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Globalization and Exchange-Rate Pass-Through in Europe: Is There a Link?
( Antonia Lopez-villavicencio ),( Valerie Mignon ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2018 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.33 No.4
This paper assesses the impact of globalization on Exchange-Rate Pass-Through into import prices in three core eurozone countries characterized by different degrees of openness. We looked at various indicators of globalization and used data since 1983 to find evidence of a generalized link between globalization and Exchange-Rate Pass-Through. In particular, factors related to trade integration, such as an increase in the import penetration rate or lower trade tariffs, reduce the degree of Exchange-Rate Pass-Through. However, the rising prominence of China in European imports does not contribute to the decline in pass-through. Overall, our findings show that while Exchange-Rate Pass-Through is incomplete, it remains significant even when controlling for the effects of trade globalization.
East Asian Economic Models for Chile
백원광,Sterling Johnson,Hernán Villavicencio 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2011 International Area Studies Review Vol.14 No.1
East Asia’s economy grew rapidly from the 1970s through 2000s: Its population now constitutes about 50% of the world’s population and its economic output, 45% of the GDP. In recent years, East Asia has become an important place for the Chilean economy, because it also constitutes the most dynamic market for Chilean exports, with reported annual growth rates of over 200%. This paper examines the Chilean economy and its enterprises with respect to those of the East Asian economic models of Keiretsu (Japan), Commonwealth (China), and Chaebol (South Korea), using a case study approach to understand the ways in which these East Asian economic models have affected economic performance and development. Our analysis shows that job specifications in East Asian structure are less detailed and not strictly tied to individual tasks, and that formal rules and procedures tend to be interpreted rather flexibly, which is similar to Chilean structures. This similarity could allow Chile to better understand Asia’s success and to achieve a higher level of performance in its own operations. Economic groups and medium Chilean enterprises could learn from the ways in which Keiretsu, Commonwealth, and Chaebol expand into the global market, using different sources of competitive advantage, achieving higher efficiency and risk management, and developing more innovations.
Simultaneous pulsatile flow and oscillating wall of a non-Newtonian liquid
E.E. Herrera-Valencia,M.L. Sánchez-Villavicencio,F. Calderas,M. Pérez-Camacho,L. Medina-Torres 한국유변학회 2016 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.28 No.4
In this work, analytical predictions of the rectilinear flow of a non-Newtonian liquid are given. The fluid is subjected to a combined flow: A pulsatile time-dependent pressure gradient and a random longitudinal vibration at the wall acting simultaneously. The fluctuating component of the combined pressure gradient and oscillating flow is assumed to be of small amplitude and can be adequately represented by a weakly stochastic process, for which a quasi-static perturbation solution scheme is suggested, in terms of a small parameter. This flow is analyzed with the Tanner constitutive equation model with the viscosity function represented by the Ellis model. According to the coupled Tanner-Ellis model, the flow enhancement can be separated in two contributions (pulsatile and oscillating mechanisms) and the power requirement is always positive and can be interpreted as the sum of a pulsatile, oscillating, and the coupled systems respectively. Both expressions depend on the amplitude of the oscillations, the perturbation parameter, the exponent of the Ellis model (associated to the shear thinning or thickening mechanisms), and the Reynolds and Deborah numbers. At small wall stress values, the flow enhancement is dominated by the axial wall oscillations whereas at high wall stress values, the system is governed by the pulsating noise perturbation. The flow transition is obtained for a critical shear stress which is a function of the Reynolds number, dimensionless frequency and the ratio of the two amplitudes associated with the pulsating and oscillating perturbations. In addition, the flow enhancement is compared with analytical and numerical predictions of the Reiner-Phillipoff and Carreau models. Finally, the flow enhancement and power requirement are predicted using biological rheometric data of blood with low cholesterol content.
Guartazaca-Guerrero Sebastián,Rodríguez-Morales Jahir,Rizo-Téllez Salma A.,Solleiro-Villavicencio Helena,Hernández-Valencia Aldo F.,Carrillo-Ruiz José Damián,Escobedo Galileo,Méndez-García Lucía A. 한국뇌신경과학회 2021 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.30 No.3
The coronavirus family has tropism for the Central Nervous System (CNS), however, there is no solid evidence demonstrating that the neurological effects of COVID-19 result from direct viral infection or systemic inflammation. The goals of this study were to examine the cytokine profile and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from two patients with cerebrovascular disease and COVID-19. Although the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA was not detected in CSF of both patients, we found abnormally high levels of numerous proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, especially IL-8 and MCP-1. Since these chemokines mediate activation and recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, it is feasible that cerebrovascular disease related-neuroinflammation found in both patients results from an exacerbated inflammatory response instead of SARS-CoV-2 direct invasion to CNS. These results suggest that neuroinflammation plays a key role in cerebrovascular disease and COVID-19.
Andrea Sotomayor,Antonio Gonzáles,Kang Jin Cho,Alicia Villavicencio,Trevor Jackson,William Viera 한국국제농업개발학회 2019 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.31 No.1
아보카도는 에콰도르에서 경제적으로 중요한 과수이다. 건강한 종묘 생산은 아보카도 식물의 생산에서 중요한 단계이며 유익한 미생물의 처리는 식물체의 영양을 향상 시키는데 사용 될 수 있다. 아보카도 묘목에 처리한 미생물의 효과를 검정한 결과, 묘목의 뿌리부분과 지상부의 양분 흡수를 증가시켰다. T. harzianum은 뿌리에서 N과 Mg의 흡수를 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, 지상부에서는 N, Ca, Mg, Mn 및 Cu의 흡수를 증가시켰다. 반면에, G. iranicum var tenuihypharum은 뿌리에서 Ca와 Fe의 흡수를 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, 지상부에서는 N흡수를 증가시켰다. 또한, mycorrhiza의 접종으로 아보카도 묘목의 뿌리 부분과 지상부에서 P 양을 증가시키는 경향이 긍정적으로 나타났다. 두 미생물 모두 S의 흡수에 영향을 미치지 않았는데, 이는 식물 전체에서 균일한 비율을 나타냈다. 또한 인산질 비료(일인산 칼륨)의 시용은 미량 영양소의 흡수에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. Avocado is a fruit crop of high economic importance for Ecuador, both locally and for exportation. Fuerte and Hass varieties are cultivated, both of which are grafted onto rootstocks from the cultivar Criollo. The growth of rootstocks in the nursery is a critical stage in the production of avocado plants, and application of beneficial microorganisms could be used to improve plant nutrition and growth of the rootstocks. In this research, the effect of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum or Glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum on avocado rootstock seedlings (cultivar Criollo) was evaluated. Application of T. harzianum significantly increased the absorption of N5+ and Mg2+ in the roots; while in the aerial parts (leaves and stem), it increased the absorption of N5+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+. On the other hand, G. iranicum var. tenuihypharum significantly increased the absorption of Ca2+ and Fe3+ in the root; but no major effect was observed in the aerial part. However, a positive tendency toward an increase in the amount of P5+ was observed in the root; while in the aerial part this trend was observed for N3- and Ca2+ absorption. Neither of the two microorganisms influenced the absorption of S4+, an element that was present at stable levels in the whole plant. In conclusion, the applied microorganisms produced an increase in absorption of several macro and micronutrient in Criollo avocado rootstock seedlings.