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Crisp, Ryan W.,Pach, Gregory F.,Kurley, J. Matthew,France, Ryan M.,Reese, Matthew O.,Nanayakkara, Sanjini U.,MacLeod, Bradley A.,Talapin, Dmitri V.,Beard, Matthew C.,Luther, Joseph M. American Chemical Society 2017 Nano letters Vol.17 No.2
<P>We developed a monolithic CdTe–PbS tandem solar cell architecture in which both the CdTe and PbS absorber layers are solution-processed from nanocrystal inks. Due to their tunable nature, PbS quantum dots (QDs), with a controllable band gap between 0.4 and ∼1.6 eV, are a promising candidate for a bottom absorber layer in tandem photovoltaics. In the detailed balance limit, the ideal configuration of a CdTe (<I>E</I><SUB>g</SUB> = 1.5 eV)–PbS tandem structure assumes infinite thickness of the absorber layers and requires the PbS band gap to be 0.75 eV to theoretically achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 45%. However, modeling shows that by allowing the thickness of the CdTe layer to vary, a tandem with efficiency over 40% is achievable using bottom cell band gaps ranging from 0.68 and 1.16 eV. In a first step toward developing this technology, we explore CdTe–PbS tandem devices by developing a ZnTe–ZnO tunnel junction, which appropriately combines the two subcells in series. We examine the basic characteristics of the solar cells as a function of layer thickness and bottom-cell band gap and demonstrate open-circuit voltages in excess of 1.1 V with matched short circuit current density of 10 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> in prototype devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2017/nalefd.2017.17.issue-2/acs.nanolett.6b04423/production/images/medium/nl-2016-04423k_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl6b04423'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Ryan Sungpyo Sohn 한국관세학회 2018 한국관세학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11
On July 10, 2018, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) issued a statement on proposed action of an additional 10% duty on products of China worth approximately $200 billion. The USTR lists out 6,031 tariff subheadings in an annex to the announcement that will be subject to the 10% ad valorem duty. This action by the USTR is in response to a directive from the President to identify additional trade remedy actions that the US could take in response to China’s retaliatory tariffs based on US imposition of 25% tariffs on $34 billion in Chinese imports. The USTR will seek public comments and will hold a public hearing for the proposed additional tariffs. Thus this is the right time to suggest alternative dispute resolution initiating such as arbitration and mediation.
Influence of turbulence modeling on CFD simulation results of tornado-structure interaction
Ryan Honerkamp,Zhi Li,Gui-rong Yan,Kakkattukuzhy M. Isaac 한국풍공학회 2022 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.35 No.2
Tornadic wind flow is inherently turbulent. A turbulent wind flow is characterized by fluctuation of the velocity in the flow field with time, and it is a dynamic process that consists of eddy formation, eddy transportation, and eddy dissipation due to viscosity. Properly modeling turbulence significantly increases the accuracy of numerical simulations. The lack of a clear and detailed comparison between turbulence models used in tornadic wind flows and their effects on tornado induced pressure demonstrates a significant research gap. To bridge this research gap, in this study, two representative turbulence modeling approaches are applied in simulating real-world tornadoes to investigate how the selection of turbulence models affects the simulated tornadic wind flow and the induced pressure on structural surface. To be specific, LES with Smagorinsky-Lilly Subgrid and k-ω are chosen to simulate the 3D full-scale tornado and the tornado-structure interaction with a building present in the computational domain. To investigate the influence of turbulence modeling, comparisons are made of velocity field and pressure field of the simulated wind field and of the pressure distribution on building surface between the cases with different turbulence modeling.
Ryan J. Lukeman,Leah F. Beveridge,Andrea D. Flynn,David J. Garbary 한국조류학회I 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.1
A mathematical model of the commercial harvest of Palmaria palmata (Dulse) is presented based on a logistic model and field data collected on Digby Neck, Nova Scotia from 14 harvested shores during May to August, 2010. Field observations used to estimate model parameters included cover of Dulse before and after harvest from Dulse dominated boulders for which surface area was estimated, and from which fresh biomass of harvested Dulse was weighed. Over all the surveys the average harvest fraction was about 50%, and the total resource was about 1,600 g m-2. With growth rates in excess of 4% per day and a 50% harvest of the standing crop each month, the model suggests that the Dulse resource is sustainable at current harvest levels.
Finite-element modeling of a light-framed wood roof structure
Ryan B Jacklin,Ashraf A. El Damatty,Ahmed A. Dessouki 한국풍공학회 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.6
Past high speed wind events have exposed the vulnerability of the roof systems of existing light-framed wood structures to uplift loading, contributing greatly to economic and human loss. This paper further investigates the behaviour of light-framed wood structures under the uplift loading of a realistic pressure distribution. A three-dimensional finite-element model is first developed to capture the behaviour of a recently completed full-scale experiment. After describing the components used to develop the numerical model, a comparison between the numerical prediction and experimental results in terms of the deflected shape at the roof-to-wall connections is presented to gain confidence in the numerical model. The model is then used to analyze the behaviour of the truss system under realistic and equivalent uniform pressure distributions and to perform an assessment of the use of the tributary area method to calculate the withdrawal force acting on the roof-to-wall connections.
Buddhist No-Self and Mindful Consumerism
Ryan Long 동국대학교 불교학술원 2007 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.8 No.-
Fundamental Buddhist concepts, such as interrelatedness, karma, and desire, readily tie into an ecologically sustainable perspective. These, and other Buddhist views and ideas, if integrated into daily life choices, have great potential for rectifying and enhancing human interactions with ecosystems and the universe as a whole. This paper is written in an attempt to investigate and encourage the role of Buddhists as mindful consumers through a two-fold synthesis. It incorporates the consideration of both Buddhist philosophy and ecological sustainability issues through academic literature review while illustrating the potential for active integration among the two areas of thought through the use of creative metaphor expansion and short fictional stories, in addition to more conventional academic style. It has been the attempt of the author to apply such a format for discussion without undermining the academic integrity of the paper and it is the hope of the author that such an approach will expedite a more thorough understanding of the topic.
Ryan Firdiansyah Suryawan,Basneldi, Mochammad Fatchoelqorib,Renil Septiano,Laynita Sari,Sri Widodo,Sri Yanthy Yosepha,Sugianto,Nurwulan Kusuma Devi 대한산업공학회 2022 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.21 No.3
Facility location is an integral part of organizational strategy that can play an essential role in the strategic orientations of the organization. This activity includes many factors that may be inherently conflicting, so that if the necessary checks are not made when choosing a location, it can affect the life of the organization in the long run. The purpose of this study is to investigate the location of facilities in the supply chain distribution and develop a new mathematical model for this problem. This research method uses quantitative, the problem instances have been generated with a variety of different conditions and then solved with the proposed model using the exact solution software GAMS. The results of optimizing the supply chain facility location model show that considering long-term decisions simultaneously can lead to a drastic reduction in supply chain costs.