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Lim, Kuang Hock,Ibrahim, Normala,Ghazali, Sumarni Mohd,Kee, Chee Cheong,Lim, Kuang Kuay,Chan, Ying Ying,Teh, Chien Huey,Tee, Eng Ong,Lai, Wai Yee,Nik Mohamad, Mohd. Haniki,Sidek, Sherina Mohd Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2
Increasing the rate of smoking cessation will reduce the burden of diseases related to smoking, including cancer. Understanding the process of smoking cessation is a pre-requisite to planning and developing effective programs to enhance the rate of smoking cessation.The aims of the study were to determine the demographic distribution of smokers across the initial stages of smoking cessation (the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages) and to identify the predictors of smoking cessation among Malaysian adult smokers. Data were extracted from a population-based, cross-sectional survey carried out from April 2006 to July 2006. The distribution of 2,716,743 current smokers across the pre-contemplation stage (no intention to quit smoking in the next six months) or contemplation stage (intended to quit smoking in the next six months) was described. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and the stages of smoking cessation. Of the 2,716,743 current smokers, approximately 30% and 70% were in the pre-contemplative and contemplative stages of smoking cessation respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that male gender, low education level, older age group, married and those from higher income group and number of cigarettes smoked were associated with higher likelihood of pre-contemplation to cease smoking in the next six months. The majority of current smokers in Malaysia were in the contemplative stage of smoking cessation. Specific interventions should be implemented to ensure the pre-contemplative smokers proceed to the contemplative stage and eventually to the preparation stage.
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M. Anwar Alias,Khalida Muda,Augustine Chioma Affam,Azmi Aris,Normala Hashim 대한환경공학회 2017 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.22 No.1
This study investigated the effect of various cations (Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Al<SUP>3+</SUP>, Mn<SUP>2+</SUP>, Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>) on the autoaggregation (AAg) and surface hydrophobicity (SHb) of three different bacteria (Brevibacillus panacihumi strain (ZB1), Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain (ZB2) and Enterococcus faecalis strain (ZL)) using a 2-level factorial design. The AAg ratio was measured from the changes in the absorbance of the media. Results show that ZB2 had maximum AAg for the three bacteria investigated. A microscopic clustering of cells was observed when Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> was added to ZB2. The AAg was in the range of 62%, 58% and 34% for ZB2, ZB1 and ZL, respectively and correlated to the SHb. The aggregation and SHb of the microbial cells increased with increasing ionic strength due to the repulsive steric or overlap forces between the polymer covered surfaces. Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> demonstrated a more significant effect on aggregation and SHb of microbial cells due to an attractive binding force.
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Mohd Shahrul Suondoh,Wan Azman Wan Sulaiman,Ahmad Sukari Halim,Arman Zaharil Mat Saad,Mohammad Ali Mat Zain,Normala Basiron 대한수부외과학회 2020 대한수부외과학회지 Vol.25 No.3
Purpose: Extensive studies regarding vascular anatomy and clinical applications of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has been conducted for many years. However, the ALT flap perforator vessels anatomy in the Malaysian population is not well-analyzed. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of ALT flap perforator vessels and its clinical applications in reconstructive surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in two main centers of reconstructive surgery. A total of 142 cases of ALT flaps that used as an option for soft tissue reconstruction was selected. Vascular anatomy of ALT flaps was studied precisely including the origin of vessels, location of perforators, and types of perforator vessels intraoperatively during the flap harvest. Results: The distribution of ALT flap perforator vessels can be found at three specific locations on the thigh namely perforators A, B, and C. The highest number of cutaneous perforator vessels that supplied the ALT flap was musculocutaneous perforator with 72.3%, and dominantly at perforators B and C. The remaining perforator vessels were septocutaneous perforator with 27.7%, presented mainly at perforator A. A majority of cases involved the reconstruction of wound defects following tumor resection and trauma. The most area of reconstruction was the lower limb with 33.8%. Conclusion: The distribution of ALT flap perforator vessels can be predicted during flap harvest and can be applied in numerous clinical applications for wound defect coverage. The knowledge regarding vascular anatomy of ALT flap perforator vessels can aid plastic surgeons in reconstructive surgery.
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Hock, Lim Kuang,Ghazali, Sumarni Mohamad,Cheong, Kee Chee,Kuay, Lim Kuang,Li, Lim Hui,Huey, Teh Chien,Ying, Chan Ying,Yen, Yeo Lay,Ching, Fiona Goh Swee,Yi, Khoo Yi,Lin, Chong Zhuo,Ibrahim, Normala,Mu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.10
Intention to smoke is a valid and reliable factor for predicting future smoking habits among adolescents. This factor, however, has received inadequate attention in Malaysia. The present paper elaborates the prevalence and factors associated with intent to initiate or to cease smoking, among adolescent nonsmokers and smokers in Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia. A total of 2,300 secondary school students aged 13-16 years were selected through a two-stage stratified sampling method. A set of standardized questionnaires was used to assess the smoking behavior among adolescents and the inter-personal and intra-personal factors associated with smoking intention (intention to initiate smoking or to cease smoking). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors related to smoking intention. The prevalence of intention to smoke in the future or to cease smoking among non-smoking adolescents and current smokers were 10.7% and 61.7% respectively. Having friends who smoke, social influence, and poor knowledge about the ill effects on health due to smoking showed significant relationships with intention to smoke in the future among non-smokers. Conversely, perceived lower prevalence of smoking among peers, weak contributory social influence, and greater awareness of the ill effects of smoking are factors associated with the intention to cease smoking sometime in the future. The study found that prevalence of intention to initiate smoking is low among non-smokers while the majority of current smokers intended to cease smoking in the future. Existing anti-smoking programmes that integrate the factors that have been identified in the current study should be put in motion to reduce the prevalence of intention to initiate smoking and increase the intention to cease smoking among adolescents.
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