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Relationship between Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review
( Ramlah Ramlah ),( Haerani Haerani ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-
Background/Purpose According to the report of World Congress of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Health in 2016, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, with an estimate of >17 million deaths from total CVD. Sleep is a complex set of brain processes that supports several physiological needs. Inadequate sleep has become increasingly pervasive, and the impact on health and quality of life remains to be fully understood. Sleep disorders affect the proper function of cardiovascular system via several pathophysiological. Effects of extreme sleep duration on risk of mortality and cardiovascular outcomes remain controversial. This study aims to investigate possible relationship between duration of daily sleep and morbidity from CVDs. Method Data obtained from secondary data on 11 articles journal evaluated by searching in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database that have been carried out in the last 10 years (2010-2020). Result The Result shows that the main outcome of interest was the presence of any CVD, including myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke. Found both short and long sleep durations to be independently associated with CVD, independent of age, sex, race-ethnicity, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and depression. Both short and long sleep duration were associated with an increased risk of total CVD. Conclusion It can be concluded that sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and CVD events. This supports the finding that people whose sleep duration is at the extremes are at the highest risk of CV events.
EFFECTS OF EARLY FEED RESTRICTION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS
Ramlah, A.H.,Halim, A.S.,Siti-Sara, A.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.1
An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of early feed restriction on the performance and abdominal fat deposition in broilers. The treatments consisted of providing feed ad libitum (Full-fed) and three feed restriction treatments of restricting feeding between 8-21 days of age (DOA) either for a duration of 7 days or 14 days. The three feed restriction treatments were Restrict 8-14 DOA, Restrict 8-21 DOA and Restrict 15-21 DOA. Live weights and feed consumption were obtained at weekly intervals. Samples of both male and female broilers were taken at 43 DOA to determine the weight of abdominal fat, liver and gizzards. Feed efficiency was generally improved by feed restriction, but a compensatory gain was not observed in the restricted groups. Broilers on restricted feeding also had lower mortality as compared to the full-fed broilers. There is no effect of early feed restriction on the weight of the abdominal fat and the dressing percentages but the weights of the liver and gizzard were affected by restriction. Also there was an effect of sex on the weights of the abdominal fat, the liver and gizzard of the males and females.
EFFECTS OF CHOICE FEEDING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VILLAGE CHICKEN AFTER THE PEAK OF EGG PRODUCTION
Ramlah, A.H.,Mohd-Husni, H.,Sarinah, A.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1994 Animal Bioscience Vol.7 No.3
An experiment was carried out with village chicken at the laying stage raised on the semi-intensive system on three feeding treatments with each of 30 birds replicated three times. The three feeding treatments were: layer mash only, layer mash and corn as choices and choices of a high protein concentrate and corn. Feed and protein intake was significantly higher for birds on the layer mash and lower for birds on the choices of a high protein and corn diet. There was no differences in egg production for the birds fed the layer mash either alone or a choice with corn but lower for the birds on the choices of a high protein feed and corn. There was no differences in egg weight and gross efficiency for all treatments. The practice of choice feeding layer mash and corn could be adopted by farmers rearing village chicken under the semi-intensive system due to the lower cost.
EFFECTS OF CHOICE FEEDING A COMPLETE FEED AND CORN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS
Ramlah, A.H.,Halim, A.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1994 Animal Bioscience Vol.7 No.2
Poultry feeding systems are likely to change for increased efficiency of production. An experiment was conducted to compare the response of broilers to choice feeding of corn with a standard broiler ration. The treatments consisted of providing broiler feed as the only feed (SINGLE FEED) and access to corn as a choice to a complete broiler feed (CHOICE FEEDING). Weights and feed consumption were obtained at weekly intervals. Samples at the conclusion of the experiment were taken to determine the weight of abdominal fat. Results showed that there was no significant difference in term of liveweight between the two feeding regimes. However, birds given a choice of the broiler feed and corn had better feed efficiency which is reflected by the lower total feed intake. Corn intake was 23.1% of total feed intake in the choice fed birds. In term of carcass colour, birds fed corn as a choice was observed to have a deeper yellow skin colour than the birds fed with broiler feed only.
Kamarudin, Norman Hj,Wahid, Mohd Basri,Moslim, Ramle,Ali, Siti Ramlah Ahmad Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2007 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.10 No.3
The infestation levels of O. rhinoceros were investigated in the oil palm trunk heaps in three replanting blocks (Blocks A, B and C) at Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. These blocks had different densities of pheromone trapping: high (11 traps per ha, Block B), normal (1 trap per 2 ha, Block C), while no pheromone trapping was conducted in (Block A. Without pheromone trapping, the infestation levels of O. rhinoceros can reach a maximum density of between 25 to 50 individuals per $m^2$ (IPMS). The O. rhinoceros population was still detected in the heaps up to more than two years (at 26 months after replanting). With high density trapping, infestation levels were maintained below 10 IPMS and was not detected in the heaps after a period of 16 months of replanting. In the normal trapping density, the population was also maintained below 10 IPMS but had sustained itself in the heaps for up to 24 months. The mortality factors associated with the larval stages sampled within these replanting blocks was determined by visual symptoms with subsequent verification with microbial analysis. The analysis was narrowed down to detect only bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis and B. popillae), virus (Oryctes virus) and fungus (Metarhizium). In Block A, the population of O. rhinoceros in the trunks was reduced drastically at 14 months after replanting (MAR), which could be due to the high mortality (88%) of the third instar larvae, 3 months earlier. In Block B, the percentage mortality for the larval stage was always highest at the third ins tars (between 21-82%). In Block C however, the mortality of the third instars was low, never exceeding 35%. In these sampling blocks, the infection of Metarhizium seem to be less dominant compared to virus or bacteria The k factor analysis indicates density dependence among the third instar larvae had contributed to the change in its population density in Block A. Therefore, with proper manipulation of pheromone traps and targeted application of disease agents (i.e virus, fungus and bacteria), the population of O. rhinoceros can be managed more effectively in an oil palm replanting.