Effect of ellagic acid on the larvae of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) and its parasitoid Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)

Punia Abhay,Singh Chauhan Nalini,Kaur Sanehdeep,Kaur Sohal Satwinder 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of plant based compound, ellagic acid on parasitoid Keywords: B. hebetor Bracon hebetor (Say) through its host, the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). The effect on S. litura was ascertained by feeding six days old larvae on artificial diet incorporated with different concentrations (5 ppm, 25 ppm, 125 ppm, 625 ppm, 3125 ppm) of ellagic acid and water as control. Its effect on B. hebetor was determined by allowing the adult B. hebetor to parasitize the treated host larvae. The mortality of S. litura larvae was increased whereas adult emergence declined with increasing concentration of ellagic acid. The developmental period was delayed significantly and all the nutritional indices were reduced with treatment. Ellagic acid at LC 30 (7.70 ppm) had not much influence on the growth of parasitoid B. hebetor but LC 50 (43.45 ppm) adversely influenced the development of the parasitoid, B. hebetor when reared on treated larvae of S. litura. This was evident from reduced parasitization, fecundity, egg laying, egg hatching, emergence, increased larval mortality, reduced pupation and prolonged development of the immature stages at LC 50 . However, parasitization, egg hatching and larval mortality of the parasitoid were not significantly impacted at LC 30 indicating the possibility of its use in integrated pest management programmes.

Molecular and Morphophysiological Characterization of Superior Cluster Bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) Varieties

Anita Punia,Rakesh Yadav,Pooja Arora,Ashok Chaudhury 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.3

Cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) belongs to tribe Indigoferae of family Leguminosae. India is the world-leader for cluster bean production as it contributes 80% shares of its total production. Cluster bean (guar) is a cash crop for its application in textile, paper, petroleum, mining, pharmaceuticals, explosives, and food industries. Owing to its immense wealth of variable morphophysiological and industrial qualities there is a strong need for appropriate addressing and well documentation of the germplasm. Efforts are to be made to organize research programs on germplasm characterization, utilization, and molecular characterization. Superior cluster bean varieties were selected on the basis of morphophysiological characters and subjected to DNA-based molecular marker analysis. Eighteen of the best genotypes were chosen for DNA extraction, optimization of PCR conditions, and genetic diversity studies using 37 random primers. A total of 381 random amplification fragments were obtained; number of amplifications ranging from 4 to 22 with an average of 10.29 amplified fragments per primer. Evaluation of RAPD data reveals a magnificent range (0.34-0.76) of genotypic similarity coefficients. The UPGMA dendrogram was constructed based on similarity indices which illustrated discrete clustering of different genotypes into groups. Results recorded a positive correlation amongst varieties vis-à-vis cluster analysis generated by NTSYSpc and morphophysiological characteristics. The degree and distribution of genetic diversity in cluster bean would facilitate an evolutionary relationship between numerous accessions that eventually catalogues genetic resources in a more concerted fashion. Cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) belongs to tribe Indigoferae of family Leguminosae. India is the world-leader for cluster bean production as it contributes 80% shares of its total production. Cluster bean (guar) is a cash crop for its application in textile, paper, petroleum, mining, pharmaceuticals, explosives, and food industries. Owing to its immense wealth of variable morphophysiological and industrial qualities there is a strong need for appropriate addressing and well documentation of the germplasm. Efforts are to be made to organize research programs on germplasm characterization, utilization, and molecular characterization. Superior cluster bean varieties were selected on the basis of morphophysiological characters and subjected to DNA-based molecular marker analysis. Eighteen of the best genotypes were chosen for DNA extraction, optimization of PCR conditions, and genetic diversity studies using 37 random primers. A total of 381 random amplification fragments were obtained; number of amplifications ranging from 4 to 22 with an average of 10.29 amplified fragments per primer. Evaluation of RAPD data reveals a magnificent range (0.34-0.76) of genotypic similarity coefficients. The UPGMA dendrogram was constructed based on similarity indices which illustrated discrete clustering of different genotypes into groups. Results recorded a positive correlation amongst varieties vis-à-vis cluster analysis generated by NTSYSpc and morphophysiological characteristics. The degree and distribution of genetic diversity in cluster bean would facilitate an evolutionary relationship between numerous accessions that eventually catalogues genetic resources in a more concerted fashion.

Zinc Chloride Modified Electronic Transport and Relaxation Studies in Barium-Tellurite Glasses

Sunil Dhankhar,R. S. Kundu,Sunita Rani,Preeti Sharma,S. Murugavel,Rajesh Punia,N. Kishore 대한금속·재료학회 2017 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.13 No.5

The ac conductivity of halide based tellurium glasses havingcomposition 70 TeO2-(30-x) BaO-x ZnCl2 ; x = 5, 10, 15 , 20 and 25has been investigated in the frequency range 10-1 Hz to 105Hz and inthe temperature range 453 K to 553 K. The frequency and temperaturedependent ac conductivity show mixed behaviour with increase inhalide content and found to obey Jonscher’s universal power law. Thevalues of dc conductivity, crossover frequency and frequency exponenthave been estimated from the fitting of experimental data of acconductivity with Jonscher’s universal power law. For determining theconduction mechanism in studied glass system, frequency exponent hasbeen analyzed by various theoretical models. In presently studiedglasses, the ac conduction takes place via overlapping large polarontunneling (OLPT). The values of activation energy for dc conduction(W) and the one associated with relaxation process (ER) are found toincrease with increase in x up to glass sample with x = 15 and thereafterit decrease with increase in zinc chloride content. DC conduction takes place via variable range hopping (VRH) as proposed byMott with some modification suggested by Punia et al. The value of real part of modulus (M') is observed to decrease withincrease in temperature. The value of stretched exponent (β) obtained from fitting of M'' reveals the presence of non-Debye typeof relaxation in presently studied glass samples. Scaling spectra of ac conductivity and values of electric modulus (M' and M'')collapse into a single master curve for all the compositions and temperatures. The values of relaxation energy (ER) for all thestudied glass compositions are almost equal to W, suggesting that polarons have to overcome same barrier while relaxing andconducting. The conduction and relaxation processes in the studied glass samples are composition and temperature independent.

Separation of cadmium and chromium heavy metals from industrial wastewater by using Ni-Zn nanoferrites

Thakur, Atul,Punia, Pinki,Dhar, Rakesh,Aggarwal, R.K.,Thakur, Preeti Techno-Press 2022 Advances in nano research Vol.12 No.5

The potentials of Ni_xZn_1-xFe₂O₄ (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) nanoadsorbents were investigated for removal of Cd and Cr from contaminated water from an electroplating industry in Himachal Pradesh, India. Optimal values were recorded under batch adsorption experiments performed to remove dissolved heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. The specific surface area (SSA) of nanoadsorbents perceived to vary in a range 35.75-45.29 cm²/g and was calculated from the XRD data. The influence of two operating parameters, contact time and dopant (Ni) concentration was also investigated at pH ~7 with optimum dosage. Kinetic studies were conducted within a time range of 2-10 min with rapid adsorption of cadmium and chromium ions onto Ni_0.2Zn_0.8Fe₂O₄ nanoadsorbents. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was observed to be well fitted with the adsorption data that confirmed the only existence of chemisorption throughout the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption efficiency values observed for Cd and Cr were 51.4 mg/g and 40.12 mg/g, respectively for different compositions of prepared series of nanoadsorbents. The removal percentage of Cd and Cr was found to vary in a range of 47.7%-95.25% and 21%-50% respectively. The prepared series of nanoferrite found to be suitable enough for adsorption of both heavy metal ions.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Trunk Musculature and Intervertebral Discs in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury with Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures: A Prospective Study

Singh Roop,Wadhwani Jitendra,Punia Gaurav,Rohilla Rajesh Kumar,Kaur Kiranpreet 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.6

Study Design: This study is a prospective clinical study.Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of trunk musculature and intervertebral discs by using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) with thoracic and lumbar fractures. Overview of Literature: Muscle atrophy is an immediate consequence of SCI and is associated with secondary complications. At present, there are limited clinical data on muscle and disc responses to fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine.Methods: A total of 51 patients with a mean age of 31.75±10.42 years who suffered traumatic SCI were included in this study. Complete neurological examinations (American Spinal Injury Association grading) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at the time of admission and at 3–6 months after injury to study the neurological status and disc and trunk parameters. The type of management (operative or conservative) was decided on the basis of clinical, radiological, and MRI evaluations, and a robust rehabilitation program was initiated.Results: Disc parameters including disc angle, skin angle, cross-sectional area (CSA), and disc height and trunk parameters (mean trunk width, mean trunk depth, and CSA of the lumbar muscles) decreased significantly (p <0.001) during the first 3 months after SCI. However, improvements were observed in disc and muscle parameters at the 6-month follow-up, but these parameters did not return to normal levels. Neither initial neurological status (complete vs. incomplete) nor type of management (operative vs. conservative) had a significant effect on these parameters.Conclusions: Spinal trauma leads to alterations in the morphology of the vertebral column, spinal cord, intervertebral discs, and paraspinal muscles in the initial phase of injury. The extent of these changes may determine the initial neurological deficit and subsequent recovery. Although this study did not identify any statistically significant effect of neurological status or management strategy on these parameters, rehabilitation was found to result in the improvement of these parameters in the later phase of recovery. Future studies are required to evaluate the exact causes of these alterations and the potential benefits of rehabilitation strategies and to minimize these changes.

The role of down staging treatment in the management of locally advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Review of literature and pooled analysis

Sivesh Kamarajah,Francesco Giovinazzo,Keith J. Roberts,Pankaj Punia,Robert P. Sutcliffe,Ravi Marudanayagam,Nikolaos Chatzizacharias,John Isaac,Darius F. Mirza,Paolo Muiesan,Bobby VM Dasari 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.1

Backgrounds/Aims: Approximately 60-80% of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) are not suitable for surgical resection due to advanced disease at presentation. This review assesses the role of surgical resection followed by down staging treatment in the management of patients with locally advanced iCCA. Methods: A systematic review and pooled analysis were performed of the relevant published studies published between January 2000-December 2018. The primary outcome measure was overall survival. Secondary outcome measures were rates of clinical benefit, margin-negative (R0) resections, overall and surgery-specific complications, and post-operative mortality. Results: Eighteen cohort studies with 1880 patients were included in the review. The median overall survival in all patients was 14 months (range, 7-18 months). Patients undergoing resection following down staging had significantly longer survival than those who did not (median: 29 vs. 12 months, p<0.001). The Clinical Benefit Rate with this strategy (complete response+partial response+stable disease) was 64% (244/383), ranging from 33-90%. Thirty-eight percent of the patients underwent resections with a 60% R0 resection rate and 6% postoperative mortality. Conclusions: Although the evidence to support the benefits of NAT for iCCA is limited, the review supports the use of down staging treatment and also surgical resection in the cohort with response to NAT in order to improve long-term survival in patients with locally advanced iCCA.