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Toyota Kazuhiro,Mori Masayuki,Hirahara Satoshi,Yoshioka Shoko,Kubota Haruna,Yano Raita,Kobayashi Hironori,Hashimoto Yasushi,Sakashita Yoshihiro,Yokoyama Yujiro,Murakami Yoshiaki,Miyamoto Katsunari 대한위암학회 2022 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.22 No.1
Purpose: Nutritional problems after gastrectomy affect continuation of postoperative chemotherapy. There have been no studies limited to total gastrectomy, which is particularly prone to nutritional problems. In this study, we aimed to investigate the factors that predict the continuation of postoperative chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We included 101 patients who underwent curative total gastrectomy and postoperative chemotherapy at Hiroshima Memorial Hospital. The effects of 37 factors, including perioperative inflammatory, nutritional, and tumor status, on the persistence of postoperative chemotherapy were analyzed. Results: In univariate analysis of preoperative factors, age, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (PNI), controlling nutritional status score, and nutritional risk screening (NRS-2002) score were significantly associated with the duration of postoperative chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis of preoperative factors, age (≥74 years) was an independent factor for a shorter duration of postoperative chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 5.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19–12.96; P<0.01). In univariate analysis of factors before postoperative chemotherapy, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative weight loss rate, postoperative performance status, PNI, albumin-to-bilirubin index, and NRS-2002 score were significantly associated with the duration of postoperative chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis of factors before postoperative therapy, age (≥74 years) (HR, 5.75; 95% CI, 1.90–19.49; P<0.01) and PNI (<39) (HR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.26–8.56; P=0.02) were independent factors for a shorter duration of postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusions: Age and PNI are useful predictors of postoperative chemotherapy intolerance after total gastrectomy and may determine the treatment strategy and timing of chemotherapy initiation.
MRI Reveals Edema in Larynx (But Not in Brain) During Anaphylactic Hypotension in Anesthetized Rats
Ichiro Toyota,Mamoru Tanida,Toshishige Shibamoto,Mofei Wang,Yasutaka Kurata,Hisao Tonami 대한천식알레르기학회 2013 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.5 No.6
Purpose: Anaphylactic shock is sometimes accompanied by local interstitial edema due to increased vascular permeability. We performed magneticresonance imaging (MRI) to compare edema in the larynx and brain of anesthetized rats during anaphylactic hypotension versus vasodilator-inducedhypotension. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to hypotension induced by the ovalbumin antigen (n=7) or a vasodilator sodiumnitroprusside (SNP; n=7). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2-relaxation time (T2RT) were quantified on MRI performed repeatedly for upto 68 min after the injection of either agent. The presence of laryngeal edema was also examined by histological examination. Separately, the occurrenceof brain edema was assessed by measuring brain water content using the wet/dry method in rats with anaphylaxis (n=5) or SNP (n=5) andthe non-hypotensive control rats (n=5). Mast cells in hypothalamus were morphologically examined. Results: Mean arterial blood pressure similarlydecreased to 35 mmHg after an injection of the antigen or SNP. Hyperintensity on T2-weighted images (as reflected by elevated T2RT) was foundin the larynx as early as 13 min after an injection of the antigen, but not SNP. A postmortem histological examination revealed epiglottic edema inthe rats with anaphylaxis, but not SNP. In contrast, no significant changes in T2RT or ADC were detectable in the brains of any rats studied. In separateexperiments, the quantified brain water content did not increase in either anaphylaxis or SNP rats, as compared with the non-hypotensive controlrats. The numbers of mast cells with metachromatic granules in the hypothalamus were not different between rats with anaphylaxis and SNP,suggesting the absence of anaphylactic reaction in hypothalamus. Conclusion: Edema was detected using the MRI technique in the larynx duringrat anaphylaxis, but not in the brain.
Dynamic Control Method of Explicit Address Mapping Table in IPv6 Single-Stack Network
Yasunobu Toyota,Osamu Nakamura 한국통신학회 2020 한국통신학회 APNOMS Vol.2020 No.09
In recent years, Internet Data Center (IDC) network operation with IPv6 single-stack gathers attention because of IPv4 address pool exhaustion and the high operational load associated with IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack. Since IPv4 traffic still accounts for a large percentage of the total Internet traffic, it is necessary to provide IPv4 services even in IPv6 single-stack networks. A method of providing IPv4 accessibility in an IPv6 single-stack network is known as IPv4 as a Service (IPv4aaS); there are three possible approaches. This research proves that IPv4/IPv6 translation is the most compatible and effective for IDC network operations. The SIIT-DC network design has been standardized as a way to provide IPv4 services with IPv4 / IPv6 Translation. In SIIT-DC, a translation node referred to as Border Relay (BR) is connected between the IPv4 Internet and an IPv6 IDC network in order to translate IPv4 and IPv6 mutually (in order to enable IPv4 service provision in IPv6 server). However, to operate an SIIT-DC network without the lack of redundancy and operational load spikes in multi-homing networks, the Explicit Address Mapping Table (EAMT) must be shared dynamically and consistently with BRs. This paper compares approaches to control EAMT dynamically in SIIT-DC environment and clarifies the benefits and drawbacks of each. The results are expected to contribute to the design of IPv6 single-stack networks in IDC.
Eiji Toyota,Teruki Sone,Kunihiko Yoshikawa,Hiroaki Mimura,Akihiro Hayashida,Nozomi Wada,Kikuko Obase,Koichiro Imai,Ken Saito,Tomoko Maehama,Masao Fukunaga,Kiyoshi Yoshida 연세대학교의과대학 2010 Yonsei medical journal Vol.51 No.2
Purpose: In cardiac 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) examination,interpretation of myocardial viability in the low uptake region (LUR) has been difficult without additional perfusion imaging. We evaluated distribution patterns of FDG at the border zone of the LUR in the cardiac FDG-PET and established a novel parameter for diagnosing myocardial viability and for discriminating the LUR of normal variants. Materials and Methods: Cardiac FDG-PET was performed in patients with a myocardial ischemic event (n = 22) and in healthy volunteers (n = 22). Whether the myocardium was not a viable myocardium (not-VM) or an ischemic but viable myocardium (isch-VM) was defined by an echocardiogram under a low dose of dobutamine infusion as the gold standard. FDG images were displayed as gray scaled-bull’s eye mappings. FDG-plot profiles for LUR (= true ischemic region in the patients or normal variant region in healthy subjects) were calculated. Maximal values of FDG change at the LUR border zone (a steepness index; Smax scale/pixel) were compared among not-VM, isch-VM, and normal myocardium. Results: Smax was significantly higher for n-VM compared to those with isch-VM or normal myocardium (ANOVA). A cut-off value of 0.30 in Smax demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity for diagnosing n-VM and isch-VM. Smax less than 0.23 discriminated LUR in normal myocardium from the LUR in patients with both n-VM and isch-VM with a 94% sensitivity and a 93% specificity. Conclusion: Smax of the LUR in cardiac FDG-PET is a simple and useful parameter to diagnose n-VM and isch-VM, as well as to discriminate thr LUR of normal variants.