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Kôji Sasakawa,김정락,김종국,Kôhei Kubota 한국응용곤충학회 2013 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.16 No.4
A flightless carabid beetle, Pterostichus bellatrix (Tschitschérine, 1895),which is endemic to the Korean Peninsula,had been thought to comprise two subspecies: the nominotypical subspecies distributed in northern and central parts of the peninsula, and the subspecies P. bellatrix togyusanus Park and Kwon, 1996, distributed in the southern part of the peninsula. A recent study upgraded these two subspecies to species level, but no convincing evidence was provided for this taxonomic change. Our comparative morphology of external and male genital characters revealed that these two species are paraphyletic with respect to Pterostichus syleus Kirschenhofer, 1997, which was described from Liaoning Province, China. Thus, separate species status of P. bellatrix and P. togyusanus was confirmed phylogenetically. Although P. togyusanus has only been known fromthe type locality, Mt. Deogyusan,we newly record this species from Mt. Jirisan, a mountain located south of the known locality. A revised key to species of the Pterostichus opacipennis species group (=the subgenus Koreonialoe (s. str.) Park and Kwon,1996), which now includes 14 species, is also provided.
Kôji Sasakawa,김중락,김종국,Kôhei Kubota 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.1
To investigate the history of differentiation of the Pterostichus raptor species group of carabid beetles, endemic to the Korean Peninsula and adjacent islands, we performed cladistic analyses based on 30 adult morphological characters for all 12 species of the group and an outgroup species. The resultant tree revealed threemonophyletic cladeswithin the group, each ofwhich is composed of 3–6 parapatric or allopatric species; the three clades occur sympatrically in most parts of the peninsula. Reconstructions of geographic range history on the obtained tree showed that the initial divergence of the three clades occurred in the TaebaekMountains and that each clade subsequently dispersed southward and speciated after that dispersal.
Molecular mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Jo, Eun-Kyeong,Kim, Jin Kyung,Shin, Dong-Min,Sasakawa, Chihiro CHINESE SOCIETY OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016 CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY Vol.13 No.2
<P>Inflammasomes are multi-protein signaling complexes that trigger the activation of inflammatory caspases and the maturation of interleukin-1 beta. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is best characterized and has been linked with various human autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in the cytosol. We also describe the binding partners of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes activating or inhibiting the inflammasome assembly. Our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and how these influence inflammatory responses offers further insight into potential therapeutic strategies to treat inflammatory diseases associated with dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.</P>
Impact of Siberian observations on the optimization of surface CO2 flux
Kim, Jinwoong,Kim, Hyun Mee,Cho, Chun-Ho,Boo, Kyung-On,Jacobson, Andrew R.,Sasakawa, Motoki,Machida, Toshinobu,Arshinov, Mikhail,Fedoseev, Nikolay Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.17 No.4
<P>Abstract. To investigate the effect of additional CO2 observations in the Siberia region on the Asian and global surface CO2 flux analyses, two experiments using different observation data sets were performed for 2000-2009. One experiment was conducted using a data set that includes additional observations of Siberian tower measurements (Japan-Russia Siberian Tall Tower Inland Observation Network: JR-STATION), and the other experiment was conducted using a data set without the above additional observations. The results show that the global balance of the sources and sinks of surface CO2 fluxes was maintained for both experiments with and without the additional observations. While the magnitude of the optimized surface CO2 flux uptake and flux uncertainty in Siberia decreased from −1.17 ± 0.93 to −0.77 ± 0.70 Pg C yr−1, the magnitude of the optimized surface CO2 flux uptake in the other regions (e.g., Europe) of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) land increased for the experiment with the additional observations, which affect the longitudinal distribution of the total NH sinks. This change was mostly caused by changes in the magnitudes of surface CO2 flux in June and July. The observation impact measured by uncertainty reduction and self-sensitivity tests shows that additional observations provide useful information on the estimated surface CO2 flux. The average uncertainty reduction of the conifer forest of Eurasian boreal (EB) is 29.1 % and the average self-sensitivities at the JR-STATION sites are approximately 60 % larger than those at the towers in North America. It is expected that the Siberian observations play an important role in estimating surface CO2 flux in the NH land (e.g., Siberia and Europe) in the future. </P>