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Understanding the Concept of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Athletes: A Narrative Review
Anvi RANA(Anvi RANA ) 한국스포츠과학회 2022 스포츠과학연구(JSAS) Vol.6 No.4
New insights into the aetiology of anaemia in athletes have been discovered in recent years. From hemodilution and redistribution, which are thought to commit to so-called “sports anaemia,” to iron deficiency triggered by higher requirements, dietary requirements, decreased uptake, enhanced losses, hemolysis, and sequester, to genetic factors of different types of anaemia (some related to sport), anaemia in athletes necessitates a careful and multisystem methodology. Dietary factors that hinder iron absorption and enhance iron bioavailability (e.g., phytate, polyphenols) should be considered. Celiac disease, which is more common in female athletes, may be the consequence of an iron deficiency anaemia that is unidentified. Sweating, hematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, inflammation, and intravascular and extravascular hemolysis are all ways iron is lost during strength training. In training, evaluating the iron status, particularly in athletes at risk of iron deficiency, may work on improving iron balance and possibly effectiveness. Iron status is influenced by a healthy gut microbiome. To eliminate hemolysis, athletes at risk of iron deficiency should engage in non-weight-bearing, low-intensity sporting activities.
Transition Between ZnO Nanorods and ZnO Nanotubes with Their Antithetical Properties
Rana, Abu ul Hassan Sarwar,Kang, Mingi,Jeong, Eun-Seon,Kim, Hyun-Seok American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.16 No.10
<P>In this study, we present the fabrication and transition between ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) and ZnO nanotubes (ZNTs) with their antithetical properties. We etch the aqueous chemically grown ZNRs into ZNTs via a chemical etching method in KCl solution without any surface and subsurface processing on ZNRs. In order to have a perfect transition, we change the parameters, such as KCl molar concentration, etching time, and catalyzing temperature. The SEM images show a perfect transition from ZNRs into ZNTs with almost the same diameter of around 60 nm, which is one of the smallest achieved for a transition at this time. The transition dependence of ZNRs into ZNTs on the diameter and the surface roughness of ZNRs is also substantiated by applying the etching on ZnO nanopyramids that are either not etched at the given etching time or started etching with the dissolution of lateral walls. The two different structures are characterized via a two-probe method to look at the antithetical electrical behavior of ZNRs and ZNTs. It is proved that ZNTs are more sensitive, have higher levels of current, and have lower turn-on voltages because ZNTs have a higher level of surface and subsurface oxygen vacancies with a higher surface-to-volume ratio as compared to ZNRs.</P>
Rana, Tanmoy,Bera, Asit Kumar,Das, Subhashree,Bhattacharya, Debasis,Pan, Diganta,Das, Subrata Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.9
Chronic arsenicosis is a major environmental health hazard throughout the world, including India. Animals and human beings are affected due to drinking of arsenic contaminated ground water, due to natural mineral deposits, arsenical pesticides or improperly disposed arsenical chemicals. Arsenic causes cancer with production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are neutralized by an elaborate antioxidant defense system consisting of enzymes and numerous non-enzymatic antioxidants. Dietary antioxidant supplements are useful to counteract the carcinogenesis effects of arsenic. Oyster mushroom lectins can be regarded as ingredients of popular foods with biopharmaceutical properties. A variety of compounds have been isolated from mushrooms, which include polysaccharides and polysaccharopeptides with immune-enhancing effects. Lectins are beneficial in reducing arsenic toxicity due to anticarcinogenetic roles and may have therapeutic application in people suffering from chronic exposure to arsenic from natural sources, a global problem that is especially relevant to millions of people on the Indian subcontinent.
Seasonal Variations in Tannin Profile of Tree Leaves
Rana, K.K.,Wadhwa, M.,Bakshi, M.P.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.8
Forest tree leaves (12 different species) of semi hilly arid region of Punjab State were collected at 30-day interval throughout the year to assess the seasonal variations in tannin profile. Tannins were extracted and fractionated from fat free samples and data were analyzed statistically by $12{\times}12$ factorial design. The leaves of Anogeissus latifolia had the highest (p<0.05) concentration of total phenols (17.4%), net (15.9%) and hydrolysable (16.9%) tannins, followed by leaves of Acacia nilotica. Majority of the tree leaves selected had moderate levels (2-5%) of net tannins. Leaves of Carrisa had the highest (p<0.05) concentration of condensed tannins (CT), whereas the leaves of Anogeissus had the lowest (p<0.05) concentration of condensed tannins. The protein precipitable phenols (PPP) corresponded well with the net tannin content present in different tree leaves. Seasonal variation data revealed that in summer, net tannins and PPP decline in leaves of Bauhinia and Zizyphus whereas the net tannin content of Anogeissus and that of Carrisa increased during summer. The CT and PPP content in the leaves of Pheonix, Leucaena, Zizyphus and Ougenia increased in winter till spring season. Tree leaves generally had higher concentration of HT during summer months. It was concluded that leaves of leaves of A. nilotica, A. latifolia and L. leucocephala could serve as an excellent alternate feed stuffs for ruminants. However, leaves of Phoenix, Carrisa, Bauhinia and Dodonea should be avoided.
Rana, Kuldeep,Singh, Jyoti,Lee, Jeong-Taik,Park, Jong Hyeok,Ahn, Jong-Hyun American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.14
<P>The electrodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are typically films that are arranged on metal foil current collectors with a thickness of several tens of μm. Here, we report on the preparation of a thick free-standing graphene film synthesized by CVD as an alternative to Cu foil as an anode current collector. As a model system, MoS<SUB>2</SUB> anodes with a flower-like morphology were anchored onto the surface of the thick graphene film. A hybrid and binder free anode without a conventional metal current collector exhibited an excellent capacity value of around 580 mAh/g (@50 mA/g) and reasonable charge/discharge cyclability. The work presented here may stimulate the use of graphene films as replacements for conventional current collectors and additive free electrode in LIBs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-14/am500996c/production/images/medium/am-2014-00996c_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am500996c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Rana, Anshul,Yen, Michelle,Sadaghiani, Amir Masoud,Malmersjö,, Seth,Park, Chan Young,Dolmetsch, Ricardo E.,Lewis, Richard S. The Rockefeller University Press 2015 The Journal of cell biology Vol.209 No.5
<P>Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) regulates a wide variety of essential cellular functions. SOCE is mediated by STIM1 and STIM2, which sense depletion of ER Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> stores and activate Orai channels in the plasma membrane. Although the amplitude and dynamics of SOCE are considered important determinants of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-dependent responses, the underlying modulatory mechanisms are unclear. In this paper, we identify STIM2β, a highly conserved alternatively spliced isoform of STIM2, which, in contrast to all known STIM isoforms, is a potent inhibitor of SOCE. Although STIM2β does not by itself strongly bind Orai1, it is recruited to Orai1 channels by forming heterodimers with other STIM isoforms. Analysis of STIM2β mutants and Orai1-STIM2β chimeras suggested that it actively inhibits SOCE through a sequence-specific allosteric interaction with Orai1. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized functional flexibility in the STIM protein family by which alternative splicing creates negative and positive regulators of SOCE to shape the amplitude and dynamics of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signals.</P>
Rana, Bharat Singh,Cho, Dong-Woo,Cho, Kanghee,Kim, Jong-Nam Elsevier 2018 Fuel Vol.231 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>High acid crude oils contain large amount of naphthenic acids which cause serious corrosion problem in petroleum industry. Therefore, the removal of naphthenic acids becomes a great concern and challenge for oil refineries. In this study, the naphthenic acids in high TAN crude oils were removed by esterification with low consumption of methanol using a solid acid catalyst consisting of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) supported on γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (TPA/γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) in a fixed-bed up-flow reactor. The catalyst was prepared by conventional wet impregnation method, and it possessed 25 wt% TPA with high dispersion, and large pore structure. TPA leaching problem from catalyst support was not observed during the reaction. The effect of various reaction parameters such as temperature and liquid hour space velocity (LHSV), and methanol to the crude oil ratio on TAN reduction were investigated in detail to maximize TAN reduction. The results revealed that the TPA/γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> catalyst effectively removed the naphthenic acids via esterification in high TAN crude oils. The TAN decreased with increase in methanol/oil mass ratio, reaction temperature, but it increased with increase in LHSV. In a long-term experiments (up to 100 h) running at a reaction temperature of 250 °C and LHSV of 3 h<SUP>−1</SUP> using 2 wt% methanol in acidic crude oil, the TANs of acidic crude oil reduced from 2.0 mg KOH/g to a value below 0.5 mg KOH/g which is an acceptable TAN value of crude oil to process in the refineries without material upgrades.</P>