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Association between Age and Trunk Muscle Area and Density in Patients with Spinal Metastases
Dohzono Sho,Sasaoka Ryuichi,Takamatsu Kiyohito,Nakamura Hiroaki 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.5
Study Design: A retrospective study.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between age and trunk muscle composition and between trunk muscle composition and overall survival in patients with spinal metastasis.Overview of Literature: A low skeletal muscle mass is associated with a poor overall survival in patients with cancer. However, no previous studies have evaluated the relative effects of age and disease on muscle mass and muscle quality in patients with advanced cancer.Methods: This study included 539 patients diagnosed with spinal metastasis from February 2009 to July 2018. The patients were categorized into four groups based on age: <59, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years. Differences in trunk muscle composition among age groups and among groups were classified on the basis of survival (< or >3 months after spinal metastasis diagnosis) were evaluated.Results: In total, 515 patients (273 men, 242 women; mean age, 67.8 years) with complete medical records were included in the analysis. No significant differences were observed in the area of the psoas and paravertebral muscles among age groups in either sex. A significant trend toward a low muscle density with the increase in age was found for both sexes. Patients who survived less than 3 months had significantly smaller trunk muscle area than those who survived for more than 3 months in both sexes.Conclusions: The results suggest that the reduction in muscle density is associated with advanced age, whereas a decreased muscle area is associated with pathology. Additionally, a small trunk muscle area was associated with a short overall survival. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of age- versus cancer-related changes in the muscle area and their influence on overall survival.
The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Environmental Risk: A Survey of Fukushima Residents
Miyawaki, Takeshi,Sasaoka, Shinya Center for Asian Public Opinion ResearchCollaborat 2017 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.5 No.1
The Fukushima nuclear accident caused by an earthquake and a subsequent tsunami on March 11, 2011 has seriously impacted the environment surrounding the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. While all the residents near the plant were evacuated from the area deemed uninhabitable after the accident, residents of the neighboring area outside of the evacuation zone still seem to live in fear of invisible radiation. To understand Fukushima residents' thinking about the environmental risks that accompany a nuclear disaster, we utilize a poll of the residents of Fukushima conducted in 2013. Based on the survey data, we reveal factors that seem to strongly affect their knowledge and concerns about nuclear power plants. The results of the multivariate analysis show the importance of the following two factors: (1) confidence in mass media, and (2) trust in institutions in charge of administering the accident, especially the central government, the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, and Tokyo Electric Power Company. We conclude that the more people trust mass media and particular institutions, the more likely it is that they are have an elevated sense of anxiety and fear of the presence of nuclear plants.
The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Environmental Risk: A Survey of Fukushima Residents
Takeshi Miyawaki,Shinya Sasaoka 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2017 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.5 No.1
The Fukushima nuclear accident caused by an earthquake and a subsequent tsunami on March 11, 2011 has seriously impacted the environment surrounding the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. While all the residents near the plant were evacuated from the area deemed uninhabitable after the accident, residents of the neighboring area outside of the evacuation zone still seem to live in fear of invisible radiation. To understand Fukushima residents’ thinking about the environmental risks that accompany a nuclear disaster, we utilize a poll of the residents of Fukushima conducted in 2013. Based on the survey data, we reveal factors that seem to strongly affect their knowledge and concerns about nuclear power plants. The results of the multivariate analysis show the importance of the following two factors: (1) confidence in mass media, and (2) trust in institutions in charge of administering the accident, especially the central government, the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, and Tokyo Electric Power Company. We conclude that the more people trust mass media and particular institutions, the more likely it is that they are have an elevated sense of anxiety and fear of the presence of nuclear plants. Key
Shinji Matsumoto,Hideki Shimada,Takashi Sasaoka 한국지질과학협의회 2017 Geosciences Journal Vol.21 No.3
The disintegration of rocks by weathering plays an important role in the occurrence of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), which is the environmental problem caused by the exposure of sulfide minerals to water and oxygen. The weathering of rocks is, generally, classified into physical or chemical weathering. However, there are few studies that focus on the complex interaction between physical and chemical weathering of rocks and on the effects of the interaction on the occurrence of AMD. This paper elucidates the complex interrelation between physical and chemical weathering of rocks as well as the progress of AMD through leaching test and weathering test with argillaceous rocks taken in open-cast coal mine in Indonesia in addition to sample analysis before and after the wetting and drying cycle: the rock samples were exposed to oxygen and water during the cycle. The results indicated that the argillaceous rocks which consist of sulfide and/or sulfate caused chemical weathering with micro-cracks on the surface of rocks through the dissolution of soluble iron and sulfur during the occurrence of AMD. Additionally, physical weathering of rocks due to clay minerals was accelerated by chemical weathering with the development of cracks with the occurrence of AMD in the argillaceous rocks containing kaolinite and pyrite. Although weathering of rocks also accelerated AMD, it was concluded that the sulfur content, the form of sulfur and iron in rocks, and the supply of oxygen significantly contributed to the occurrence of AMD.