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Zhou, Bin,Bentham, James,Di Cesare, Mariachiara,Bixby, Honor,Danaei, Goodarz,Cowan, Melanie J,Paciorek, Christopher J,Singh, Gitanjali,Hajifathalian, Kaveh,Bennett, James E,Taddei, Cristina,Bilano, Ve Elsevier 2017 The Lancet Vol.389 No.10064
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure.</P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P>We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence.</P> <P><B>Interpretation</B></P> <P>During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe.</P> <P><B>Funding</B></P> <P>Wellcome Trust.</P>
Codoped ZnO films by a co-spray deposition technique for photovoltaic applications
Zhou, Bin,Han, Xiaofei,Tao, Meng Techno-Press 2014 Advances in energy research Vol.2 No.2
A co-spray deposition technique has been developed to bypass a fundamental limitation in the conventional spray deposition technique, i.e., the deposition of metal oxides from incompatible precursors in the starting solution. With this technique, ZnO films codoped with F and Al have been successfully synthesized, in which F is incompatible with Al. Two starting solutions were prepared and co-sprayed through two separate spray heads. One solution contained only the F precursor, $NH_4F$. The second solution contained the Zn and Al precursors, $Zn(O_2CCH_3)_2$ and $AlCl_3$. The deposition was carried out at $500^{\circ}C$ on soda-lime glass in air. A minimum sheet resistance, $55.4{\Omega}/{\square}$, was obtained for Al and F codoped ZnO films after vacuum annealing at $400^{\circ}C$, which was lower than singly-doped ZnO with either Al or F. The transmittance for the codoped ZnO samples was above 90% in the visible range. This co-spray deposition technique provides a simple and cost-effective way to synthesize metal oxides from incompatible precursors with improved properties for photovoltaic applications.
Resource Allocation and Distributed Uplink Offloading Mechanism in Fog Environment
Linna Ruan,Zhoubin Liu,Xuesong Qiu,Zixiang Wang,Shaoyong Guo,Feng Qi 한국통신학회 2018 Journal of communications and networks Vol.20 No.3
Applying fog computing technology to the shared patternhas two problems to cope with. One is to formulate a rational mechanismfor resource allocation, and the other is to design computationoffloading strategy of tasks based on resource allocation result. For solving these problems, we construct a three-layer F-RAN architecturefirst, which consists of terminal layer, access layer andnetwork layer. Second, we adopt differential game and bipartitegraph multiple matching algorithm to solve bandwidth resource allocationproblemof fog node (FN)-access point (AP) and AP-sharedterminal (ST), respectively. Third, Lyapunov theory and proposeddeviation update decision algorithm (DUDA) are used to solve computationoffloading decision-making and offloading update ordermaking. At last, simulation results show that our strategy can save30%-60% system consumption, and the resource demand satisfactionrate can be guaranteed to reach 80% or more.
Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis with Position Embedding Interactive Attention Network
Yan Xiang,Jiqun Zhang,Zhoubin Zhang,Zhengtao Yu,Yantuan Xian 한국정보처리학회 2022 Journal of information processing systems Vol.18 No.5
Aspect-based sentiment analysis is to discover the sentiment polarity towards an aspect from user-generatednatural language. So far, most of the methods only use the implicit position information of the aspect in thecontext, instead of directly utilizing the position relationship between the aspect and the sentiment terms. Infact, neighboring words of the aspect terms should be given more attention than other words in the context. This paper studies the influence of different position embedding methods on the sentimental polarities of givenaspects, and proposes a position embedding interactive attention network based on a long short-term memorynetwork. Firstly, it uses the position information of the context simultaneously in the input layer and theattention layer. Secondly, it mines the importance of different context words for the aspect with the interactiveattention mechanism. Finally, it generates a valid representation of the aspect and the context for sentimentclassification. The model which has been posed was evaluated on the datasets of the Semantic Evaluation 2014. Compared with other baseline models, the accuracy of our model increases by about 2% on the restaurantdataset and 1% on the laptop dataset.
Resource Allocation and Distributed Uplink Offloading Mechanism in Fog Environment
Ruan, Linna,Liu, Zhoubin,Qiu, Xuesong,Wang, Zixiang,Guo, Shaoyong,Qi, Feng The Korean Institute of Communications and Informa 2018 Journal of communications and networks Vol.20 No.3
Applying fog computing technology to the shared pattern has two problems to cope with. One is to formulate a rational mechanism for resource allocation, and the other is to design computation offloading strategy of tasks based on resource allocation result. For solving these problems, we construct a three-layer F-RAN architecture first, which consists of terminal layer, access layer and network layer. Second, we adopt differential game and bipartite graph multiple matching algorithm to solve bandwidth resource allocation problem of fog node (FN)-access point (AP) and AP-shared terminal (ST), respectively. Third, Lyapunov theory and proposed deviation update decision algorithm (DUDA) are used to solve computation offloading decision-making and offloading update order-making. At last, simulation results show that our strategy can save 30%-60% system consumption, and the resource demand satisfaction rate can be guaranteed to reach 80% or more.