홍순인의 충북대학교 건축 계획 특성 및 지속성 - 마스터플랜 및 교육 건축물 계획을 중심으로

김재섭 충북대학교 2022 국내석사

1979년 건축가 홍순인이 캠퍼스의 체계적인 발전을 위해 충북대학교의 첫 번째 마스터플랜을 계획하였다. 마스터플랜은 대부분 현실화되어 현재까지 남아있으며 이를 통해 현재 캠퍼스 모습의 기반을 마련하였다. 또한 홍순인은 마스터플랜 수립과 동시에 각 단과 대학의 교육 건축물 7동을 계획하였다. 마스터플랜을 기반으로 계획된 충북대학교의 교육 건축물은 캠퍼스의 건축적 정체성을 형성하는 공통적 특성과 각 단과 대학 별 독창성을 동시에 형성하고 있다. 대학과 교육 공간에 대한 건축가 홍순인의 생각이 마스터플랜과 7동의 교육 건축물 계획을 통해 드러나고 있으며 충북대학교의 건축적 특성을 만들어내고 있다. 홍순인의 계획에 사용된 건축 개념들은 지금까지도 충북대학교의 장기 발전 계획의 토대가 되고 있어 그 영향력이 크다고 볼 수 있다. 충북대학교의 건축에 대한 선행연구는 비교적 부족한 상황이다. 중정형 외부 공간 구성에 대한 연구와 교육 건축물의 건축 계획 특성과 시기별 변천 과정에 대한 연구가 진행되었다. 두 선행연구 모두 홍순인의 계획에 대한 내용을 직간접적으로 다루고 있다. 충북대학교의 건축적 특성을 보다 정확하게 이해하기 위해 건축가 홍순인의 계획에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 건축가 홍순인이 계획한 충북대학교의 건축 작업을 분석하여 지속성과 영향력을 지닌 홍순인의 건축 계획 개념을 파악하는 것이 목적이다. 또한 그것이 유지될 수 있도록 정리하여 충북대학교의 건축 정체성이 확립될 수 있도록 한다. 우선 건축가 홍순인의 충북대학교 건축 계획 개념을 파악하고 현재까지 이어지는 지속성을 확인해 충북대학교의 건축적 정체성을 대표하고 있음을 보이고자 한다. 또한 건축가 홍순인이 충북대학교 계획을 통해 드러내고자 했던 교육 공간에 대한 생각과 충북대학교의 건축적 특성을 도출해내는 것이 목적이다. 연구는 홍순인이 계획한 충북대학교의 첫 번째 마스터플랜에 대한 분석과 충북대학교 내 9동의 건물 중 7동의 교육 건축물(공학관, 농학관, 교육관, 사회과학관, 건설공학관, 자연과학관, 인문관)을 대상으로 평면 계획과 입면 계획에 대한 분석을 진행한다. 마스터플랜의 분석은 ‘이상헌(1988), 젊은 건축가 홍순인 : 작품과 그 생애, 집문사’에 수록된 1979년의 충북대학교 현황 배치도, 마스터플랜 계획 배치도, 최신의 충북대학교 배치도를 대상으로 진행한다. 교육 건축물의 분석은 공학관, 농학관, 교육관, 사회과학관, 건설공학관, 자연과학관, 인문관을 대상으로 진행한다. 평면 계획의 분석은 ‘이상헌(1988), 젊은 건축가 홍순인 : 작품과 그 생애, 집문사’에 수록된 계획 당시의 평면도를 대상으로 분석을 진행한다. 입면 계획 분석은 7동의 교육 건축물이 건립 이후 그대로 유지되고 있어 사진 촬영을 통해 분석을 진행하였다. 마스터플랜과 교육 건축물의 평면 계획 및 입면 계획을 각각 분석한다. 이를 종합하여 건축가 홍순인의 충북대학교 계획 개념을 도출한다. 마스터플랜 분석은 선행 연구와 홍순인을 대상으로 한 저서를 기반으로 분석을 위한 요소를 도출하였다. 이를 바탕으로 세 배치도를 분석하여 각각의 특성을 파악한다. 이후 ‘(A)1979년 현황 배치도’와 ‘(B)1979년 계획 배치도’의 비교분석을 통해 캠퍼스의 변화 내용과 특징을 파악하여 마스터플랜의 건축적 개념을 확인한다. 또한 ‘(B)1979년 계획 배치도’와 ‘(C)2015년 현황 배치도’를 비교분석하여 그의 계획 개념이 지닌 지속성 및 영향력의 확인을 통해 충북대 마스터플랜의 정체성을 대표하고 있음을 확인하고 현재까지 유지되는 그의 개념을 파악한다. 교육 건축물의 평면 계획 분석은 선행 연구 고찰을 통한 대학교 내 교육 건축물 계획 특성 파악과 마스터플랜의 내용을 바탕으로 분석 기준을 마련한다. 도출된 분석 요소를 바탕으로 7동의 평면 계획을 분석한다. 분석의 내용을 바탕으로 교육 건축물 7동의 평면 게획을 비교하여 홍순인이 충북대학교 교육 건축물 계획에 반영한 우선 순위 및 설계의 원칙을 정리한다. 입면 계획 분석은 입면에 드러나는 요소(입면을 구성하는 매스의 구성 방식, 출입구와 포치, 질서, 장식적 표현, 창 등)로서 육안으로 파악 가능한 부분을 분석의 기준으로 삼는다. 개별 건축물의 입면 계획을 분석하여 개별 특징을 파악하고 이를 종합하여 특성을 도출하여 마스터플랜과 평면 계획과 함께 충북대학교의 건축적 특성을 파악할 수 있도록 한다. 연구 결과 지속성을 지닌 홍순인의 마스터플랜 계획 개념은 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있다. 첫 번째는 ‘지형의 변경을 통한 충북대학교의 정체성 확보 및 유지’이다. 두 번째는 ‘조닝을 통해 구축된 영역성 확보’이다. 세 번째는 ‘영역성에 따른 건축물의 형태 구성’이다. 네 번째는 ‘외부 공간의 연결과 반복을 통한 공간감 확보’이다. 또한 교육 건축물 7동의 평면도를 분석한 결과 홍순인의 평면 계획 특성과 설계 원칙은 다음 세 개념으로 정리할 수 있다. 첫 번째는 ‘중복도와 홀 구성 방식의 공유’이다. 두 번째는 ‘형태적 특성과 진입 방식의 유사성’이다. 세 번째는 ‘공간 조닝 방식과 홀의 위계 구분’이다. 교육 건축물 7동의 벽돌 입면을 분석하여 대학 캠퍼스 건물들이 가지는 공통점으로서 개성과 개별 건물의 특성은 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있다. 첫 번째, 각 건물은 구성의 측면에서 매스의 위치와 높이를 구분하면서 기능의 분리를 입면에서 드러내고 있다. 두 번째, 출입구 구성 방식은 정면에 드러내는 방식과 사람들을 관통시키며 측면에 위치해 출입구가 드러나지 않는 방식이 있으며 주기능의 일부가 비워지며 공간이 확보된다. 세 번째, 주 기능 매스에서 주로 다양한 표현이 나타나고 부기능 매스는 벽면으로 구성되어져 두 기능이 구분됨을 보인다. 입면의 질서는 주로 창의 리듬감과 벽돌 사용 유무를 통해 다양성을 만들어가고 있다. 네 번째, 벽돌 장식은 쌓기 방식을 달리 하면서 모서리 부분을 표현하는 방식들로 나타난다. 다섯 번째, 각 건물은 서로 다른 크기와 모양의 창을 사용하고, 각 창호의 상인방과 하인방 부분에 벽돌 표현을 통해 입면의 다양성을 만들어가고 있다. In 1979, architect Hong Soon In planned the first master plan of Chungbuk National University for the systematic development of the campus. Most of the master plan has been realized and remains to this day, and through this, the foundation of the present campus has been laid. In addition, Hong Soonin planned 7 educational buildings for each college at the same time as establishing the master plan. The educational buildings of Chungbuk National University, planned based on the master plan, form the common characteristics that form the architectural identity of the campus and the uniqueness of each college at the same time. The thoughts of Architect Hong Soon In on the university and educational space are revealed through the master plan and the seven educational building plans, creating the architectural characteristics of Chungbuk National University. The architectural concepts used in Hong Soon In's plan are still the basis of Chungbuk National University's long-term development plan, and its influence can be seen to be great. Prior research on architecture at Chungbuk National University is relatively scarce. A study on the composition of the courtyard-type external space and a study on the characteristics of the architectural plan of the educational building and the change process by period were conducted. Both previous studies deal directly or indirectly with Hong Soon In's plans. In order to understand the architectural characteristics of Chungbuk National University more accurately, it is necessary to study the plans of the architect Hong Soon In. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the architectural work of Chungbuk National University planned by the architect Hong Soon In, and to grasp the concept of the architectural plan of Hong Soon In which has continuity and influence. Also, by organizing it so that it can be maintained, the architectural identity of Chungbuk National University can be established. First of all, this study would show that the architectural plan of Chungbuk National University by architect Hong Soon In represents the architectural identity of Chungbuk National University by understanding its concept and confirming the continuity of it to the present. In addition, the purpose is to derive the architectural characteristics of Chungbuk National University and the idea of the educational space that architect Hong Soon In wanted to reveal through the Chungbuk National University plan. This study analyzed the first master plan of Chungbuk National University planned by Soonin Hong and plan, elevation of targeted 7 educational buildings (Engineering Building, Agricultural Science Building, Education Building, Social Science Building, Construction Engineering Building, Natural Science Building, Humanities Building) among 9 buildings in Chungbuk National University. The analysis of the master plan is carried out with the current site plan of Chungbuk National University in 1979, the master plan site plan, and the latest Chungbuk National University site plan included in ‘Lee Sang Heon (1988), Young Architect Hong Soon In: Works and his Life, Jibmunsa’. The analysis of educational buildings is conducted for the Engineering Building, Agriculture Building, Education Building, Social Science Building, Construction Engineering Building, Natural Science Building, and Humanities Building. The analysis of the floor plan proceeds with which is recorded in ‘Lee Sang Heon (1988), Young Architect Hong Soon In: Works and his Life, Jibmunsa’. The analysis of the elevation plan was conducted through photography, since the 7 educational buildings have been maintained until now. The study analyzes the master plan, floor plan and elevation plan of the educational building, respectively. By synthesizing these, the architect Hong Soon In’s concept of Chungbuk National University's plan is derived. The master plan analysis derived elements for analysis based on previous studies and books on Hong Soon In. Based on this, the three site plans are analyzed and the characteristics of each can be identified. After that, the architectural concept of the master plan is confirmed by grasping the contents and characteristics of changes in the campus through comparative analysis of ‘(A) site plan 1979’ and ‘(B) master plan in 1979’. In addition, by comparing and analyzing '(B) master plan in 1979' and '(C) 2015 site plan', the study grasps his plan concept which is maintained until nowadays, representing the identity of Chungbuk National University master plan through confirming continuity and influence of it. The floor plan analysis of educational buildings prepares analysis criteria based on the contents of the master plan and the identification of the characteristics of educational buildings planning in universities through prior research review. Based on the derived analysis elements, 7 floor plans are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the plan of 7 educational buildings is compared to summarize the priorities and design principles reflected by Hong Soon In in the Chungbuk National University educational building plan.Elevation planning analysis uses the elements revealed on the elevation(the composition method of the mass constituting the elevation, entrance and porch, order, decorative expression, window, etc.) as the basis for analysis, which can be grasped with the eyes. By analyzing the elevation plans of individual buildings, individual characteristics can be identified and synthesized to derive characteristics so that the architectural characteristics of Chungbuk National University can be identified along with the master plan and site plan. As a result of the study, Hong Soon In's concept of master plan planning with persistence can be summarized as follows. The first is ‘Securing and maintaining Chungbuk National University's identity through terrain change’. The second is ‘Securing territoriality through zoning’. The third is ‘Form composition of buildings according to territoriality’. The fourth is ‘Securing a space perception through connection and repetition of external spaces’. In addition, as a result of analyzing the floor plan of 7 educational buildings, Hong Soon In's plan characteristics and design principles can be summarized into the following three concepts. The first is ‘Sharing of double-loaded corridors and hall configuration methods’. The second is ‘Similarity of morphological characteristics and entry method’. The third is ‘The division of space zoning method and hall’s hierarchy’. By analyzing the brick elevation of 7 educational buildings,the characteristics of individual buildings and the features of university campus buildings as common points can be summarized as follows. First of all, each building distinguishes the position and height of the mass in terms of configuration, revealing the separation of functions on the elevation. Second, the entrance configuration method includes a method of revealing in front and a method of not revealing the entrance because it penetrates people and is located on the side, and part of the main function is emptied and space is secured. Third, various expressions mainly appear in the main function mass, and side function mass is composed of walls, showing that the two functions are distinguished. The order of elevation is mainly creating diversity through the rhythms of window composition and brick use. Fourth, brick decorations appear in ways that express corners while varying the stacking method. Fifth, each building uses windows of different sizes and shapes, and varies the elevation through brick expressions in the upper lintel and lower lintel of each window.

충북 바이오클러스터와 연계한 기술창업전략 연구

최유길 충북대학교 2018 국내석사

The purpose of this capstone project is to establish a strategies to revitalize technology-based startups in connection with bio-cluster in Chungbuk area. This capstone tried to search for problems needed to foster bio-startup business in Chungbuk area, and solve those by interviewing various experts and benchmarking outstanding overseas startup ecosystems. This capstone present the conclusions drawn from the hardware, software, and systematic approaches to establish a strategy for revitalizing technology-based startups in connection with the biocluster in Chungbuk area.

충북대학교 의과대학에 등록한 시신기증인들의 사회적 특성

황선종 충북대학교 2012 국내석사

의학교육 및 연구에 필요한 적정한 기증시신을 지속적으로 확보하고자 대학의 시신기증 프로그램에 등록된 기증 희망자들의 사회적 특성을 알아보았다. 충북대학교에 등록된 자료를 모아서 분석하고 전국 10개 대학과 비교하였으며, 충북대학교 의과대학의 시신기증 등록자 128명에 대하여 전화 설문조사를 시행하였다. 등록자 수는 1999년부터 급격히 증가하기 시작하여 2005년도이후에는 의학교육에 충분한 기증이 이루어지고 있었다. 2005년도 이후의 변화를 조사한 결과 충북대학교에서는 등록인의 수가 완만하게 증가하고 있으나 전국 10개 대학의 경우 소폭 감소하는 추세이다. 등록시 나이는 70대가 33.9%로 가장 많았으며 60대(28.9%)와 50대(22%)가 뒤를 이었다. 가족 중 2인 이상이 등록한 동반 등록은 40.9%가 있었다. 유족의 유골인수 또는 안치시설 방문에 대한 조사결과 유골의 인수보다 대학에 안치한 후 방문하는 경향이 증가 하고 있음을 확인하였다. 설문 조사 결과 등록인의 생활수준은 중간층 이상이라고 응답한 비율이 71%였으며, 사회에 봉사하고자하는 동기로 기증하게 된 경우가 77%로 가장 많았다. 향후 가족들의 반대 또는 시신을 대하는 태도 변화에 따라 기증 의사를 번복할 수 있다는 경우는 1%이하로 극히 낮았다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 시신기증 등록자 수는 적정하게 유지되고 있으며 등록인들의 기증 동기는 순수하고 대학에 우호적이다. 대학의 유골 안치시설에 대한 유족의 호응이 높은 것으로 나타났으므로 이를 더욱 확대하고 적절한 관리체계를 마련할 필요가 있다고 판단된다. In order to secure optimum donation of the human bodies required for medical education and research, we investigated social characteristics of those who have signed up to the donation program. Specifically, the data registered in medical school of Chungbuk National University were analyzed and then compared to those registered in 10 of other universitis in Korea. In addition, a telephone survey was performed for 128 registrants of Chungbuk National University. The number of registrants was rapidly increased after 1999 and the donation of body was sufficient for medical education and research after 2005. The number of registrants of Chungbuk after 2005 shows gradual increase whereas 10 other schools shows slight decrease. The age of registrants at signing up to the program showed the largest proportion in seventies(33.9%), followed by sixties(28.9%) and fifties(22%). Multiple registration which means two or more registrants from one family represented 40.9%. After the use of cadaver and cremation, most of the bereaved family preferred to keep and visit the cremains in the charnel house of medical school more than to carry out the school. By the telephone survey, 71% of the registrants answered they are in middle or upper middle class of living, and 77% responded that the motivation for donation was voluntary service for the society. Asked whether the donation intention could be changed due to the objection raised by family members or change of attitude towards body, only 1% of the respondents gave positive response, which was extremely low. On the basis of the present results we could know that the numbers of would-be donator are reasonably maintained and they have pure motivation and friendly mind to the school. As the charnel houses of universities were strongly favored by the families, it is necessary to further expand the facilities and to establish a reasonable management system as well.

충북지역 대학교 급식소의 운영형태에 따른 서비스 품질속성에 대한 인식 비교

김종순 충북대학교 2019 국내석사

본 연구는 대학 식당의 서비스 품질 특성에 대한 관점을 비교함으로써 대학 식당의 서비스 품질을 개선하기 위한 데이터 베이스를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 현재, 평가관이 실시한 설문조사는 각 대학의 200명의 학생을 대상으로 현장조사를 실시하였으며, 각 평가관은 각 대학(운영 유형별 50명)에서 현장실사를 실시하였다. 2018년 8월 6일부터 8월 18일까지 조사가 실시되었으며, 200부 배포 후 총 200부(수집율 100%)를 수집하여 통계 분석에 사용하였다. This study aims to provide data base for improving the quality of service of the university cafeteria by comparing the perceptions on the quality of service attributes of the university cafeteria. The data were conducted by on-site surveys of 200 students at each university, each of which is conducted on-site at each university(50 people according to operation type). From August 6 to August 18, 2018, the survey was conducted and 200 copies were distributed, a total of 200 copies were collected (collection rate of 100%) and used for statistical analysis. Statistical analyses were performed on the data using SPSS (Ver.23.0).

중국어권 한국어 학습자를 위한 관용표현 교육 방안 연구

오성아 충북대학교 2017 국내박사

The importance and understanding of foreign languages are escalating in this age of globalization. Particularly in China, after the establishment of diplomatic ties with Korea, an interest in the Korean language is gradually increasing. Accordingly, more Chinese people have been learning the Korean language, making them the largest group of Korean language learners amongst all foreign nationalities. The main reason why so many Chinese people learn Korean is that they might think Korean is easy to learn because of its Chinese origins. Due to the high proportion of Chinese characters in the Korean lexicon (hereby known as hanja), Chinese native speakers can learn Korean with more ease than speakers of other languages. Even though it is not an absolute guarantee to mastering the Korean language for many reasons, it is true that Korean is much easier to learn for Chinese native speakers than speakers of other languages. However, there are still stark differences between hanja and the modern Chinese language. Even though the characters look the same, some hanja and Chinese characters have slightly different meanings and others have completely different meanings. Thus, Korean language learners may be confused. One of the confusing factors is “idiomatic expressions”. Idiomatic expressions are often prahses or sayings habitually used by native speakers that convey the values, ways of thinking, feelings, and history of the nation. Without fully understanding these factors, foreigners could understand idiomatic expressions only by its surface meaning. The idiomatic expressions are not only used frequently in daily life but also appear on the TOPIK. Unsurprisingly, idiomatic expressions account for a great part in learning Korean. But, at the beginner’s level, the need for idiomatic expressions in communication is not as necessary for beginners than it is to higher Korean level learners. Korean idiomatic expressions are one of the difficult parts in learning Korean because they are infused with Korean cultural, historical and social meanings. If learners can properly use and express these expressions, it shows their strong competency in the Korean language. But learners cannot and do not have to learn all idiomatic expressions as beginners. So, as learners progress in their Korean level, they shift from learning everyday expressions to expressions embedded with deeper cultural and historical meanings. The word list in this thesis is organized by the idiomatic expressions’ frequency of usage and level of difficulty. This thesis aims to find teaching methods that teachers who teach Korean specifically to foreigners can use to let Chinese learners understand a large number of Korean idiomatic expressions in systematic, concrete, and effective ways. In doing so, this paper focuses on constructing a proper syllabus and methods according to the learners’ respective levels. This thesis analyzes the idiomatic expressions in Korean texts used not only in Korea but also in China, and the learners in both countries are surveyed. Based on the results, this thesis proposes an effective teaching syllabus for Chinese learners of Korean. In addition, the paper recommends practical teaching methods and plans so learners can learn idiomatic expressions in different ways. In further study, when making the syllabus, the research considers the learners’ awareness of idiomatic expressions. Also, Korean idiomatic expressions are analyzed alongside with their Chinese counterparts in order to understand their similarities and differences.

충북지역 사과원에서 사과나무 고사실태 및 차아염소산나트륨(NaOCl)에 의한 토양병 방제

이성희 충북대학교 2018 국내박사

The apple, Malus domstica Borkh., is one of the most economically important horticulture crops in Chungbuk province which occupied about 12.3% of the cultivation area in the whole country. Lately, the dieback of apple trees resulting from several causes in apple orchards has rising the grower’s losses by yield reduction. In this research, therefore, dieback rate according to causal agents was investigated and correlation between the dieback rate caused by soil-borne diseases (Phytophthora, violet and white root rot) and cultivation environment was analysed. In addition, the colony growth inhibition of each soil-borne fungal pathogen by sodium hypochloride (NaOCl) was analysed to get an alternative control agent because of marginal effect of the registrated fungicides for the soil-borne diseases of apple trees. Finally, NaOCl was applied to apple trees infected by violet root rot with a fungicide (thiophanate-methyl WP) treatment and untreated disease control in order to validate the NaOCl effect in an apple orchard. Dieback rate and its casual agents have been investigated on the Chungbuk province apple orchards in 2013∼2015. Out of 29,265 apple trees in the 27 orchards throughout Chungbuk province, 4,000 apple trees (13.7%) showed dieback symptoms. The causes of dieback were Phytophthora rot (50.4%), violet root rot by Helicobasidium sp. (27.1%), rodents (10%), white root rot by Rosellinia sp. (6.3%) and freezing injury (6.3%). Compared to previous reports published in 1995 and 2006, Phytophthora root rot was the most dominant disease recently, which is thought due to high temperature during growing season and the increase of lowland cultivation. The rates of dieback and the casual agents were different depending on the places in Chungbuk province. The rate of dieback in the northern region was 9.8%, while that in the southern region was 3.9%. Violet root rot was occurred in only northern region while diebacks by rodent and freezing were occurred in only southern region. The dieback rate of five orchards diseased by violet root rot and five orchards infected by white root rot showed significantly positive correlation with Ca content and available P2O5 content in soil, respectively. Whereas, the dieback rate of fourteen orchards diseased by Phytophthora root rot was not significant. Subgrouping of cultivation environment analysis showed that the slope degree of orchard and the number of fruit setting also affected the dieback rate caused by violet root rot and Ca content in soil also affected the dieback rate caused by white root rot. It showed that the slope degree, soil texture, Mg and Ca content affected the dieback rate caused by Phytophthora root rot. These results can be applied to reduce dieback rate by modifying the cultivation environment for each soil-borne disease. The colony growth of Phytophthora cactorum was inhibited completely by soaking over 5 sec. in 0.25% of available chlorine content of NaOCl. Those of Helicobasidium mompa and Rosellinia necatrix were inhibited entirely by soaking over 160 sec. in 0.5 and in 1.0% of available chlorine content of NaOCl, respectively. Also, inhibition effect on available chlorine of NaOCl for each soil-borne pathogen isolate showed no significant difference and was similar to or better than that of fungicides. Enhancement of vigor through rhizospheric rooting, recovery of tree growth, and effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against violet root rot disease on apple trees in Chungbuk province was investigated. The 0.25 and 0.5% treatments of available chlorine content in NaOCl showed induction of rooting on root stock in subsoil and 44.4∼60.5% improvement of canopy density with reduction of the tree dieback rate after 2∼3 treatments. After treatments of 2∼3 times, the number of short shoots was 49.7∼74.9%, that of intermediate shoots was 29.8∼57.4%, that of long shoots was 6.9∼46.3%, and that of total shoots was 40.3∼59.7%. And the number of fruit setting was 54.3∼64.5% and the starch content for fruit bearing branch was similar to healthy trees as well. In conclusion, we suggest that 2∼3 times treatments of 0.25∼0.5% available chlorine content in NaOCl from late fall to early spring season could be effective to control the violet root rot caused by H. mompa and improve the vigor recovery about 60% of healthy trees with rooting induction on rhizosphere and increase of shoot growth increment in apple trees. Results of this study, apple tree dieback rate according to its casual agents, correlation between dieback rate and cultivation environment in apple orchards, and effectiveness of NaOCl on growth of the fungal pathogens causing dieback and control of violet root rot disease will be useful to establish the management strategy of apple tree dieback that has increased recently. 충북지역의 사과나무(Malus domstica) 재배면적은 전국 재배면적의 12.3%정도를 차지하고 있고, 경제적으로도 중요한 원예작물 중 하나이다. 최근 들어, 사과원에서 여러 가지 원인으로 사과나무가 고사되고 있어 생산량 감소 등 농가의 경제적 손실을 야기하고 있다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 충북지역에서 사과나무 고사 실태를 조사하였고 토양병에 의한 고사율과 피해 사과원 내 재배환경과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 더욱이, 해당 농가에서 작물보호제의 효과가 미미함에 따라 차아염소산나트륨(NaOCl)을 이용하여 각각의 토양병원균(역병균, 자주날개무늬병균, 흰날개무늬병균)의 균총 생장억제 효과를 기내 검정하였다. 이를 토대로, 사과나무 자주날개무늬병을 감소시키고 수세를 회복시키기 위하여 NaOCl을 피해 사과원에 3년간 적용하였다. 충북의 9개 시·군 27개 사과원에서 2013∼2015년까지 사과나무 고사율을 원인별로 조사한 결과, 총 조사주 수 29,265주 중에서 13.7%인 4,000주가 고사하였다. 고사 원인별로는 전체 고사의 50.4%는 역병에 의해, 27.1%는 자주날개무늬병, 10%는 설치류, 그리고 6.3%는 각각 흰날개무늬병과 동해에 의해 발생하였다. 1995년과 2006년에 보고된 결과와 비교했을 때 최근에 역병의 발생이 크게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 그 이유는 과거에 비해 지온의 상승과 논을 이용한 재배면적의 증가 때문으로 생각한다. 충북지역 내에서도 지역별로 고사율과 고사원인이 달랐다. 충북 북부지역의 고사율은 9.8%이었고, 청주를 포함한 남부권의 고사율은 3.9%이었으며, 자주날개무늬병은 북부지역에서만, 설치류 및 동해피해는 남부지역에서만 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 위의 결과로부터, 사과나무 고사 원인 중 동해와 설치류 피해를 제외한 토양병 피해 지역인 도 내 7개 시·군, 24개 과원에 대해, 사과나무 고사율과 재배환경과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 자주날개무늬병에 의한 사과나무 고사율은 토양 내 칼슘 함량과 유의하게 정의 상관관계를 보였고 흰날개무늬병에 의한 사과나무 고사율은 토양 내 유효인산 함량과 유의하게 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 반면에 역병 피해 사과원 14개소에서는 사과나무 고사율과 재배환경과는 유의성 있는 상관관계가 없었다. 세분화한 재배환경과의 상관관계 분석결과는 토양 내 칼슘함량 외에 과원 경사도와 착과수가 자주날개무늬병에 의한 고사율에 영향을 미쳤고, 토양 내 유효인산 함량 외에 칼슘 함량이 흰날개무늬병에 의한 고사율에 영향을 미쳤다. 과원 경사도, 토성, 마그네슘과 칼슘 함량이 사과나무 역병에 의한 고사율에 영향을 주었다. 이러한 결과는 토양병 발생 사과원에서 비배관리 등의 경종적 방법으로 사과나무 고사율을 감소시키는데 적용 가능할 것이다. 사과나무의 난방제 토양병인 역병과 자주날개무늬병, 흰날개무늬병 방제를 위해서 차아염소산나트륨을 적용하여 유효염소 함량 농도 결정, 접촉 시간 및 각 병원균의 균주 간 억제 효과 차이를 검정하였다. 그 결과, 사과나무 역병균인 Phytophthora cactorum은 NaOCl의 유효염소 함량 0.25%에서 5초 이상 침지로 균총의 형성을 억제시켰다. 사과나무 자주날개 무늬병균인 Helicobasidium mompa는 NaOCl 0.5%에서 160초 이상, 사과나무 흰날개무늬병균인 Rosellinia necatrix는 NaOCl 1%에서 160초 이상 침지로 균총 형성이 완전하게 억제되었다. 또한 각 병원균의 균주 간에 NaOCl 농도에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았고, 대조 약제보다 유사하거나 억제 효과가 좋았다. 위의 결과로부터 차아염소산나트륨을 이용하여 사과나무 자주날개무늬병을 효과적으로 방제하고 더불어 근권부 활력 증진으로 수체를 회복시키고자 3년간 충북 괴산군 장연면 소재 농가 사과원에서 포장시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, NaOCl 유효염소 함량 0.25와 0.5%로 2∼3회 처리는 근권부에서 뿌리 원기와 발근을 촉진시켰고 수체 고사를 경감시켰으며, 수관 울폐도를 건전주 대비 44.4∼60.5% 향상시켰다. 신초 생장량에 있어 단가지 신초 수는 건전주 대비 49.7∼74.9%, 중가지 신초 수는 29.8∼57.4%, 장가지 신초 수는 6.9∼46.3%로 총 신초 수는 건전주 대비 40.3∼59.7% 수준으로 수세를 회복시켰다. 또한, NaOCl 0.25와 0.5%로 2∼3회 처리는 건전주 대비 54.3∼64.5%까지 착과를 시킬 수 있었고, 건전주의 과일과 비교하여 비슷한 수준으로 품질을 향상시켰으며, 결과지 전분함량도 건전주 수준으로 증가시켰다. 그러므로, NaOCl 0.25∼0.5%로 2∼3회 처리는 사과나무 자주날개무늬병균을 억제시키고 사과나무의 발근을 촉진함과 동시에 신초 생장량 증가 및 수관 울폐도를 향상시켜 수세를 건전주 대비 60% 이상 회복시킬 수 있을 것이라 판단한다.

지역경제거버넌스에 있어 충북테크노파크(TP)의 현황과 과제 연구

홍기백 忠北大學校 2014 국내박사

Amid the development of information technology and the enhancement of industrial convergence, the activities of network collaboration among the related government authorities have consistently increased. Local provincial authorities are also making efforts to build up a creative industrial ecosystem as well as global competitiveness. Thus, it is important for local governments to enhance local economy by expediting its growth and industrial effectiveness. Chungbuk TechnoPark(TP) is a non-profit organization aiming to vitalize the local economy of Chungbuk Province. In this connection, the stake-holders for the local economic governance include such main actors as the central government, the provincial government, business companies, Chungbuk TP, local residents, and the influence actors like NGOs(Non-Governmental Organizations), universities and mass media. Both the main actors and the influence actors aim to grow the local economy through a properly functioning local economic governance based on mutual relationships. Especially, the business companies’ growth and functions as core actors are crucial for local economic performance and the ensuing job creation and play an important role in local economic governance. In this juncture, Chungbuk TP plays the crucial role of bridging between the central and the local governments for the growth of local company. This study explores the present condition and tasks of Chungbuk TP in relation to the properly functioning local economic governance in Chungbuk Province. It analyzes the current status of Chungbuk TP in terms of the core factors of local economic governance and four points of Balanced Score Card(BSC). It employs the BSC evaluation method as well as questionnaire and their statistical analysis as the main tools of the research. The core factors of local economic governance have been defined in terms of the degree of partnership, network and the relationship with NGOs. The four factors of the BSC analysis include customer, finance, process, and learning & growth. Chungbuk TP has been carrying out various functions such as policy planning, business support and evaluation, and proliferation of the output in local community as the key bridge between governmental authorities and business companies in relation to local economic governance. Therefore, the main target for the questionnaire in this study was set to the small- and medium-sized enterprises as the core actors in the local economy and they have been asked to evaluate Chungbuk TP in terms of local economic governance. As is shown in Chapter 3, the analysis and evaluation of the present condition of Chungbuk TP have been conducted on the basis of the survey, including the correlation and causality between local economic governance and Chungbuk TP. On the basis of this analysis and evaluation, the main tasks of Chungbuk TP have been drawn for better local economic governance in Chapter 4 as follows: strengthening a balanced and continuous trust partnership, activation of information network in the local community, establishment of a resource virtuous circulation system for the public service, strengthening the role of Chungbuk TP in the innovation process leading to the local area’s creative economy, and an effective management of NGO network program with common learning. Chungbuk TP needs to expand its relationship with various governmental authorities in order to establish the trust partnership in local economic governance and to support the governmental authorities with its projects for the common growth among the interested parties. Considering both the distributive role of governmental fiancing and various requests from the interested parties, Chungbuk TP should figure out the sources of potential discord in the process of local economic governance from the viewpoints of both the economic benefits and the resource virtuous circulation for the local community. In addition, Chungbuk TP should execute the innovation process based on the rationality, equitability, and convenience taking into consideration the existing partnership. It should also expand the network partnership with different governmental authorities to enhance the quality of the network when it comes to the local economic governance. Chungbuk TP should enlarge opportunities for the local residents to join the common learning process together with both NGOs and various governmental authorities so that it might be able to constitute an expanded network system among the interested parties. Most of all, Chungbuk TP and NGOs need to recognize the common goals and issues among themselves and communicate with each other for mutual benefits in the local community. These efforts are expected to lead to more job creation and enhanced life quality in the local community. It is fair to say that this study is unique in terms of methodology because it has applied an interdisciplinary approach including humanity, political economy and business management. However, further research should be conducted about the increased network relationship among the stake-holders in the local economic governance, including Chungbuk TP, partnership, BSC system and NGOs in the future.

한국어 학습자를 위한 ‘-ㄹ까’와 ‘-ㄹ래’의 교육 방안 연구

김진영 충북대학교 2014 국내석사

People learn a language to communicate with others freely. To deliver myself of an opinion and to listen the other’s idea are a basis of communication. All the while, a grammar has an important position occupied in foreign language teaching method. The more a grammar education completes well, the more Korean learners have a dialogue with Koreans naturally, based on it. Spends the most time on the part of the final endings to educate the Korean grammar. The final endings of Korean has various meaning and function in one grammaticism. People who use Korean as a mother tongue select and utilize a suitable meaning in a proper situation without special education. But for Korean learners, this is a very difficult matter. In this reason, a teacher instructs well the learner it. In the final endings that asks other's opinion, the first to be appeared is ‘-eulkka’ and ‘-eullae’. This research expresses the meaning difference of it and attempts to suggest an educational way to teach Korean learner it effectively. Firstly, chapter 1 expresses the goal and necessity of this research. And it reviews preceding research on ‘-eulkka’ and ‘-eullae’. Chapter 2 examines the difference of two grammars after searching syntactic, semantic, discourse character ‘-eulkka’ and ‘-eullae’ respectively. Chapter 3 examines on how Korean grammar is dealt with by an analysis of the Korean teaching material firstly. Consequently, there are many materials that does not deal with various semantic function of grammar all. And example sentences are not enough, too, so it are difficult for leaners to understand the grammar without explaining. Next, it examines on how Korean learner use well it after learning the grammar, by a survey. The examination conducts the survey of three schools and one hundred and ten learners. The result of survey, many learners know a basic function of grammar, but don't know additional meanings exactly. And they still have a confusion to two grammars. In chapter 4, an effective educational way for ‘-eulkka’ and ‘-eullae’ is suggested based on the material analysis in chapter 3 and the result of survey. It will be applied usefully in a real field of Korean education In chapter 5, contents of this research are summarized and deficient part of this research and a direction of research of ‘-eulkka’ and ‘-eullae’ are referred I hope that learners can effectively learn Korean through the continuance of this research comparing the two grammars, that used in high frequency by native Koreans and the elementary-level Korean grammar learned by foreign learners.

변광성 후보군 검출을 위한 주기분석 알고리즘 개발

김동흔 충북대학교 2014 국내석사

충북대학교 천문대는 2008년 개관하여 1m R-C형 망원경과 60cm 광시야 망원경을 이용한 변광성의 시계열관측을 수행해 왔다. 그러나 관측 자료 중 20일 이상 관측된 영역이 많음에도 관측 대상에 대한 분석을 제외하고는 다른 별들에 대한 연구가 전무한 실정이어서 이에 대한 활용 방안 모색이 필요한 실정이다. 시계열 관측된 자료 활용 방안의 하나로 변광성 후보군 검출 알고리즘을 개발하는 것이 본 연구의 주된 목표이다. 이 목표를 달성하기 위해 관측영상이 회전을 보정할 수 있고 관측영역에 포함된 별에 대해 동일한 ID를 부여하기 위해 USNO-B1.0 항성목록을 이용한 WCS tools를 사용하였다. ID가 부여된 관측영역의 천체들의 변광 및 주기분석은 Shin & Byun(2004)의 방법을 이용하여 수행하였다. 개발된 변광성 찾기 알고리즘을 충북대학교 천문대가 모니터링하고 있는 몇몇 자기격변변광성의 시계열관측 자료에 적용해 보았다. 개발된 알고리즘이 DO Dra, TT Ari, RXSJ1803 그리고 MU Cam 영역에서 변광하는 천체들의 존재를 확인하고 해당 변광성들의 주기를 잘 찾아내는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 2K CCD 와 4K CCD로 관측된 영역에서도 동일한 작업을 수행 가능함을 별의 인식률계산을 통해 확인하였다. 개발된 알고리즘은 향 후 시계열 관측을 하는 천문대들의 관측이미지를 재분석하여 많은 변광성들을 찾아내는데 활용될 전망이다. Chungbuk National University Observatory Jincheon Station are monitoring many variable stars with 1m R-C telescope and 0.6m wide field telescope. The time series observation data of these variable stars are analysed only for the variability study of these stars till now. It is highly needed to use such time series data in order to find some variable stars in same field. The main purpose of this work is to develop an algorithm detecting new variable star candidates in the variable star field as one of application of the time series data. The developed algorithm has two steps; the first step is to identify the stars in the observed filed. Some fields of time series data, which contain observation data more than 20 day with R filter at Jincheon station, are selected, and tried to identify all stars in selected field using WCS tools with USNO-B1.0 star catalog as well as to give an ID for each identified star. The WCS method has an advantage to compensate the rotation of the observation image and to give a same ID for identified star. The second step is to find the period for each stars if this star is confirmed as a variable star. The period analysis algorithm developed by Shin & Byun (2004) has been used for this purpose. The developed algorithm are applied to the time series data of some magnetic cataclysmic variables being monitored at Chungbuk National University Observatory now. As a result, 12 variable star candidates have been detected from the time series data of DO Dra for 67 days, TT Ari for 48 days, RXSJ1803 for 39 days and MU Cam for 30 days, which are observed using 2K CCD and 4K CCD. Five of these 12 variable stars are new variables not reported as variable star yet. Comparison of the matching ratio between DAOfind and our method shows that the developed algorithm can be used in the time series data even if the field of view are changed. The developed algorithm will be applied to find new variables in time series data at different observatories in the future.

중국의 대학교 교육원가 분석

Zhao Meixiang 충북대학교 2011 국내석사

As to provide higher levels of education, the majority of universities are non-profit groups with regard to business model. In China, more than 80% of the universities are state-run, whose budgets mainly come from state appropriation and student tuitions and fees. Most of these universities pay little attention on cost keeping just because they have low expectation on profit. However, with the launching of economic reform in recent years, a growing number of private colleges have been established, which gradually produces some challenge on state-run universities. On the other hand, some universities have some difficulties of normal operation due to unwise investment and too fast increase in student recruitment. Once enrollment rate decreases, revenue from tuitions and fees will reduce, thus enormous number of universities may face insufficient fund problem. Since social environment has changed tremendously, government, investors, trainees and their families, and educators start to pay much attention on information of education costs. Government needs these information to determine the appropriate proportion of college tuition; Investors need it to make investment decisions and analyze profit margins; Universities themselves also needs these information to improve their management and optimize their resources; Families need these information to justify their education costs so that they can make decision whether they should go to university and how to save money for future higher education. The education cost is an important index to measure the levels of college management and profit. Calculation of education costs (total cost of education and average cost for each student) is helpful to make comparison on education cost when making decision on overall plan, to reasonably control and utilize education cost, and to reduce the college cost effectively and increase the economic competitiveness of the colleges. In this paper, we reviewed the study on university education cost, and conducted specific case analysis on cost of A University based on the actual budget data of 4 year state run university. First of all, we rationally allocated various direct and indirect education costs in A University. To those items with improper classification, we allocated them in term of student number. Based on proper allocation of cost item, we calculated the overall education cost and cost per student for each second college and department, and made crosswise comparison on the overall education costs between second colleges and departments, then we calculated and analyzed Break Even Point (BEP) for each second college according to the education cost of second college, finally, based on these results, we proposed the rational improvement strategy for the university development. Because the case study was based on the specific case, which might not fully represent the general situation of university education cost, and the cost varied in the process of implementation, therefore, this study has some limitation. In future, the study should integrate the estimated and actual budget data in term of education goal of universities to provide more accurate information of education cost on the economic development of the universities, thus increasing the competitive capability of those universities.