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Nick Holford,임동석 대한임상약리학회 2015 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.23 No.2
This tutorial deals with basic concepts of clearance, the most important parameter in pharmacokineticsbut often challenging for students in clinical pharmacology. Its relationships with dose, concentrationand elimination rate are discussed using a physical model and examples of commonlyused drugs, as well as its physiological aspects pertaining to the blood flow to differing organs. Finally, application of clearance to the calculation of maintenance dose rate and half-life is used toshow how it is essential in pharmacotherapy and clinical pharmacology
Subcommander Marcos’ Discourse on Mexico’s Intellectual Class
Nick Henck 한국라틴아메리카학회 2012 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.25 No.1
This paper traces the trajectory of Subcommander Marcos’ attitude toward Mexico’s intellectual class as revealed in a discourse spanning almost three decades (1980-2009). It argues that Marcos’ attitude was neither sweepingly anti-intellectual, nor static: rather, it was nuanced and embodied continuities and progressions. Marcos’ approach toward intellectuals is shown to have been influenced not merely by his personal attitude but also by external political developments. This paper also engages with the question of to what extent Marcos himself can be deemed an intellectual, and contextualizes him within a tradition of intellectuals who have concerned themselves with the role of the intellectual in society.
Attainment of Lipid Targets Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Can We Do Better?
Nick S. R. Lan,Umar S. Ali,Bu B. Yeap,Peter Gerry Fegan,Robert Larbalestier,Damon A. Bell 한국지질동맥경화학회 2022 지질·동맥경화학회지 Vol.11 No.2
Objective Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery remain at high cardiovascular risk; however, few studies have evaluated lipid management and attainment of lipid targets in these patients. We investigated the proportion of CABG surgery patients who attained low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) targets. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from patients undergoing CABG surgery at an Australian tertiary hospital between February 2015 and August 2020. The most recent lipid profile was recorded (at least 3 weeks post-operatively). We studied patients with electronically available data to ensure accuracy. Target LDL-C was defined as <1.4 (54 mg/dL) and <1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dL), and target non-HDL-C as <2.2 (85 mg/dL) and <2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL), as per the 2019 and 2016 European dyslipidaemia guidelines, respectively. Results Follow-up lipid results were available for 484 patients (median post-operative follow-up, 483 days; interquartile range, 177.5–938.75 days). The mean age was 62.7±10.5 years and 387 (80.1%) were male. At discharge, 469 (96.9%) patients were prescribed statins, 425 (90.6%) high-intensity. Ezetimibe was prescribed for 62 (12.8%) patients and a proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitor for 1. LDL-C levels <1.4 and <1.8 mmol/L were attained in 118 (24.4%) and 231 (47.7%) patients, respectively, and non-HDL-C levels <2.2 and <2.6 mmol/L in 140 (28.9%) and 237 (49.0%) patients, respectively. Conclusion The use of non-statin lipid-lowering therapies was limited, and many CABG surgery patients did not attain lipid targets despite high-intensity statins. Further studies are required to optimise lipid management in this very high-risk population.