet biomass twice with 3 volumes of ethanol resulted in a nearly four-fold increase of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) yield from 3.04mg to 11.78mg, while increasing the ethanol from 1 volume to 10 volumes resulted in a six fold increase of yield from 3.18 to 18.29mg. The FAEE yield further increased when the esterification reaction was run at higher temperature and longer durations of up to 120°C for 2h. The overall positive impact of the pretreatment step on the final yield was far greater for milder reaction conditions, which makes the process more attractive in terms of economics and energy savings. In addition, it was found that the yield is unaffected by the choice of alcohol, which means methanol and butanol can also be used for the process. Lastly, it was found that the low concentration of water in the FAEE containing spent ethanol meant that both the solvent and sulfuric acid could be reused to further concentrate the quantity of FAEE in the final product mixture.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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