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Empirical study on the impact of PM<sub>10</sub> on mortality rate in China
( Ding Lin ),( Akira Hibiki ) 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회(구 한국환경경제학회) 2018 한국환경경제학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.하계
This paper investigates the impact of PM<sub>10</sub> on mortality throughout 31 provinces in China by using dynamic panel data model. The results show PM<sub>10</sub> has significant negative impact on mortality rate in the long term. Higher income reduces the mortality rate, as well as reduces the impact of PM<sub>10</sub> on mortality rate. Provinces with higher increasing rate in PM<sub>10</sub> bring out more increasing in mortality rate. With increasing in PM<sub>10</sub> by 0.01 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (6.9%, 24.61%), death toll will be increased by at most 0.2188 per thousand people. If the government adopt measures to reduce PM<sub>10</sub> concentration, the death toll is reduced by (285679.09, 370132.46) for reaching Chinese national standard and (1218762.97, 1549211.57) for WHO’s standard.
The recreational value of coral reefs in Okinawa Prefecture: A site choice model
( Katsuhito Nohara ),( Azusa Okagawa ),( Akira Hibiki ),( Hiroya Yamano ) 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회(구 한국환경경제학회) 2018 한국환경경제학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.하계
The coral reef ecosystems provide many goods and services to coastal populations, such as tourism. Furthermore, they form a unique natural ecosystem, with an important biodiversity value as well as scientific and educational value. They also form a natural protection against wave erosion. However, they have been damaged due to red soil erosion and global warming. Therefore, the preservation of coral reefs has been an important policy issue. The cost-benefit analysis is important for choosing cost-effective policies. Although a few studies have evaluated the economic value of coral reefs in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, most of them have applied the contingent valuation method. The purpose of this study is to employ the discrete choice travel cost method to estimate the value of coral reefs that is obtained by visitors to Okinawa prefecture. We conducted an on-site survey of visitors at Naha airport, New Ishigaki airport and Miyako airport on 8 November to 11 in 2013 and collected 410 responses. We applied the conditional logit model to tourist’s decision to select his/her destination and estimate the model using collected data. Based on the conditional logit model, the hypothesis of independence from irrelevant alternatives (IIA) cannot be rejected. We also tried to apply the mixed logit model to our data but there was no significant difference between random parameters and nonrandom ones. The main finding is that the marginal willingness to pay by a tourist for coral reefs is 4,754 yen/km2 per day and 16,544 yen/㎢ per trip.