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Communication of Young Black-Tailed Gulls, Larus crassirostris, in response to Parent's Behavior
Hoon Chung,Seokwan Cheong,Shi-Ryong Park 한국통합생물학회 2004 Animal cells and systems Vol.8 No.4
In the breeding colony of black-tailed gull, as nests of conspecific neighbors are very closely located, chicks are permanently exposed by sound and visual stimuli produced by adult conspecifics approaching their nests. The chicks, therefore, may need to learn ways to appropriately respond to their parents approach. In this study we experimentally manipulated sensory stimulation that is potentially provided by the parents to the offspring. Chicks incubated in the laboratory were exposed to a mew call of the conspecific adult. Then they were tested in three situations differing in sensory stimulation: 1) visual stimulation only, 2) auditory stimulation only, and 3) Simultaneous visual and auditory stimulations. We observed occurrence of different response of the chicks, which were categorized into three behaviors (begging call response, chirirah call and pecking behavior). We also investigated intensity of the chick's call in response to the different stimulations and the degree of response with age. The chicks exposed to only auditory stimulation made significantly more chirirah calls. The intensities (dB) of the mew call and chicks’ chirirah call were directly correlated. On the other hand, when chicks just saw the stuffed adult gull, they responded significantly more with a begging call and pecking behavior. In the situation of costimulation, the chicks responded with a begging call and pecking, but less frequently than visual stimulation only. The results suggest that young black-tailed gulls use call repertories to properly respond to parents behavior. Such results suggest an evolutionary process for uncreasing their survival rate in a group breeding site.
Territory Defense Strategy of the Wrinkled Frog, Rana rugosa
Park, Shi-Ryong,Cheong, Seokwan The Ecological Society of Korea 2002 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.25 No.1
The advertisement call of anurans functions to attract potential mates. The dominant frequency of an advertisement call is generally getting lower with increased snout-vent length (SVL) of the caller Rana rugosa has an advertisement call tilth a particularly high frequency modulation. We conducted a playback experiment to verify the function of frequency modulation, and investigated the territorial behavior of the frog. The frog has five types of territory defense strategy. Strategy choice depended on the caller's SVL. Small males became satellites or lowered the dominant frequency of their advertisement call, whereas large males actively defended their territory with encounter calls. In response to high frequency (1107 Hz) playback, the frogs lowered their advertisement call frequency, and towered them further in response to the low frequency (1028 Hz) playback. In addition, the number of pulses in a call was increased in response to the playback. These results indicate that the frog avoids physical conflict with competitors by selecting a territory defense strategy suitable for the caller's size, and by lowering its call frequency to disguise its SVL.
Behavioral Function of the Anomalous Song in the Bush Warbler, Cettia diphone
Shi-Ryong Park,Seokwan Cheong,Hoon Chung 한국통합생물학회 2004 Animal cells and systems Vol.8 No.2
The bush warblers (Cettia diphone) have been recognized to possess two types of songs: a normal song that plays roles in attracting mate and territorial defense, and an anomalous song. The present study suggests that the anomalous song functions as an alarm signal as well as other unknown signals. Field observations and playback experiments on the anomalous song of bush warbler were conducted in order to investigate the contextual information that occurred between sender and receiver. In the field observation, the males frequently emitted anomalous songs to potential predators. The males responded with an anomalous song to stuffed potential predators. The distance from where the anomalous song occurs to the stimulating source varied depending upon the kinds of stimulus. The males of bush warbler possibly show different responses to the anomalous song depending on the level of danger. When the anomalous song was played back to terrestrial males and females, no distinctive behavior was observed. The anomalous song may be sung to defend the territory against predators or to distract invaders from the nest and female because the male and female behaviors were related with the anomalous song and its phonetic characteristics.
다양한 분류기법을 이용한 네트워크상의 P2P 데이터 분류실험
한석완,황진수,Han, Seokwan,Hwang, Jinsoo 한국통계학회 2015 응용통계연구 Vol.28 No.1
Security has become an issue due to the rapid increases in internet traffic data network. Especially P2P traffic data poses a great challenge to network systems administrators. Preemptive measures are necessary for network quality of service(QoS) and efficient resource management like blocking suspicious traffic data. Deep packet inspection(DPI) is the most exact way to detect an intrusion but it may pose a private security problem that requires time. We used several machine learning methods to compare the performance in classifying network traffic data accurately over time. The Random Forest method shows an excellent performance in both accuracy and time. 인터넷 트래픽의 증가로 인하여 네트워크의 보안 문제가 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 그 중에서도 특히 P2P 트래픽의 증가는 모든 서버의 관리자에게는 해결해야할 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 서버에서 네트워크 트래픽을 조사하여 문제가 있는 트래픽을 미리 차단하는 것은 서비스 품질의 향상과 자원의 효율적인 사용 측면에서 바람직하나 오가는 패킷의 내부정보를 조사하는 것은 개인정보보호 차원에서 문제가 있을 수 있으며 시간과 노력이 많이 소요되므로 요즘은 통계적인 기계학습의 방법을 이용하여 이상 트래픽을 찾아내는 연구가 주를 이루고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근의 기계학습방법 중에서 널리 쓰이는 방법들을 비교 연구하여 그 결과 랜덤포리스트(random forest)라고 불리는 방법의 우수함을 보였다.
Begging Signals for Food in Young Black-Tailed Gulls, Larus crassirostris
Hoon Chung,Ha-Cheol Sung,Seokwan Cheong,Shi-Ryong Park 한국실험동물학회 2005 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.21 No.4
We divided young black-tailed gulls in laboratory into two groups, high condition group (fed hard mass) and low condition group (fed soft mass). In order to see special behaviors of begging, we tested two condition groups at levels three levels of food deprivation (1, 4, 12h). We found out that both begging call rate and pecking rate increased in direct proportion to fasting time of food deprivation. Begging call rate, call intensity (㏈), and pecking rate were significantly greater in the low condition group. The food quality was also core factor changing the rate in begging call, pecking and call intensity (㏈). Such begging behaviors were shown more in the late stage than the early stage after hatching. It seems the means of encouraging parents' responses, considering increased feeds in direct proportion to the high metabolic rates of young gulls. These issues require further experimental study under natural and laboratory conditions with parents in this species.