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Lee, Juyeun,Park, Nogi,Park, Joo Youn,Kaplan, Barbara L. F.,Pruett, Stephen B.,Park, Juw Won,Park, Yong Ho,Seo, Keun Seok American Association of Immunologists 2018 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.
<P>Superantigens (SAgs) produced by <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> at high concentrations induce proliferation of T cells bearing specific TCR Vβ sequences and massive cytokinemia that cause toxic shock syndrome. However, the biological relevance of SAgs produced at very low concentrations during asymptomatic colonization or chronic infections is not understood. In this study, we demonstrate that suboptimal stimulation of human PBMCs with a low concentration (1 ng/ml) of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1, at which half-maximal T cell proliferation was observed, induced CD8<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> T cells expressing markers related to regulatory T cells (Tregs), such as IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, FOXP3, CD28, CTLA4, TNFR2, CD45RO, and HLA-DR. Importantly, these CD8<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> T cells suppressed responder cell proliferation mediated in contact-dependent and soluble factor–dependent manners, involving galectin-1 and granzymes, respectively. In contrast, optimal stimulation of human PBMCs with a high concentration (1 μg/ml) of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1, at which maximal T cell proliferation was observed, also induced similar expression of markers related to Tregs, including FOXP3 in CD8<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> cells, but these T cells were not functionally immunosuppressive. We further demonstrated that SAg-induced TCR Vβ–restricted and MHC class II–restricted expansion of immunosuppressive CD8<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> T cells is independent of CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Our results suggest that the concentration of SAg strongly affects the functional characteristics of activated T cells, and low concentrations of SAg produced during asymptomatic colonization or chronic <I>S. aureus</I> infection induce immunosuppressive CD8<SUP>+</SUP> Tregs, potentially promoting colonization, propagation, and invasion of <I>S. aureus</I> in the host.</P>
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DC/DC Converter Development for Battery Energy Storage Supporting Railway DC Feeder System
Z. Li,S. Hoshina,N. Satake,M. Nogi 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
The paper introduces development works of a bilateral DC/DC converter rated at 1500V with peak power 500kW for battery energy storage systems supporting railway DC feeder systems. The DC/DC converter converts the regenerated power from the breaking train and to charge the batteries. The DC/DC converter discharges the stored energy to feed the powering train. The paper describes the converter main circuit, the control system and successful test results at the factory. For the main circuit test, a special test method is applied. For the control system test, a real time digital simulator is used for hardware-in-loop test. In addition to the converter tests, results from the DC feeder system tests with an actual rectifier and a battery bank are also introduced.
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Yamasaki, Masayuki,Mutombo, Paulin Beya wa Bitadi,Iwamoto, Mamiko,Nogi, Akiko,Hashimoto, Michio,Nabika, Toru,Shiwaku, Kuninori The Korean Nutrition Society 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.9 No.4
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Apolipoprotein A5 gene promoter region T-1131C polymorphism (APOA5 T-1131C) is known to be associated with elevated plasma TG levels, although little is known of the influence of the interaction between APOA5 T-1131C and lifestyle modification on TG levels. To investigate this matter, we studied APOA5 T-1131C and plasma TG levels of subjects participating in a three-month lifestyle modification program. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A three-month lifestyle modification program was conducted with 297 participants (Age: $57{\pm}8years$) in Izumo City, Japan, from 2001-2007. Changes in energy balance (the difference between energy intake and energy expenditure) and BMI were used to evaluate the participants' responses to the lifestyle modification. RESULTS: Even after adjusting for confounding factors, plasma TG levels were significantly different at baseline among three genotype subgroups: TT, $126{\pm}68mg/dl$; TC, $134{\pm}74mg/dl$; and CC, $172{\pm}101mg/dl$. Lifestyle modification resulted in significant reductions in plasma TG levels in the TT, TC, and CC genotype subgroups: $-21.9{\pm}61.0mg/dl$, $-20.9{\pm}51.0mg/dl$, and $-42.6{\pm}78.5mg/dl$, respectively, with no significant differences between them. In a stepwise regression analysis, age, APOA5 T-1131C, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the 18:1/18:0 ratio showed independent association with plasma TG levels at baseline. In a general linear model analysis, APOA5 T-1131C C-allele carriers showed significantly greater TG reduction with decreased energy balance than wild type carriers after adjustment for age, gender, and baseline plasma TG levels. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic effects of APOA5 T-1131C independently affected plasma TG levels. However, lifestyle modification was effective in significantly reducing plasma TG levels despite the APOA5 T-1131C genotype background.
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Masayuki Yamasaki,Paulin Beya wa Bitadi Mutombo,Mamiko Iwamoto,Akiko Nogi,Michio Hashimoto,Toru Nabika,Kuninori Shiwaku 대한지역사회영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.6
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Apolipoprotein A5 gene promoter region T-1131C polymorphism (APOA5 T-1131C) is known to be associated with elevated plasma TG levels, although little is known of the influence of the interaction between APOA5 T-1131C and lifestyle modification on TG levels. To investigate this matter, we studied APOA5 T-1131C and plasma TG levels of subjects participating in a three-month lifestyle modification program. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A three-month lifestyle modification program was conducted with 297 participants (Age: 57 ± 8 years) in Izumo City, Japan, from 2001-2007. Changes in energy balance (the difference between energy intake and energy expenditure) and BMI were used to evaluate the participants’ responses to the lifestyle modification. RESULTS: Even after adjusting for confounding factors, plasma TG levels were significantly different at baseline among three genotype subgroups: TT, 126 ± 68 mg/dl; TC, 134 ± 74 mg/dl; and CC, 172 ± 101 mg/dl. Lifestyle modification resulted in significant reductions in plasma TG levels in the TT, TC, and CC genotype subgroups: -21.9 ± 61.0 mg/dl, -20.9 ± 51.0 mg/dl, and -42.6 ± 78.5 mg/dl, respectively, with no significant differences between them. In a stepwise regression analysis, age, APOA5 T-1131C, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the 18:1/18:0 ratio showed independent association with plasma TG levels at baseline. In a general linear model analysis, APOA5 T-1131C C-allele carriers showed significantly greater TG reduction with decreased energy balance than wild type carriers after adjustment for age, gender, and baseline plasma TG levels. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic effects of APOA5 T-1131C independently affected plasma TG levels. However, lifestyle modification was effective in significantly reducing plasma TG levels despite the APOA5 T-1131C genotype background.
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裵姈,美(Bae, Young-Mi),노기 카오리(Nogi Kaori) 한일민족문제학회 2007 한일민족문제연구 Vol.13 No.-
2001年5月に日本で公開された映画ホタルに引続き、2007年5月には石原慎太郎脚本による映画俺は、君のためにこそ死ににいくが公開された。いずれも朝鮮人特攻隊員が登場するが、その存在について、前者は日本人兵士の代弁者として、後者は特攻死の‘美しさ’として描いている。歴史学研究において、アジア․太平洋戦争末期に編成された飛行機による特別攻撃隊に朝鮮人が存在したことについて、具体的な史料調査が行なわれてこなったため、上述したイメージだけが一人歩きしている状況なのである。本稿はこうした現状に鑑み、朝鮮人がなぜ特攻隊員とならざるを得なかったのか、また特攻隊員となるまで、そしてなってからどのような心境だったのか、を検討することを目的としたものである。さらには、現在特攻隊員として‘特攻死’したとされている事実そのものを問い直すことを目指したものである。特攻隊員として‘特攻死’したとされている朝鮮人は、これまでの調査で17名が明らかとなった。しかし、そのほか、特攻隊員とされながらも、‘特攻死’しなかった、また生き残った、あるいは出撃前に8.15を迎えた朝鮮人も存在する。さらに、名簿に本籍が記されていない場合で、朝鮮人かどうか判断できない人物、本籍が記された史料は確認できるが原史料と照らし合わせられないため正確な事実が判明しない人物も存在する。特攻隊員となった朝鮮人は、その半数が少年飛行兵学校出身者たちであった。当然だが、誰もが特攻隊員になろうとして日本軍に入隊、入校したわけでなかった。少年飛行兵学校、航空機乗員養成所、陸軍特別操縦見習士官など、軍隊における教育課程を経て、各部隊に配属されていった。そしてそこで、特攻隊への‘志願’が強制されたのである。特攻隊員への‘志願’は‘志望しない’という選択肢はないに等しく、さらには‘志望’ではことたりず、‘熱望’しなければならなかった。しかし、‘志願’の問題は、特攻隊員になるさいの問題だけでなく、それ以前の、日本軍に入隊する際の問題としても浮上する。飛行機にあこがれて、また日本人に負けないため、あるいは学校の問題(進学問題、‘強制’)によって限られた選択肢の中で、飛行機関連の学校などに‘志願’したのであった。その背景には、1930年代以降の朝鮮総督府による皇国臣民化政策、さらには飛行機乗りを養成するための‘航空熱’のあおりがあった。植民地期における差別構造と兵力動員への体制強化が朝鮮人少年をして飛行機乗りというあこがれを持たせ、日本軍へ入隊させたのである。もちろん、少年たちは自らの将来、進路について、真剣に悩み、選んだ道が飛行機乗りになるための各種学校などであった。しかし、実際の軍隊生活では、少年達を無口にさせ、逃げられない状況へおいやった。さらに彼等の存在は、第2、第3の皇国少年、皇国飛行兵を創り挙げるためのプロパガンダとして利用された。しかし、‘特攻死’の実態はまったく不明であった。どのように死んだのか分からないまま、飛行機で体当りして死んだという‘事実’が創りあげられたのである。そして、8･15後、‘事実’として確定され、その‘事実’は一人歩きしてしまった。現在においても、‘特攻死’ではないことを明らかにすることが避けられる傾向にあり、‘特攻死’であることを信じて疑わない姿勢が主流である。それは‘美しさ’と結び付けられ、日本人、朝鮮人を同一視する認識へとつながっていく。本稿はこうした認識を、史実をもって問いただすための基礎作業であり、今後さらなる資料調査、インタビューを行なっていきたい。 This report attempts to shed light on the question of why the Koreans had to become a Special attack unit member('Kamikaze') and what psychological experience they went through in the process of becoming a Kamikaze. This report also question 'suicide attack' itself. 17 Koreans were so far identified as Kamikazes, who had died during the 'suicide attack'. From the Boys' Flight Naval Academy to the Flight Crew Training School, to Special Army Pilot Training Program, they went through a series of training in the armed forces, and then each of them were assigned to a military unit. It was in this unit, that they were forced to 'apply' for the special suicide attack unit. They had no such option as 'not to apply'. However, the issue of Koreans applying for the special attack unit is not only about how the Koreans as a member of the Japanese armed forces were forced to became a Kamikaze, but also about how little options they had when they decided to join the Japanese armed forces. Koreans entered the flight related schools and so forth because it was one of the limited opportunities that Koreans could have at that time. Some of them admired airplanes, others wanted to compete shoulder to shoulder with Japanese soldiers, and others wanted to pursue education in the military due to the educational barrier imposed on the Koreans. The Policy of Assimilation aggressively implemented by Japan's Office of the Chosun Government-General in the 1930s and after, as well as the Aviation Fever fostered by the government to increase the applicants for flight-related training were also the backdrop of the situation. Under the Japanese rule, Koreans were discriminated and faced with lack of opportunities. In need of more soldiers, the Japanese government took advantage of the Korean young men's interest in airplanes andencouraged them to join the military, and for the Korean young men, it was a national choice in that they can learn skills for the future. The reality of the life in the military was different and they were silenced and trapped. Furthermore, the Koreans' existence in the suicide attack unit was used as a propaganda tool to create larger pool for the imperial soldiers. The soldiers, however, did not know what exactly they were getting into. No one really knew how they would face death, and so called the 'fact' was concocted so that people think they will die by attacking the enemy. After the end of war, this rumor was considered a 'fact' and it spread among people as a fact.
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