FPGA Based Low Power DES Algorithm Design and Implementation using HTML Technology

Vandana Thind,Bishwajeet Pandey,Kartik Kalia,D M Akbar Hussain,Teerath Das,Tanesh Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.6

In this particular work, we have done power analysis of DES algorithm implemented on 28nm FPGA using HTML (H-HSUL, T-TTL, M-MOBILE_DDR, L-LVCMOS) technology. In this research, we have used high performance software Xilinx ISE where we have selected four different IO Standards i.e. MOBILE_DDR, HSUL_12, LVTTL and LVCMOS (LVCMOS_15, LVCMOS_18, LVCMOS_25 and LVCMOS_33). We have done power analysis of on-chip power like clock power, signals power, IO power, leakage power and supply power. We notified our analysis at five different voltages like 0.5V, 0.8V, 1.0V, 1.2V and 1.5V.

Headache Relief Is Maintained 7 Years After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: Post Hoc Analysis From a Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial and Cervicogenic Headache Hypothesis

Harjot Thind,Dinesh Ramanathan,Julius Ebinu,David Copenhaver,Kee D. Kim 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.2

Objective: To evaluate whether anterior cervical spine surgery offers sustained (7 years) relief in patients with cervicogenic headaches (CGHs), and evaluate the difference between cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for 1 and 2-level surgeries from a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Methods: A post hoc analysis was performed of 575 patients who underwent one or 2-level CDA or ACDF for symptomatic cervical spondylosis as part of a prospective randomized clinical trial. Assessment of pain and functional outcome was done with the Neck Disability Index (NDI) in the trial. We used the NDI headache component to assess headache outcome. Results: For both 1- and 2-level CDA and ACDF groups, there was significant headache improvement from preoperative baseline out to 7 years (p < 0.0001). For 1-level surgeries, headache improvement was similar for both groups at the 7-year point. For 2-level treatment, CDA patients had significantly improved headache scores versus ACDF patients at the 7-year point (p = 0.016). Conclusion: The headache improvement noted at early follow-up was sustained over the long-term period with ACDF and CDA populations. In the case of 2-level operations, CDA patients demonstrated significantly greater benefit compared to ACDF patients over the long-term. Sinuvertebral nerve irritation at the unco-vasculo-radicular junction and anterior dura may be the cause of CGH. Therefore, it is possible that improved cervical kinematics and preservation of range of motion at adjacent uncovertebral joints in CDA may contribute to the observed difference between the groups.

SSTL Based Power Efficient Implementation of DES Security Algorithm on 28nm FPGA

Bishwajeet Pandey,Vandana Thind,Simran Kaur Sandhu,Tamanna Walia,Sumit Sharma 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.7

In this particular work, we have done power dissipation analysis of DES algorithm, implemented on 28nm FPGA. We have used Xilinx ISE software development kit for all the observation done in this particular research work. Here, we have taken SSTL (Stub-Series Terminated Logic) as input-output standard. We have considered six sub-categories of SSTL (i.e. SSTL135, SSTL135_R, SSTL15, SSTL15_R, SSTL18_I and SSTL18_II) for four different WLAN frequencies (i.e. 2.4GHz, 3.6GHz, 4.9GHz, and 5.9GHz). We have done analysis considering five basic powers i.e. clock power, logic power, signal power, IOs power, leakage power and total power. There is 50-60% reduction in power dissipation, which is possible with proper selection of the most energy efficient IO standards i.e. SSTL135_R among SSTL logic families.

Processing, dielectric behavior and conductivity of some complex tungsten-bronze dielectric ceramics

Sukhleen Bindra Narang,Dalveer Kaur,Kulwant S. Thind 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2006 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.7 No.1

Ceramic samples of a complex structural formula Ba6-3xR8+2xTi18O54, where R is a rare-earth oxide and R=Sm, Nd and Gd and x=0.2-0.7 were prepared by a high temperature solid-state reaction technique. The dielectric properties (i.e. dielectric constant (ε'), dielectric loss (ε'') and Q-factor) have been measured on the sintered disks with respect to the frequency in the range 0.3 GHz-3.0 GHz at room temperature. The dielectric properties of the synthesized samples have been found out to be a function of the wt.% of rare-earth oxides used. Dielectric conductivity (σ) was derived from the dielectric constant and loss tangent data in the same frequency range. Conductivity calculations were carried out based on this derived formula. The capacitance values have been calculated knowing the geometrical dimensions of the samples synthesized.

Electrical and magnetic properties of rare earth substituted strontium hexaferrites

Anterpreet Singh,S. Bindra Narang,Kulwant Singh Thind,O.P. Pandey,R.K. Kotnala 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2010 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.11 No.2

Samples of strontium ferrite (Sr-M) with different molar substitution concentrations of lanthanum, neodymium and samarium ions were prepared by a standard ceramic processing technique. AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent measurements were carried out in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 1MHz. The experimental results indicate that AC electrical conductivity increases with increasing frequency. The increase in AC conductivity with frequency can be explained on the basis of Koops model, whereas the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent variations have been explained with a Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial polarization in agreement with the Koops phenomenological theory. The effects of rare earth substitution on the magnetic properties such as the saturation magnetization moment (Ms), coercive field (Hc), remenance (Mr),and Curie temperature Tc (K) have been investigated. It is found that the values of the magnetization moment (Ms), and remenance (Mr) decrease with increasing rare earth ions substitution for all the series. The reason for the decrease may be both the magnetic dilution and spin canting, which promote reduction of superexchange interactions. The enhancement of Hc values may be due to higher magnetocrystalline anisotropy, where Fe2+ ion anisotropy on the 2a site could be dominant in all hexaferrites series.

LVCMOS Based Energy Efficient Sindhi Unicode Reader for Natural Processing on 28nm FPGA

Shivani Madhok,Inderpreet Kaur,Vanshaj Taxali,Vandana Thind,Sweety Dabas,Tushar Madhok 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.8

In this research work, we have focused on designing an energy efficient Sindhi Unicode reader based on LVCMOS for natural processing. Unicode is a standard for a universal character set for all the scripts of the world. It is one of the fundamental technological building blocks for exchanging textual information internationally, via computers. The scripts of Sindh are Brahmi-based writing systems. Our main aim of this paper is to build an energy efficient low power design for this we have taken different frequencies and calculated its power. We have done power analysis on a constant temperature that is 25 degree Celsius and also keeping air flow constant. We have varied frequency and calculated power for different LVCMOS IO STANDARDs. Our design is based on 28nm FPGA and the code has been tested on Kintex-7 and the device used is XC7K160T, package used is FBG676 and it is working on -3 speed grade. At the end we have concluded that there is 3.27%, 3.38%, 4.34%, 3.12%, 4.54%, 4.28% saving in power dissipation with LVCMOS18 and LVCMOS15 when compared with LVCMOS33 at 1400 MHz, 1.2 GHz, 2100 MHz, 1700 MHz, 1800MHz, 2.2 GHz respectively.

Structural and microwave dielectric properties of Ba6-3xGd8+2xTi18O54 solid-solutions

S.Bindra Narang,Dalveer Kaur,Kulwant Singh Thind 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.5

Ba6-3xGd8+2xTi18O54 (x = 0.0, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) composites have been synthesized by employing a solid-state reactive sintering technique and studied from the point of view of microwave dielectric materials. In this series, formation of solid solutions was found, which was deduced from the linear change of the lattice parameters of the unit cells. Unit-cell parameters (Å) have been obtained with the help of the X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique. Multi-phase microstructures have been observed for all the compositions using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found good quality microwave materials which show a high dielectric constant (ε') of 70 and a low loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.006336 at 3 GHz. A minimum value of the A.C. dielectric conductivity (σa.c.) was 2.32E-12 mho/cm at 0.8 GHz. Ba6-3xGd8+2xTi18O54 (x = 0.0, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) composites have been synthesized by employing a solid-state reactive sintering technique and studied from the point of view of microwave dielectric materials. In this series, formation of solid solutions was found, which was deduced from the linear change of the lattice parameters of the unit cells. Unit-cell parameters (Å) have been obtained with the help of the X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique. Multi-phase microstructures have been observed for all the compositions using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found good quality microwave materials which show a high dielectric constant (ε') of 70 and a low loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.006336 at 3 GHz. A minimum value of the A.C. dielectric conductivity (σa.c.) was 2.32E-12 mho/cm at 0.8 GHz.