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Prostate Cancer with Solitary Metastases to the Bilateral Testis
Sun-Ouck Kim,류수방,최유덕,정승일,오경진,임창민,강택원,권동득,박광성 연세대학교의과대학 2011 Yonsei medical journal Vol.52 No.2
We present the case of an 81-year-old patient with testicular metastasis from prostate carcinoma. After the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer, he had an 8-year course of hormonal therapy and showed no clinical evidence of metastasis to other organs. Asymptomatic metastasis of prostate carcinoma to the testis is a rare clinical condition. We diagnosed his condition, based on histopathology following a subcapsular orchiectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate.
Spontaneous Electrical Activity of Cultured Interstitial Cells of Cajal from Mouse Urinary Bladder
Kim, Sun-Ouck,Jeong, Han-Seong,Jang, Sujeong,Wu, Mei-Jin,Park, Jong Kyu,Jiao, Han-Yi,Jun, Jae Yeoul,Park, Jong-Seong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2013 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.17 No.6
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) from the urinary bladder regulate detrusor smooth muscle activities. We cultured ICCs from the urinary bladder of mice and performed patch clamp and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) imaging to investigate whether cultured ICCs can be a valuable tool for cellular functional studies. The cultured ICCs displayed two types of spontaneous electrical activities which are similar to those recorded in intact bladder tissues. Spontaneous electrical activities of cultured ICCs were nifedipine-sensitive. Carbachol and ATP, both excitatory neurotransmitters in the urinary bladder, depolarized the membrane and increased the frequency of spike potentials. Carbachol increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ oscillations and basal $Ca^{2+}$ levels, which were blocked by atropine. These results suggest that cultured ICCs from the urinary bladder retain rhythmic phenotypes similar to the spontaneous electrical activities recorded from the intact urinary bladder. Therefore, we suggest that cultured ICCs from the urinary bladder may be useful for cellular and molecular studies of ICCs.
Kim, Sun-Ouck,Song, Seung Hee,Ahn, Kuyoun,Kwon, Dongdeuk,Park, Kwangsung,Ryu, Soo Bang The Korean Urological Association 2010 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.51 No.4
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that facilitate water movement across biological membranes. AQPs are also called water channels, and they have recently been reported to be expressed in rat and human urothelium. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) on the rat urothelium and AQP1 expression in rat urothelium.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>Female Sprague-Dawley rats (230-240 g each, n=20) were divided into 2 groups: the sham group (the Con group, n=10) and the partial BOO group (the BOO group, n=10). The BOO group underwent a partial BOO. The expression and cellular localization of AQP1 were determined by performing Western blotting and immunohistochemistry on the rat urinary bladder.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>AQP1 immunoreactivity in both the control and the BOO groups was localized in the capillaries, arterioles, and venules of the lamina propria of the urinary bladder. The protein expression of AQP1 was significantly increased in the BOO group.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>This study showed that BOO causes a significant increase in the expression of AQP1. This may imply that AQP1 has a functional role in the detrusor instability that occurs in association with BOO.</P>
Kim, Sun-Ouck,Kim, Min Kyung,Lee, Hyun-Suk,Park, Jong Kwan,Park, Kwangsung Blackwell Pub 2008 JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE Vol.5 No.9
<P>INTRODUCTION: Ginseng is an herbal medicine with a variety of biological activities. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract on the relaxation response in isolated rabbit vaginal tissue and its mechanism as a potential therapeutic agent for female sexual dysfunction. METHOD: Strips of rabbit vagina were mounted in organ chambers to measure isometric tension. After the strips were precontracted with phenylephrine, the contractile responses to KRG extract (1-20 mg/mL), nitric oxide inhibitor (N[omega]-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME]), an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (methylene blue), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (tetraethylammonium [TEA]), and an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K(+) channel blocker (glybenclamide) were examined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relaxation of the vaginal tissue strip was assessed after treating KRG extract or other chemicals. RESULTS: KRG (1-20 mg/mL) extract relaxed the vaginal tissue strip in a dose-dependent manner up to 85%. The relaxation effect was significantly inhibited by L-NAME (30 microM) and methylene blue (30 microM) (P < 0.05). In addition, KRG inhibited the contraction induced by depolarization with 10, 20, and 40 mM KCl. The KRG-induced relaxation effect was significantly inhibited by TEA (300 microM) (P < 0.05), and not by glybenclamide (30 microM). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that KRG extract has a relaxing effect on rabbit vaginal smooth muscle tissue. These effects might be mediated partly through the NO pathway and hyperpolarization via Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels.</P>
Kim, Sun-Ouck,Lee, Hyun-Suk,Ahn, Kyuyoun,Park, Kwangsung Elsevier 2009 The journal of sexual medicine Vol.6 No.6
<P>INTRODUCTION: The expression of aquaporin (AQP) water channels in rat vagina was recently reported. AIM: The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of 17beta-estradiol on the expression of the AQP-1 and AQP-2 water channels and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in rat vagina. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (230-240 g, N = 90) were divided into three groups: control (N = 30), bilateral ovariectomy (N = 30), and bilateral ovariectomy, followed by subcutaneous injections of 17beta-estradiol (50 microg/kg/day, N = 30). After 4 weeks, genital hemodynamics and vaginal secretions were measured after pelvic nerve stimulation, and the animals were then killed. The expression and cellular localization of AQP-1, AQP-2, endothelial NOS (e-NOS), and neuronal NOS (n-NOS) were determined in each group by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression and cellular localization of AQPs and NOS isoforms after estrogen deprivation. RESULTS: Estimated vaginal secretions (mg, mean +/- standard error) were significantly lower in the ovariectomized group (2.9 +/- 0.62) than in the control group (5.7 +/- 1.25) and returned to the control value in the group after treatment with 17beta-estradiol (6.5 +/- 1.22) (P < 0.05). Both AQP-1 and e-NOS immunoreactivities were localized in the capillaries and venules of the lamina propria of the vagina, and n-NOS was expressed in the nerve fibers of the subepithelial lamina propria. The expression of AQP-2 was localized solely in the superficial layer of the vaginal epithelium. The protein expressions of AQP-2, e-NOS, and n-NOS were significantly lower after ovariectomy and were restored to the control level after 17beta-estradiol treatment. However, there was no significant change in AQP-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased vaginal secretion after estrogen deprivation may be partly due to functional changes in both AQPs and NOS isoforms in the vagina. The potential role of AQPs in water transport in the vagina might differ according to the type of AQP.</P>