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Regulatory impact on insect biotechnology and pest management
Chris A. WOZNIAK 한국곤충학회 2007 Entomological Research Vol.37 No.4
The application of insect biotechnology is promising for the development of environmentally compatible pest management solutions. As we have refined and enhanced genetic engineering techniques in several insect species that cause significant economic loss and public health injury, it has become clear that insect biotechnology will move forward as one of the key tools of pest management in agriculture and in the human environment. Well characterized genetic elements can be manipulated toward specific aims and maintain a viable insect, albeit one with diminished capacity to exchange genetic material, vector a virus or bacterium, or complete its life cycle. Despite this degree of knowledge and precision, there remain unanswered questions regarding environmental fate, release and public acceptance of this technology. The uncertainty surrounding any novel technology inevitably increases the level of regulatory scrutiny associated with its use. Although the term “"insect biotechnology”" has many connotations, it certainly includes the genetic modification of symbiotic or commensally associated microbes as a means of delivering a trait (e.g. a toxin) to manage plant and human diseases and insect pests. The distinction between this paratransgenic approach and direct genetic modification of insect pests is an important one biologically as well as from a regulatory standpoint. The regulatory framework for microbial applications to agriculture is in many instances in place; however, we must strive to forge the development of guidelines and regulations that will foster deployment of insect biotechnologies.
Acoustic Emission in Bearing Steel during Isothermal Formation of Midrib
T. Z. Wozniak,K. Rozniatowski,Z. Ranachowski 대한금속·재료학회 2011 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.17 No.3
The first attempt of an acoustic emission (AE) application for the control of isothermal transformation, at the temperature near the martensite start (M_S) in 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel, is made herein. A unique method for recording the signals of the AE was developed. The Short Time Fourier Transform algorithm was used for displaying the signal values on the spectrogram graphs. Acoustic emission showed the nucleation and growth of the isothermal martensite in the residual austenite. The maximum power spectral density of signals was determined using the relative intensity of the RMS values. The observed energy of separated signals during the second stage of residual austenite decomposition is comparable to the energy of the initial stage at lower temperatures. It was proposed as a new process concept under paraequilibrium that involves the midrib formation and swing back in the kinetics of lower bainite. Ke
Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals at Austempering of Steels Using Neural Networks
Malgorzata Łazarska,Tadeusz Z. Wozniak,Zbigniew Ranachowski,Andrzej Trafarski,Grzegorz Domek 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.3
Bearing steel 100CrMnSi6-4 and tool steel C105U were used to carry out this research with the steels beingaustempered to obtain a martensitic-bainitic structure. During the process quite a large number of acoustic emissions(AE) were observed. These signals were then analysed using neural networks resulting in the identification ofthree groups of events of: high, medium and low energy and in addition their spectral characteristics wereplotted. The results were presented in the form of diagrams of AE incidence as a function of time. It wasdemonstrated that complex transformations of austenite into martensite and bainite occurred when austemperingbearing steel at 160 °C and tool steel at 130 °C respectively. The selected temperatures of isothermalquenching of the tested steels were within the area near to MS temperature, which affected the complex course ofphase transition. The high activity of AE is a typical occurrence for martensitic transformation and this isthe transformation mechanism that induces the generation of AE signals of higher energy in the first stage oftransition. In the second stage of transformation, the initially nucleated martensite accelerates the occurrenceof the next bainitic transformation.
Behzadi Faraz,Heiferman Daniel M,Wozniak Amy,Africk Benjamin,Ballard Matthew,Chazaro Joshua,Zsigray Brandon,Reynolds Matthew,Anderson Douglas E,Joseph C Serrone 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2022 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.24 No.2
Objective: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are commonly treated with endovascular embolization. Due to the rapid evolution of endovascular technology and lack of consistent practice guidelines regarding AVM embolization, further study of AVM embolization outcomes is warranted.Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of AVMs embolized at a single center from 2002-2019. Patient demographics, AVM characteristics, intention of embolization, and angiographic and clinical outcome after embolization were recorded. We compared the embolization results of those treated with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) and Onyx.Results: Over an 18-year period at our institution, 30 (33%) of 92 AVMs were treated with embolization. n-BCA was used in 12 cases and Onyx in 18 cases. Eighty-seven pedicles were embolized over 47 embolization sessions. Fifty percent of AVMs treated with n-BCA underwent more than one embolization session compared to 22% when Onyx was used. The median total percent volume reduction in the n-BCA AVMs was 52% compared to 51% in Onyx AVMs. There were 2 periprocedural complications in the n-BCA cohort and none in the Onyx cohort.Conclusions: In this small retrospective series, Onyx and n-BCA achieved similar occlusion results, although n-BCA required more sessions and pedicles embolized to do so.
Burnham Robert R.,Bialek Samantha E.,Wozniak Amy,Brown Nicholas M. 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine if contralateral knee range of motion is associated with postoperative range of motion in the operative knee after total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Contralateral (nonoperative) knee range of motion was compared to postoperative knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty using linear regression models in 59 patients who had undergone primary total knee arthroplasty with a minimum of 4 months postoperative follow-up data (range 4–13 months). Results: A strong linear relationship was observed between contralateral knee ranges of motion of 115° or greater and postoperative knee ranges of motion after total knee arthroplasty (slope 0.93, 95% CI 0.58–1.29, P < 0.0001), with a mean difference of −7.44° (95% CI −10.3 to −4.63, P < 0.0001). However, there was no association between contralateral knee range of motion and postoperative knee range of motion when contralateral knee range of motion was less than 115°. Conclusion: Contralateral knee range of motion of 115° or greater correlates linearly with postoperative range of motion after total knee arthroplasty, and thus may be predictive in such cases.
Wang, Young-Doo,Lee, Kyoo-Yong,Byrne, John,Smith, William James Jr.,Wozniak, Sara,Scozzafava, Michael,Lee, Joon-Hee 서울大學校 環境大學院 2003 環境論叢 Vol.41 No.-
We juxtapose river basin management practices in both the U.S. and South Korea to learn how multi-stakeholder conflicts are resolved under varying policy contexts. The cross-cultural comparison likewise enables an evaluation of conflict resolution as a means for producing socio-politically acceptable, economically sound, technologically feasible and environmentally viable delivery of safe drinking water. It is argued that conflict resolution enhances opportunities to achieve sustainability in river basin management despite very different policy and cultural circumstances. Two U.S. cases reviewed: the Delaware River Basin Commission (established in 1961) and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission (established in 1973). The two South Korean river basin cases under review are the Han and Nakdong Rivers.