A novel protein acts as a negative regulator of prophenoloxidase activation and melanization in the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus.

Sö,derhä,ll, Irene,Wu, Chenglin,Novotny, Marian,Lee, Bok Luel,Sö,derhä,ll, Kenneth American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.10

<P>Melanization is an important immune component of the innate immune system of invertebrates and is vital for defense as well as for wound healing. In most invertebrates melanin synthesis is achieved by the prophenoloxidase-activating system, a proteolytic cascade similar to vertebrate complement. Even though melanin formation is necessary for host defense in crustaceans and insects, the process needs to be tightly regulated because of the hazard to the animal of unwanted production of quinone intermediates and melanization in places where it is not suitable. In the present study we have identified a new melanization inhibition protein (MIP) from the hemolymph of the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. Crayfish MIP has a similar function as the insect MIP molecule we recently discovered in the beetle Tenebrio molitor but interestingly has a completely different sequence. Crayfish MIP as well as Tenebrio MIP do not affect phenoloxidase activity in itself but instead interfere with the melanization reaction from quinone compounds to melanin. Importantly, crayfish MIP in contrast to Tenebrio MIP contains a fibrinogen-like domain, most similar to the substrate recognition domain of vertebrate l-ficolins. Surprisingly, an Asp-rich region similar to that found in ficolins that is likely to be involved in Ca2+ binding is present in crayfish MIP. However, crayfish MIP did not show any hemagglutinating activity as is common for the vertebrate ficolins. A mutant form of MIP with a deletion lacking four Asp amino acids from the Asp-rich region lost most of its activity, implicating that this part of the protein is involved in regulating the prophenoloxidase activating cascade. Overall, a new negative regulator of melanization was identified in freshwater crayfish that shows interesting parallels with proteins (i.e. ficolins) involved in vertebrate immune response.</P>

Spherical Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticles with High Porosity for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Schuster, Jö,rg,He, Guang,Mandlmeier, Benjamin,Yim, Taeeun,Lee, Kyu Tae,Bein, Thomas,Nazar, Linda F. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Angewandte Chemie Vol.124 No.15

<P><B>Überlegenes Kathodenmaterial</B>: Sphärische geordnete mesoporöse Kohlenstoffnanopartikel mit sehr hoher Porosität (Porenvolumen von 2.32 cm<SUP>3</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP> bei einer Oberfläche von 2445 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>) wurden in einem zweistufigen Abgussprozess hergestellt. Die Nanopartikel wurden als Kathodenmaterial in Li‐S‐Batterien eingesetzt, wo sie hohe reversible Kapazitäten von bis zu 1200 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> bei exzellenter Zyklenstabilität zeigten.</P>

LaeA Control of Velvet Family Regulatory Proteins for Light-Dependent Development and Fungal Cell-Type Specificity

Sarikaya Bayram, Ö,zlem,Bayram, Ö,zgü,r,Valerius, Oliver,Park, Hee Soo,Irniger, Stefan,Gerke, Jennifer,Ni, Min,Han, Kap-Hoon,Yu, Jae-Hyuk,Braus, Gerhard H. Public Library of Science 2010 PLoS genetics Vol.6 No.12

<▼1><P>VeA is the founding member of the velvet superfamily of fungal regulatory proteins. This protein is involved in light response and coordinates sexual reproduction and secondary metabolism in <I>Aspergillus nidulans</I>. In the dark, VeA bridges VelB and LaeA to form the VelB-VeA-LaeA (velvet) complex. The VeA-like protein VelB is another developmental regulator, and LaeA has been known as global regulator of secondary metabolism. In this study, we show that VelB forms a second light-regulated developmental complex together with VosA, another member of the velvet family, which represses asexual development. LaeA plays a key role, not only in secondary metabolism, but also in directing formation of the VelB-VosA and VelB-VeA-LaeA complexes. LaeA controls VeA modification and protein levels and possesses additional developmental functions. The <I>laeA</I> null mutant results in constitutive sexual differentiation, indicating that LaeA plays a pivotal role in inhibiting sexual development in response to light. Moreover, the absence of LaeA results in the formation of significantly smaller fruiting bodies. This is due to the lack of a specific globose cell type (Hülle cells), which nurse the young fruiting body during development. This suggests that LaeA controls Hülle cells. In summary, LaeA plays a dynamic role in fungal morphological and chemical development, and it controls expression, interactions, and modification of the velvet regulators.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Numerous fungi have the potential to infect immunocompromised patients or to contaminate and spoil our nutrients. They represent an increasing danger that threatens public health and agriculture. This requires improved understanding of fungal growth, development, dissemination of spores, and mycotoxin production. We have discovered two related fungal specific protein complexes that provide a molecular link among spore formation, fungal development, and secondary metabolite production. The subunit allocation of both complexes depends on each other, and they share a common subunit. These complexes comprise three related and in fungi conserved proteins of the velvet family that function in concert with a known regulator of secondary metabolism, LaeA. This protein controls the formation of both complexes but is only a part of the trimeric complex. We found that this regulator of secondary metabolism also possesses several developmental control functions in gene expression. These protein complexes discovered in the fungal model system <I>Aspergillus nidulans</I> are conserved in fungal pathogens where they might provide novel insights for understanding growth, development, and interaction with their respective hosts.</P></▼2>

<i>K</i>-mixing in the doubly mid-shell nuclide ¹⁷⁰Dy and the role of vibrational degeneracy

Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Walker, P.M.,Wu, J.,Liu, H.L.,Regan, P.H.,Watanabe, H.,Doornenbal, P.,Korkulu, Z.,Lee, P.,Liu, J.J.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Phong, V.H.,Sumikama, T.,Xu, F.R.,Yagi, A.,Zha North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.762 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A detailed study of the structure of the doubly mid-shell nucleus Dy 104 1 66 170 has been carried out, following isomeric and <I>β</I> decay. We have measured the yrast band up to the spin-parity <SUP> J π </SUP> = <SUP> 6 + </SUP> state, the K = 2 <I>γ</I>-vibration band up to the <SUP> 5 + </SUP> state, a low-lying negative-parity band based on a <SUP> 2 − </SUP> state that could be a candidate for the lowest energy octupole vibration state within this nucleus, and a candidate for the <SUP> K π </SUP> = <SUP> 6 + </SUP> two quasi-particle isomer. This state was determined to have an excitation energy of 1643.91(23) keV and a half life of 0.99(4) μs, with a reduced hindrance for its decay to the ground-state band an order of magnitude lower than predicted by <SUB> N p </SUB> <SUB> N n </SUB> systematics. This is interpreted as being due to <I>γ</I>-vibrational mixing from a near degeneracy of the isomer and the <SUP> 6 + </SUP> state of the <I>γ</I> band. Furthermore, the parent nucleus <SUP>170</SUP>Tb has been determined to have a half-life of 0.91 ( − 13 + 18 ) s with a possible spin-parity of <SUP> 2 − </SUP> .</P>

What Big Data tells: Sampling the social network by communication channels

Tö,rö,k, Já,nos,Murase, Yohsuke,Jo, Hang-Hyun,Kerté,sz, Já,nos,Kaski, Kimmo American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review E Vol.94 No.5

Two-hole structure outsideNi78: Existence of aμsisomer ofCo76andβdecay intoNi76

Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Nishimura, S.,Xu, Z. Y.,Sieja, K.,Werner, V.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H. S.,Sumikama, T.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Watanabe, H.,Wu, J.,Baba, H.,Dom American Physical Society 2015 PHYSICAL REVIEW C - Vol.92 No.5

Performance of Taiwanese Domestic Equity Funds during Quantitative Easing

Ö,mer Faruk Tan 한국유통과학회 2016 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2016 No.-

This study is the first analysis on the performance of Taiwanese domestic equity funds during the period of January, 2009 and October, 2014. For the period, quantitative redirected capital flowed toward developing economies and the Taiwanese Stock Exchange Weighted Index compounded at approximately12.9% annually. Adopting methods endorsed by earlier research, we evaluated 15 Taiwanese equity funds' performance relative to market averages using the Sharpe (1966) and Treynor (1965) ratios and Jensen's alpha method (1968). In testing market timing proficiency, we applied Treynor & Mazuy (1966) and Henriksson & Merton (1981) regression analysis methods. Jensen's alpha method (1968) was used to measure fund managers' stock selection skills. The results of this study show that funds under-performed Taiwan's average annual market return significantly and demonstrates no exceptional stock-selection skills and market timing proficiency during the era of quantitative easing.

Immunomodulatory Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells during B Cell-Mediated Immune Responses

Ö,zkan, Bilgenaz,Lim, Heejin,Park, Sung-Gyoo MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.5

<P>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play roles in immune regulation during neoplastic and non-neoplastic inflammatory responses. This immune regulatory function is directed mainly toward T cells. However, MDSCs also regulate other cell populations, including B cells, during inflammatory responses. Indeed, B cells are essential for antibody-mediated immune responses. MDSCs regulate B cell immune responses directly via expression of effector molecules and indirectly by controlling other immune regulatory cells. B cell-mediated immune responses are a major component of the overall immune response; thus, MDSCs play a prominent role in their regulation. Here, we review the current knowledge about MDSC-mediated regulation of B cell responses.</P>

Magnetic field effects on the proton EDM in a continuous all-electric storage ring

Hacıö,meroğ,lu, Selcuk,Orlov, Yuri F.,Semertzidis, Yannis K. Elsevier 2019 Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Vol.927 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The electric dipole moment of the proton can be searched in an electric storage ring by measuring the spin precession rate of the proton beam on the vertical plane. In the ideal case, the spin precession originates from the coupling between the electric field and the electric dipole moment. In a more realistic scenario, the magnetic field becomes a major systematic error source as it couples with the magnetic dipole moment in a similar way. The beam can see the magnetic field in various configurations which include direction, time dependence, etc. For instance, geometric phase effect is observed when the beam sees the field at different directions and phases periodically. We have simulated the effect of magnetic fields in major independent scenarios and found consistent results with the analytical estimations of the static magnetic field cases. We have set a limit for the magnetic field in each scenario and proposed solutions to avoid systematic errors from magnetic fields.</P>

FUTURE ASPECTS OF TEACHING TOURISM BUSSINES ENGLISH

Cengiz GÖ,K 세계문화관광학회 2007 Conference Proceedings Vol.8 No.0

In today's world technology develops and changes quickly. If we do not consider future in this highly changing world we would fall behind our competitors. Those changes force people renew themselves in education as well. This is another aspect of globalization. Our world is becoming a global village, and people are able to get in touch with each other quickly and easily. This interaction plays a vital role in tourism which is a comer stone of Service Industry. Also the share of tourism export increases nearly to 30% in the world economy. (http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/menu.html) Having a good communication will lead to better and high quality service in Tourism Industry. And good communication can be maintained by good Tourism Business English education. The methods that are used to teach foreign language in today's classes are not up to date and were developed under the conditions which were totally different from today. In this study, how should the Tourism Business English education be carried out in the future will be explained in the light of developments around the world. Education and language is as old as human history. People interacted and get in touch with each other in every pace of their lives. As the societies developed and got bigger the level of interaction increased as well. Also when prosperity level of people increased the life standards of people become better. As a result of this people's view changed on their life styles. People began to spare more time for themselves, and began to travel to the other countries for their holidays. Tourism is one of the important elements in economy of most countries. Countries try to attract more tourists every year. Every year many people travel around the world for different reasons. Those reasons include, holiday, business, health, religion etc. Each year number of those people who travel around the world reaches 763, 9 million. As mentioned above share of tourism export increases to nearly 30% in the world economy (http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/menu.html). As a result of this the need for qualified and educated staff increases rapidly. Tourism Business English is as important as job qualifications for a person who works in Tourism Industry. The need for foreign language in different sectors can be seen at Figure 1. English has been the most used language all over the world. It is one of the most taught and learnt languages in the world. English is everywhere. Some 380 million people speak it as their first language and another 600 million speak it as their second. A billion are learning it, about a third of the world's population is in some sense exposed to it and by 2030, it is predicted almost half of the world will be more or less proficient in it. It is the language of globalization - of international business, politics and diplomacy. It is the language of computers and the Internet. You'll see it on posters in Beijing, you'll hear it in pop songs in Tokyo, and you'll read it in official documents in Prague. Deutsche Welle broadcasts in it. Bjork, an Icelander, sings in it. French business schools teaching it. It is the medium of expression in cabinet meetings in Bolivia. English is now the global language. (20,000 Teaching Jobs (English) Oxford Seminars. Retrieved on 2007-02-18.) Business English must be seen in the overall context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), as it shares the important elements of needs analysis, syllabus design, materials selection and development which are common to all fields of work in ESP. As with other varieties of ESP, Business English implies the definition of a specific language corpus and emphasis on particular kinds of communication in a specific context.