A Comparative Study of Korean and U.S. Firms amid COVID-19 Supply Chain Disruptions: The Role of Relational Capital for Improving Ambidextrous Innovation and Firm Performance

Aaron Rae Stephens(Aaron Rae Stephens ),Charles Arthur Robb(Charles Arthur Robb ),Minhyo Kang(Minhyo Kang) The International Academy of Global Business and T 2022 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.18 No.5

Purpose - Supply chain disruptions have plagued firms since the advent of COVID-19 lockdowns. As a result, supply chains remain unstable and dynamic. To better understand supply chain management during periods of disruption, this study compares the impact of relational capital on ambidextrous innovation and firm performance between Korean and U.S firms. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study includes a sample of 200 Korean firms and 227 U.S firms. PLS-SEM is the statistical tool utilized with MICOM multigroup analysis. Findings - Korean and U.S. firms were found to be different on three different pathways indicating that open innovation and investment in supplier relations improve supply chain disruption orientation, exploration innovation, and firm performance Research Implications - Relationship capital can significantly improve supply chain management, innovation, and firm performance. Exploitation innovation is better for enhancing supply chain management in the short-term amid interruptions.

Building Supply Chain Resilience and Market Performance through Organizational Culture: An Empirical Study Utilizing the Stimulus-Organism-Response Model

Aaron Rae Stephens(Aaron Rae Stephens),Min-Hyo Kang(Min-Hyo Kang),Charles Arthur Robb(Charles Arthur Robb) 동아시아무역학회 2022 Journal of East Asian Trade(JEAT) Vol.4 No.1

Purpose – Supply chain disruptions have dominated business planning and performance since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and continue to mar organizations through 2022. This research carefully examines the role of organizational culture in developing both supply chain resilience and market performance amid supply chain disruptions. Design/Methodology/Approach – An empirical study of over 200 South Korean firms were tested. The model is tested using PLS-SEM; furthermore, mediation effects enrich the quality of the findings. This research is framed utilizing the stimulus-organism-response model; thus, emphasizing the highly dynamic business environment that has ensued. Findings – The research confirms that supply chain disruption orientation, a strategic orientation and a proxy for a well-prepared organizational culture, leads to both supply chain resilience and market performance. Results also confirm that resilience reinforces market performance throughout the supply chain. Study contributions suggest that firms should consider themselves as organisms within a highly dynamic environment and develop a highly prepared organizational culture in order to bolster supply chain resilience and market performance. Research Implications – Scholars can further employ the stimulus-organism-response model in firm-level research and further study the link between organizational culture and supply chain performance amid COVID-19. Finally, the results of this research provide guidelines for organizations when they decide on operational procedures during the pandemic, as they aim to produce greater returns for their ventures.

Korean Foreign Direct Investment in Australian Manufacturing and Services in the 1990s : Motivation, Competitive Advantage, Entry Mode Strategy, Control and Performance

Nicholas, Stephen,Purcell, William,Suh, Chung-Sok 중앙대학교 호주학연구소 2000 Journal of Australian studies Vol.7 No.1

Effect of Emotional Intelligence Training and Cognitive Restructuring Therapy on Self-Esteem of Secondary School Students Experiencing Academic Failure in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Stephen Oluwaseun Emmanuel,Moses Oluwafemi Ogundokun 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2023 Journal of Humanities Therapy Vol.14 No.1

Students experiencing academic failure often get the feeling of rejection from their parents, peers, teachers among others which ultimately impacts on their self-esteem. They evaluate themselves based on the subjective opinion from peers which may cause individuals to judge themselves worthy or unworthy based on the feedback they get from others. This study therefore examined the use of emotional intelligence training and cognitive restructuring on self-esteem of secondary school students experiencing academic failure in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The moderating effects of gender and academic motivation were also examined. A pretest-posttest, control group, quasi-experimental design with a 3x2x3 factorial matrix was adopted. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed. Three local government areas were randomly selected from Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. One public Senior Secondary School were randomly selected from each of the local government area. 120 (M= 53, F=67) senior secondary school students 2 who were experiencing academic failure were screened for the self-esteem and were randomly assigned to Emotional Intelligence Training (40), Cognitive Restructuring Therapy (40) and Control Group (40). Treatment lasted for eight weeks training for emotional intelligence training Journal of Humanities Therapy, Humanities Institute, Kangwon National University, Korea 2023, vol.14-1, pp.75~104 https://doi.org/10.33252/jht.2023.6.14.1.75 ISSN 2765-2653(Online) 76 Stephen Oluwaseun Emmanuel ; Moses Oluwafemi Ogundokun_ Effect of Emotional ... Ⅰ. Introduction Students experiencing academic failure often get the feeling of rejection from parents, peers, and teachers, among others; this feedback may reduce their self-esteem. The impact of self-esteem on a variety of outcomes has been the subject of numerous studies in different disciplines of psychology (e.g., Orth, Robins, Widaman, and Conger, 2014; Pyszczynski, Greenberg, Solomon, Arndt, and Schimel, 2004). In the past, researchers considered having a high level of self-esteem as being wholly positive (Baumeister, Heatherton, and Tice, 1993). According to Diener and Diener (1995), having a high self-esteem was linked to a number of favourable outcomes, including life satisfaction and academic performance (Bowles, 1999). Contrarily, low self-esteem was mostly associated with negative outcomes like depression and poor academic performance (Crocker and Park 2004; DeWit, Adlaf, Offord, and Ogborne, 2000). and cognitive restructuring therapy groups. Data were analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Multiple Classification Analysis at the 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated that there was a significant main effect of treatments on self-esteem of the participants experiencing academic failure. There was no significant interaction effect of academic motivation and gender on self-esteem of students experiencing academic failures. Both Emotional Intelligence Training and Cognitive Restructuring Therapy were effective in managing self-esteem of students experiencing academic failure. It was recommended that Counselling Psychologists and Educational Psychologists should utilise these therapies to manage self-esteem of students.

Natural frequency error estimation for 3D brick elements

Stephen, D.B.,Steven, G.P. Techno-Press 1997 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.5 No.2

In computing eigenvalues for a large finite element system it has been observed that the eigenvalue extractors produce eigenvectors that are in some sense more accurate than their corresponding eigenvalues. From this observation the paper uses a patch type technique based on the eigenvector for one mesh quality to provide an eigenvalue error indicator. Tests show this indicator to be both accurate and reliable. This technique was first observed by Stephen and Steven for an error estimation for buckling and natural frequency of beams and two dimensional in-plane and out-of-plane structures. This paper produces and error indicator for the more difficult problem of three dimensional brick elements.

SYMPOSIUM : UNCORPORATION : A NEW AGE? : ABOLISHING LLC VEIL PIERCING

Stephen M. Bainbridge 동국대학교 2007 商事法 세미나 Vol.22 No.-

人口問題와 經濟發達

Enke, Stephen 단국대학교 상경대학 상학연구부 1963 商學論叢 Vol.2 No.-

수술실에 있어서의 Team Nursing

Sister M. Stephen Ann,이연실 대한간호협회 1967 대한간호 Vol.6 No.4

In vivo tumour imaging employing regional delivery of novel Gallium radiolabelled polymer composites

Ross W. Stephens,Gregory D. Tredwell,Jessica L. Bell,Karen J. Knox,Lee A. Philip,Tim J. Senden,Michael J. Tapner,Stephanie A. Bickley,Marcel R. Tanudji,Stephen K. Jones 한국생체재료학회 2021 생체재료학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Background: Understanding the regional vascular delivery of particles to tumour sites is a prerequisite for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic composites for treatment of oncology patients. We describe a novel imageable 67Ga-radiolabelled polymer composite that is biocompatible in an animal tumour model and can be used for preclinical imaging investigations of the transit of different sized particles through arterial networks of normal and tumour-bearing organs. Results: Radiolabelling of polymer microspheres with 67Ga was achieved using a simple mix and wash method, with tannic acid as an immobilising agent. Final in vitro binding yields after autoclaving averaged 94.7%. In vivo stability of the composite was demonstrated in New Zealand white rabbits by intravenous administration, and intrahepatic artery instillations were made in normal and VX2 tumour implanted rabbit livers. Stability of radiolabel was sufficient for rabbit lung and liver imaging over at least 3 hours and 1 hour respectively, with lung retention of radiolabel over 91%, and retention in both normal and VX2 implanted livers of over 95%. SPECT-CT imaging of anaesthetised animals and planar imaging of excised livers showed visible accumulation of radiolabel in tumours. Importantly, microsphere administration and complete liver dispersal was more easily achieved with 8 μm diameter MS than with 30 μm MS, and the smaller microspheres provided more distinct and localised tumour imaging. Conclusion: This method of producing 67Ga-radiolabelled polymer microspheres is suitable for SPECT-CT imaging of the regional vascular delivery of microspheres to tumour sites in animal models. Sharper distinction of model tumours from normal liver was obtained with smaller MS, and tumour resolution may be further improved by the use of 68Ga instead of 67Ga, to enable PET imaging.

U.S. Military Transformation: Implications for Northeast Asia and Korea

Stephen J. Flanagan 한국전략문제연구소 2008 전략연구 Vol.- No.43

미국의 군사변혁 노력은 1991년 이후 국제안보환경, 군사기술, 조직행태, 동맹능력의 변화에 따라 영향을 받아왔다. 소련의 위협을 저지하기 위해 요구되었던 군사배치, 군사기지, 전력과 명령체계가 냉전의 종식과 더불어 1990년대에 들어와 군사변혁의 첫 단계가 시작된 것이다. 2001년 이후 시작된 군사변혁의 두 번째 단계는 급속한 세계화에 따른 비대칭 위협, 비정규전, 복잡하고 과도기적 도전에 대한 높은 경각심에서 비롯되었다. 미국의 군사적 패권이 지속되는 한 대부분의 국가들은 앞으로 전통적인 수단으로는 미국에 대항할 수 없다고 생각한다. 따라서 미국의 군사기획 담당자들은 향후 10년 이상 비대칭전이 분쟁의 주된 형태가 될 것으로 예측한다. 2001년과 2006년의 ‘4개년 방위검토’(QDR)는 모두 ‘불확실성’이 국제 안보환경의 또 다른 특징이라는데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 더 이상 언제 어디서 미국 또는 미국의 동맹국이 공격을 당할 지 알 수 없게 된 것이다. 안보는 대규모 전쟁, 적성국의 비대칭 공격, 대량살상무기와 탄도미사일의 확산, 혹은 대량살상무기를 수단으로 한 국제 테러리즘 등에 의해 위협받을 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 평가를 기초로 미국의 군사기획 담당자들은 다양하고 비대칭적인 위협에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해서는 ‘보다 유연한 방위태세’(more flexible posture)가 필요하며, 미군의 배치와 작전 또한 지역적인 수준에서 범세계적 수준으로 범위를 넓혀야 한다는 결론을 내렸다. 2004년 완성된 ‘범세계적 방위태세 검토’(GPR: Global Posture Review)는 해외주둔 미군의 지리적 재편의 큰 틀을 잡았다. GPR은 국제적인 군사작전과 이를 위한 미군기지의 요건들을 재평가하고 다음과 같이 결론지었다. 미국은 군사작전지역뿐만 아니라 군사시설이 드문 지역까지를 포함한 광범위한 지역에 신속하고도 확실하게 접근해야 하고, 잠재적인 불안과 갈등을 지닌 지역에 군대를 배치하고 운용해야 한다. 이를 위해 냉전시기의 수많은 기지들의 통합도 고려해야 한다. 동북아에서의 GPR 작업은 한국 및 일본과의 협의와 교섭을 통해 이루어졌다. 2004년 한국정부와 몇 차례 마찰이 있기는 했으나, 미 국방부 당국자들은 곧 이러한 핵심 동맹국들과의 효과적 교섭과 안보 협력의 중요성을 깨달았다. 동맹국들이 새로운 책임을 수행할 능력이 있는지 그리고 국내적 지지를 확보할 수 있는지에 대한 조심스런 평가 또한 미국의 군사변혁 계획을 성공적으로 이행하고 지역안정과 안보를 유지해 나가는데 필수적 요소라는 점도 인식하게 되었다. 종종 어려운 상황을 연출하긴 했지만, 지난 수년간 일본 및 한국 정부와의 협상을 통해 오랜 동맹국들에 대한 미국의 방위 공약을 강화하는 한편 9.11 이후의 새로운 안보위협에 대응하기 위한 지역 내 미군 방위태세의 변혁을 이끌어 냈다고 할 수 있다. 동시에 일본과 한국 모두 국제안보문제에 대한 관여의 정도가 높아졌다. 일본은 인도양, 이라크, 기타 중동지역에 자위대를 파견했고, 한국은 이라크와 아프가니스탄에 파병했다. 세계의 안정과 번영에 동아시아의 중요성이 커짐에 따라 미국이 한국, 일본, 호주, 태국, 그리고 필리핀과 동맹을 유지하는 것은 향후 십년 간 미국외교의 우선순위를 점하게 될 것이다. 2기 부시정권은 미국의 전략 목표를 실현하는데 있어서 동맹과 국제적 동반자를 확보하는 것이 매우 중요하다는 사실을 확인했다. 맥케인과 오바마 모두 집권할 경우 유럽과 동아시아에서 미국의 동맹관계를 활성화하는 데 역점을 두겠다고 공약하였다. 아프가니스탄과 이라크 군사작전 그리고 반테러 활동을 펼치는 가운데 얻게 된 교훈을 바탕으로 미국 군사변혁의 또 다른 단계가 시작되었다. 이는 엄밀히 말해 군사변혁이라기 보다는 정부변혁(governmental transformation)에 가깝다. 즉 군사적 수단만으로는 이러한 분쟁에서 승리를 얻을 수 없다는 뼈아픈 교훈을 얻은 것이다. 미국과 동맹국 간의 정부 및 비정부 차원의 다양한 요소들이 잘 결합되어야만 성공할 수 있다. 따라서 2006년 QDR은 미국정부가 민군 통합작전을 실행하고, 특히 국방부의 경우 국제적 동반자와의 협력을 증대시킴과 동시에 이들의 역량을 강화하는데 역점을 둬야한다고 역설했다. 작년 조셉 나이 전 국방부 차관보과 리처드 아미티지 전 국무부 부장관이 주도한 ‘CSIS Commission on Smart Power’ 보고서와 게이츠 국방장관이 강조한 것은 소프트파워를 활용하는 미국의 역량을 증대시키고, 이와 관련하여 국무부와 여타 부처의 예산을 늘리고, 소프트파워와 하드파워를 좀 더 기술적으로 통합하는 능력을 강화해야 한다는 것이었다. 향후 수년간 지속될 군사변혁의 다음 단계는 소프트파워와 하드파워의 균형을 찾는 노력이 될 것이다.