Reflections on the China-Malaysia Economic Partnership

Shaher AL SHAHER,Mohamad ZREIK 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.3

The study aims to investigate whether Musharakah management has an impact on Chinese and Malaysian business partnerships. To estimate the relationship between Musharakah and the Sino-Malaysian partnership, this study uses a panel econometric technique namely pooled ordinary least squares. Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) is a common technique for estimating coefficients of linear regression equations which describe the relationship between one or more independent quantitative variables and a dependent variable. Data was retrieved from the annual reports (from 2009 to 2019) of non-financial firms listed on the stock exchange of China and Malaysia. Four partnership measures (i.e., Musharakah, Mudarabah, Tawuruq, and Kafalah) were used to estimate the impact of Musharakah on the Sino- Malaysian partnership. Empirical results reveal that Musharakah and Mudarabah are positively related to Kafalah but the relationship is statistically insignificant. Alternatively, Musharakah is positively and significantly related to Mudarabah. Musharakah and Mudarabah have a positive but insignificant relationship. The findings of this study suggest that management of partnership has a positive impact on firm partnership. Furthermore, it supports the hypothesis that improving partnership enhances Musharakah, which has a positive impact on the firm’s partnership.

The Belt and Road Initiative in Lebanon: A Promising Initiative in a Complex Society

Shaher AL SHAHER,Mohamad ZREIK 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.2

The study aims to investigate Lebanese-Chinese relations within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. Lebanon formally joined the effort in 2017; this paper emphasizes Lebanon’s geostrategic importance. The paper presents an assessment of the investment risks in Lebanon, which is considered an economically unstable country with a volatile security situation, with many internal and external political hurdles. The paper refers to the obstacles and challenges that the Chinese investor may face in Lebanese society. The study employs qualitative descriptive analysis to address the status of Chinese investment in Lebanon and the consequences of this partnership; the paper examines previous research related to the Belt and Road Initiative and the Lebanese political, security, and economic situation literature. Due to the deteriorating security situation, external intervention, and the economic crisis, the results reveal that Lebanon is not a top investment priority for China, which is a big impediment to China entering into economic cooperation with Lebanon. The findings of this study suggest that the Lebanese government should adopt an anti-corruption policy to build confidence for the Chinese investor, reduce unnecessary public spending, and hold a national dialogue to build confidence among the Lebanese parties.

The Impact of Job Characteristics and Value Congruence on Employee Retention: An Empirical Study from Lebanon

Shaher AL SHAHER,Mohamad ZREIK 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.3

Employee retention is becoming a crucial idea for businesses that aim to improve their performance, resulting in an increasing emphasis on the topic in today’s society. Employee retention refers to an organization’s ability to retain its employees. The retention of workers may be viewed as a technique used by companies to retain their personnel since it is linked to employer efforts to maintain their staff. Online surveys were initially done between April and July 2021. Furthermore, the study’s primary focus was employees of small and medium enterprises. To collect data, the questionnaires were distributed through Google forms. The survey used a snowballing technique because the questionnaires were circulated among the participants. Based on the results, the research found that Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Perceived Organizational Justice (POJ) mediate the relationship of Value Congruence (VC) and Job Characteristics (JS) and employee retention in the Lebanese Retail Sector. Employees appreciate POS because it satisfies their desires for acceptance, esteem, and connection and offers comfort during times of stress. Employers must give priority to equal effort to ensure equitable treatment for workers at work. By integrating justice and equality in all departments, the performance of workers may be enhanced.

A critical evaluation of the aerobic capacity demands of elite male soccer players

( Shaher A. I. Shalfawi ),( Leif Inge Tjelta ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2016 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.28 No.2

The present review investigate whether aerobic capacity of elite male soccer players has changed over the past 30-40 years, and sought to establish an improved estimate of aerobic capacity based on results reported in the literature. A systematic review of manuscripts reporting the match distance covered and/or the VO_2max of elite male soccer players was performed. Eighteen studies (published between 1967 and 2010) reporting the total distance covered and representing 14 countries (3,833 players), and 25 studies (published between 1975 and 2012) reporting VO_2max and representing 22 countries (1,921 players) were selected for analysis. Little, if any, relationship existed between the mean match play distance covered/VO_2max and the year of measurement/reporting. An improved estimate of the match play distance covered was calculated as 10,418 m with a pooled standard deviation of ± 933 m (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10,053 - 10,783 m) and a maximum mean of 12,650 m and minimum of 8,638 m. In addition, the improved estimate of the VO_2max was calculated as 59.38 mL · kg^-1 ·min^-1, with a pooled standard deviation of ± 3.74 mL·kg^-1 ·min^-1 (95% CI = 57.99 - 60.78 mL·kg^-1 ·min^-1) and a maximum mean of 67.6 mL · kg^-1 · min^-1, and a minimum of 52.1 mL · kg^-1 · min^-1. The results suggest that distance covered and VO_2max in elite male soccer players have been stable over the period from 1967 to 2012 and that aerobic metabolism is the major source of energy during the match. Thus, soccer players must possess a minimum aerobic capacity to cover the total match distances and to recover from high-intensity action.

Fractional Green function for linear time-fractional inhomogeneous partial differential equations in fluid mechanics

Shaher Momani,Zaid M. Odibat 한국전산응용수학회 2007 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.24 No.1

The Relationship between Measures of Sprinting, Aerobic Fitness, and Lower Body Strength and Power in Well-Trained Female Soccer Players

( Shaher A I Shalfawi ),( Eystein Enoksen ),( Espen Tønnessen ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2014 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.26 No.1

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between measures of sprinting ability, fatigue index, lower body strength and power output, and aerobic fitness in well-trained, young, elite female soccer players. The descriptive cross-sectional design was applied to 30 well-trained female soccer players (mean ± SD: age 19 ± 4 years, body mass 57.5 ± 6.9 kg, height 167 ± 4 cm) who agreed to participate in the study. Tests of 40 m linear sprint, 7 x 30 m repeated sprint ability with 30 s recovery, sprint with change of direction, multi stage fitness test (MSFT), and vertical jump were conducted on a soccer field. The results showed that squat jump (SJ) had the strongest relationship with 0-20 m start and acceleration phases, while countermovement jump (CMJ) had the strongest relationship with maximal sprinting speed over 20-40 m. Aerobic fitness measures were significantly related to linear sprint over 0-40 m, 20-40 m sprint times, repeated sprint ability (RSA) fastest time, total time, mean time, and sprint with change of direction. Linear sprint over 40 m had a strong relationship with RSA fastest time, RSA mean time, and RSA total time. Finally, a significant relationship was observed between measures of linear sprint and sprint with change of direction. The relationship observed between aerobic capacity and sprinting abilities and the results from the stepwise analysis suggest that separate training strategies are necessary to specifically target and improve performance in these abilities.

AN ALGORITHM FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF FRACTIONAL ORDER

Odibat, Zaid M.,Momani, Shaher Korean Society of Computational and Applied Mathem 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.1

We present and discuss an algorithm for the numerical solution of initial value problems of the form $D_*^\alpha$y(t) = f(t, y(t)), y(0) = y0, where $D_*^\alpha$y is the derivative of y of order $\alpha$ in the sense of Caputo and 0<${\alpha}{\leq}1$. The algorithm is based on the fractional Euler's method which can be seen as a generalization of the classical Euler's method. Numerical examples are given and the results show that the present algorithm is very effective and convenient.

An algorithm for the numerical solution of differential equationsof fractional order

Zaid M. Odibat,Shaher Momani 한국전산응용수학회 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.1

We present and discuss an algorithm for the numerical solution of initial value problems of the form D y(t) = f(t, y(t)), y(0) = y0, where D y is the derivative of y of order in the sense of Caputo and 0 < 1. The algorithm is based on the fractional Euler’s method which can be seen as a generalization of the classical Euler’s method. Numerical examples are given and the results show that the present algorithm is very effective and convenient. We present and discuss an algorithm for the numerical solution of initial value problems of the form D y(t) = f(t, y(t)), y(0) = y0, where D y is the derivative of y of order in the sense of Caputo and 0 < 1. The algorithm is based on the fractional Euler’s method which can be seen as a generalization of the classical Euler’s method. Numerical examples are given and the results show that the present algorithm is very effective and convenient.

Contribution of Arab countries to pharmaceutical wastewater literature

Sa’ed H. Zyoud,Shaher H. Zyoud,Samah W. Al-Jabi,Waleed M. Sweileh,Rahmat Awang 대한직업환경의학회 2016 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.28 No.-

Background: Recently, the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has been growing rapidly in many countries in the world, including in Arab countries. Pharmaceuticals reach aquatic environments and are prevalent at small concentrations in wastewater from the drug manufacturing industry and hospitals. Such presence also occurs in domestic wastewater and results from the disposal of unused and expired medicines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze and compare the quantity and quality of publications made by researchers in Arab countries on pharmaceutical wastewater. Methods: To retrieve documents related to pharmaceutical wastewater, we used the Scopus database on November 21, 2015. All documents with terms related to pharmaceutical wastewater in the title or abstract were analysed. Results obtained from Arab countries were compared with those obtained from Turkey, Iran and Israel. Results: Globally, a total of 6360 publications were retrieved while those from Arab countries, Iran, Turkey and Israel, were 179, 113, 96 and 54 publications respectively. The highest share of publications belonged to Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with a total of 47 (26.2 %) publications, followed by Egypt (38; 21.2 %), Tunisia (17; 9.5 %) and Morocco (16; 8.9 %). The total number of citations was 1635, with a mean of 9.13 and a median (inter quartile range) of 3 (1.0–10.0). The study identified 87 (48.6 %) documents with 32 countries of international collaboration with Arab countries. It was noted that Arab researchers collaborated mainly with authors in Western Europe (54; 30.2 %), followed by authors from the Asiatic region (29; 16.2 %) and Northern America (15; 8.4 %). The most productive institution was King Saud University, KSA (13; 7.3 %), followed by the National Research Centre, Egypt (10; 7.3 %). Conclusions: This study showed that KSA has the largest share of productivity on pharmaceutical wastewater research. Bibliometric analysis demonstrated that research productivity, mainly from Arab countries in pharmaceutical wastewater research, was relatively lagging behind. More research effort is required for Arab countries to catch up with those of non-Arab Middle Easter countries on pharmaceutical wastewater research.

DC Motor Speed Control via FoPID-Controllers

Iqbal M. Batiha,Shaher Momani,Radwan M. Batyha,Iqbal H. Jebril,Duha Abu Judeh,Jamal Oudetallah 한국지능시스템학회 2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.24 No.1

This work aims to propose several designs for controlling the DC motor speed of a car. Suchmotor is broadly used in numerous applications like blowers, lathe machines, cranes, elevators,milling machines, fans, drilling rigs, etc. For achieving our aim, two optimization algorithms(Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO)) will beexecuted to adjust the proposed controllers’ parameters. Accordingly, four Fractional-orderPID controllers (FoPID-controllers) will be formed in agreement with two types of schemes(Outstaloup’s and Continued Fraction Expansion (CFE) schemes), which will be used toapproximate the yielded Laplacian operators s±α, where 0 < α < 1.