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Body composition and functional performance of older adults
Diane Nogueira Paranhos Amorim,Dahan da Cunha Nascimento,Whitley Stone,Vicente Paulo Alves,Karla Helena Coelho Vilaça e Silva 대한골다공증학회 2022 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.8 No.2
Objectives: To determine if anthropometric variables, body composition, medication and gender are associated with functional performance and to compare these variables between octogenarians with high and low functional performance. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were evaluated. Handgrip strength (HGS) was assessed. Participants’ body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and functional performance by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). A binomial logistic regression was performed. Results: One hundred and twenty-two octogenarians were included and separated into high and low function groups. The high function group showed lower values of WHtR (mean difference [MD] = 0.047, P = 0.025) and body fat (BF%) (MD = 3.54, P = 0.032) and higher values of apendicular skeletal muscle mass (ALM) (MD = 3.03, P = 0.001), HGS (MD = 6.11, P = 0.001) and SPPB score (MD = 4.20, P = 0.001). Women were more likely to be classified as low function (OR = 3.66, P = 0.002) and males showed 5.21 odds ratio (P = 0.021) of having high functional performance compared to females. Also, each decrease in age and medication use displayed 1.30 (P = 0.007) and 1.26 odds ratio increases (P = 0.008) in high functional performance. Conclusions: Older males display better functional performance than women, and decrements in age and medications increase the high functional performance odds ratio. Octogenarians with high functional performance displayed lower BF measurements and higher values of muscle mass and strength.
Experimental model of tympanic colic (acute abdomen) in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera)
Malcon Andrei Martinez-Pereira,Raphaela da Cunha Franceschi,Barbara Paranhos Coelho,Gustavo da Rosa Funkler,Denise Maria Zancan 한국실험동물학회 2014 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.30 No.3
Digestive disorders caused by sudden changes in diet or inappropriate diet are among the most common disorders of the digestive system. Cecal or intestinal tympany, one consequence of inappropriate diet, is characterized by the accumulation of gases, marked distension of the cecum and colon and the induction of inflammatory processes. To know the effects of intestinal tympany on the enteric plexuses, we developed a method of experimental tympanic colic (TC) in the Chinchilla lanigera. This species was used in view of its susceptibility to TC. TC was induced with a diet rich in alfalfa associated with grain overload for two weeks. Physical and clinical examination including the von Frey test confirmed the diagnosis. The chinchillas with acute abdomen were treated with 1% ketoprofen and resumption of a balanced diet. Necropsy and histopathological analysis showed tympany-induced alterations mainly in the cecum and colon. After treatment, the control conditions were restored. The TC protocol is proposed as an experimental approach designed to aid the study of the effects of acute intestinal inflammation and obstruction caused by an inappropriate diet.
Maria Eliza Castro Moreira,Rosemary Gualberto Fonseca Alvarenga Pereira,Marcelo Jose Dias Silva,Danielle Ferreira Dias,Vanessa Silva Gontijo,Alexandre Giusti-Paiva,Marcia Paranho Veloso,Antônio Carlos 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.6
In the present study, the pharmacological effects of 2,8-dihydroxy-1,6-dimethoxyxanthone from the bark of Haploclathra paniculata were investigated in mice using in vivo inflammation and nociception models. Acetic acid-induced writhing, paw licking induced by formalin, hot plate, and carrageenan-induced paw edema tests were used to investigate the antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the xanthone compound. Xanthone, at both doses, inhibited abdominal writhing and the formalin test. At a dose of 20mg/kg, the time of reaction to the hot plate increased, and significant effects were observed after 30, 60 and 90min of treatment. At doses of 10 and 20mg/kg p.o., the 2,8-dihydroxy-1,6-dimethoxyxanthone significantly reduced paw edema at 3 h after the stimulus. The tests also showed no acute toxicity of the xanthone compound in mice. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability was also studied and confirmed the antioxidant activity of the xanthone. To propose the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory activity of the xanthone, a molecular docking was performed using the isoenzymes cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 and the results indicate that the molecule is capable of inhibiting both the enzymes. Therefore, it can be concluded that 2,8-dihydroxy-1,6-dimethoxyxanthone from H. paniculata demonstrates analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.