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      • Removal of iron from an electrolytic solution rich in copper using selective hydrometallurgy

        ( Ana Belen Cueva-sola ),( Jungshin Kang ),( Jin-young Lee ),( Rajesh Kumar Jyothi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

        Current technological development towards a cleaner, greener energy sources and an increased consumption of electronic and electric devices are driving the continuous increase in the demand of metals such as copper and iron. Even though, in the foreseeable future there is no predicted shortage of copper, it is imperative to improve and optimize the recovery of copper from secondary sources in pro of the environment protection and the achievement of circular economy. Currently, non-ferrous metals such as copper obtained from secondary sources are meeting the demand of around 30% of the worldwide requirement. However, copper usually comes associated with iron. By using hydrometallurgical processes, these metals are recovered and separated as a part of a continuous effort to reduce the environmental burden of wastewater and recover valuable metals from waste. During this experimental study, an electrolytic solution rich in Cu<sup>2+</sup> (~ 50 g/L) with a small concentration of Fe<sup>2+</sup> (~ 2 g/L) was processed using liquid- liquid extraction. Various phosphorous (P) based commercial extractants D2EHPA, Cyanex 272 and PC 88A were evaluated to remove iron. The optimum conditions for extraction and stripping were derived and removal of iron with minimal copper loss (< 3%) was proposed in a variety of hydrometallurgical routes.

      • KCI등재

        Review on lithium ion battery recycling: challenges and possibilities

        Panda Namita,Cueva-Sola Ana Belen,Dzulqornain Arsyad Maulana,Thenepalli Thriveni,Lee Jin-Young,Yoon Ho-Sung,Jyothi Rajesh Kumar 한국자원공학회 2023 Geosystem engineering Vol.26 No.4

        As technology keeps developing, India has become an emerging market in the world in consuming lithiumion battery (LIB) in numerous applications such as portable electronics, energy storage system (ESS) and the latest into electric vehicles. The high-end consumption of such batteries would generate a significant quantity of end-of-life batteries in coming seven to eight years. Currently, there is no dedicated legislation or infrastructure to handle such waste stream, which could be beneficial economically, environmentally and socially. The present review explains the current situation of LIB recycling in India, the challenges and possibilities to adopt a recycling business in India. In addition, information about the importance of waste as a resource and the current government legislation about battery disposal and various process methodologies to recover the economically valuable metals in the discarded batteries are presented.

      • KCI등재

        Development of a recovery process of thorium and possible separation of rare earths from Korean monazite

        Jeon Jong Hyuk,Cueva Sola Ana Belen,Park Gyu Beom,Lee Jin-Young,Kim Hong-in,Jyothi Rajesh Kumar 한국자원공학회 2022 Geosystem engineering Vol.25 No.5

        Systematic studies were carried out to leach out rare earths and recover thorium from Korean monazite. Monazite was processed with acid baking process (sulfation) where rare earth elements (REEs) and thorium phosphates were transformed to water-soluble sulfates. Various experimental factors such as temperature, H2SO4/monazite concentrate ratio and time were studied to get optimized sulfation system. Near to 88% of leaching of REEs and Th was performed after sulfation followed by water leaching. Moreover, by using 0.1 mol/L of primary amine Primene JM-T (tri-alkylmethylamine), thorium was separated (more than 95%) from the light rare earth elements present in the leach liquor. Subsequently, rare earth elements were separated by solvent extraction technique using Cyanex 572 as an extractant at different pH conditions. High separation coefficients for different rare earths were obtained with Cyanex 572, while Primene JM-T resulted in the complete separation of the thorium from the leach liquor.

      • Spent SCR Catalyst Processing for Recovery of Valuable Metals by Hydrometallurgical Routes

        ( Jungshin Kang ),( Jin-young Lee ),( Veronica Cristina Arellano ),( Ana Belen Cueva Sola ),( Rajesh Kumar Jyothi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

        Sustainability leads the society in developing stages. It mainly is subject to on society, environment and economy. East Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, Singapore etc having very limited natural resources of refractory metals; at the same time Korea manufacturing and supplying the electrical and electronic goods for global needs. In side Korean peninsula, the population density is very high ~1288 per square mile. It was very high when compared with North American countries such as USA (84/ sq. mi) and Canada (9/ sq. mi). The handling of the spent matrices will give two solutions; one is environmental protection the other one is solve the landfill problems. Recycling subject concern the waste minimization, environmental/economic incentives, energy considerations and industrial ecology as well as it will leads to new resources innovation as secondary source. In recent decades, worldwide demands for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst has been increased gradually due to reinforcing environmental regulatory for NO<sub>x</sub> emission from stationary and mobile applications. In an effort to develop a better SCR catalyst, it is considered that V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst is the most effective and widely employed to reduce NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst having properties such as its high NOx conversion efficiency, durability from poisons and thermal, sulfur resistance, and wide operation temperature window has been considered to be the most commercial and excellent NO<sub>x</sub> conversion efficiency. The present experimental research study deals the leaching and separation of Ti, W and V from spent SCR catalyst by hydrometallurgical methods. Various experimental parameters studied and optimized for recovery of the valuable metals such as Ti, W and V.

      • KCI등재

        Spent SCR Catalyst Leach Liquor Processed for Valuable Metals Extraction by Solvent Extraction Technique

        아나 벨렌 쿠에바 솔라,전종혁,이진영,판카즈 쿠마 파리,라제쉬 쿠마 죠티,Sola, Ana Belen Cueva,Jeon, Jong-Hyuk,Lee, Jin-Young,Parhi, Pankaj Kumar,Jyothi, Rajesh Kumar The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling 2020 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.29 No.2

        Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has been a promising technology to reduce the air pollution caused by nitrogen oxides (NOx) in several industries. The consumption of SCR catalysts increases every year as technology evolves, however those have a limited lifespan and usually end up in landfills after they deactivate. Currently, the most widely used catalyst for and stationary applications is V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> which can contain around 50% wt V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and 7-10% wt of WO<sub>3</sub>. The vast uses for both vanadium and tungsten and the worldwide interest in recycling methods that allow for the extraction of metals from secondary sources represent the major motivation for this research. The extraction time, pH dependency, extraction concentration studies were carried out using Aliquat 336 in exxol D80 as the extractant. It was determined that to optimize the extraction of both metals 30min of contact time with an organic phase containing 0.5mol/L of Aliquat 336 are needed at a slightly acidic pH (~5.0). In addition, counter McCabe-Thiele studies allowed us to determine that one stage is necessary for the removal of 99% of vanadium while 2 stages are necessary for the extraction of tungsten and counter current simulations proved that the theoretical approach was correct.

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