流動層上에서木屑의 熱分解에 官한 硏究

朴來正,姜元萬 弘益大學校 1981 弘大論叢 Vol.13 No.-

Sawdust from timber mills, as one of the solid organic wastes, was pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed. Satisfactory fluidization was achieved with a 3 cm layer of -7 +14 mesh silica on 150 mesh brass screen as a distributer. Screen packing did not prevent the slugging phenomena but rather made the fluidity worse. The minimum fluidization velocity(Umf) of the sawdust was lowered as carbonization proceeded. Accordingly, the input rate of nitrogen gas was controlled considering the lowering of Umf along with the gas expansion due to heating under the fluidization conditions. Sawdust was pyrolyzed at 400℃, 600℃, and 800℃, respectively, and condensible pyrolytic products were collected in various cooling traps; air cooling, ice water cooling, and dry ice-acetone cooling. On the average, 36.7% of tar products, 26.3% of carbonized residue, 1.8% of volatile liquid, and 35.5% of non-condensible gases were produced. The higher the pyrolytic temperature, the less carbonized residue and tar products were produced. Ⅰ. 緖 論 Ⅱ. 實驗材料 및 方法 1. 材 料 2. 熱分解 裝置 3. 捕集裝置 4. 熱分解操作 및 條件 Ⅲ. 實驗結果 및 考察 1. 流動層操作의 裝置 및 條件의 設定 2. 熱分解 生成物의 捕集量 Ⅳ. 結 論

블록 내 움직임 정보를 이용한 다단계 움직임 예측 알고리즘

곽내정,윤태승,한재혁,안재형 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2001 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.9 No.2

본 논문에서는 불록 내의 움직임 정도에 따라 다단계의 볼록레벨을 설정하고, 그 블록레벨에 따라 각기 다른 다단계의 움직임 예측을 수행하는 다단계 움직임 예측 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안방법은 3단계의 블륵 레벨을 설정하고. 각 불록 레벨에는 서로 다른 크기의 고정 블록을 설정한다 또한 각 블록 레벨에서 수행되는 움직임 예측에는 탐색 단계와 탐색 범위를 차등적으로 적용하였다. 이는 움직임이 없거나 적은 영역에서의 잉여 탐색 과정을 제거하여 계산적 효율성을 중대하고, 움직임 정도가 큰 영역에 대해서는 움직임 예측 과정을 심화시켜 예측의 정확성을 향상시킨다 실험 결과 프레임당 적은 수의 블록으로 고정된 크기의 볼록을 가진 전역 탐색 블록 정합 알고리즘보다 적은 예측 에러를 발생시켜 MSE를 20% 정도 감소시키며, 연산량을 95% 정도 절감하는 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. In this Paper. we Propose a multi-level block matching algorithm using motion information in blocks. In the Proposed algorithm, the block-level of a block is decided by the motion degree in the block before motion searching Procedure, and then adequate motion searching performs according to the block-level. The number of block-level is 3 step and different fixed-block sixte is assigned to each block-level. Also. in motion estimation of each block-level is differential applied search step and search area. Which imProves computational efficiency by eliminating an unnecessary searching Process in no motion or low motion regions. and brings more accurate estimation results by deepening motion searching process in high motien legions. Simulation results shew that the proposed algorithm brings the lower estimation error about 20% MSE(mean squared error) reduction with the fewer blocks per frame and the lower computational loading about 98% operational amount reduction than full search block matching algorithm with constant block size.

The Effect of Fillers on Curing Kinetics of o-Cresol Novolac Epoxy-Phenol Resins

朴來正 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

시차열 주사열량계를 사용하여 승온경화시 충전제로서 실리카를 가하였을 때 오르토-크레솔 노볼락수지와 페놀 경화제계에서 경화반응속도에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 경화반응을 n-차반응으로 가정한 Kissinger방법과 자동촉매작용이라고 가정한 Flynn-Wall 방법을 이용하여 활성화 에너지를 계산한 결과 활성화 에너지의 값이 60phr과 70phr에서는 두 방법 모두 큰 차이를 보이지 않다가 80phr에서는 급격히 감소하였다. Flynn-Wall방법에서 활성화 에너지가 약rks 높은 값을 주었으나 그 차이는 그렇게 크지 않고 충전제 양에 따른 효과는 같은 경향을 보였다.

여러가지 溫度 및 媒條件下에서 셀룰로로오스의 熱分解時 非凝縮性가스의 成分組成에 關한 硏究

朴來正,姜元萬 弘益大學校 1978 弘大論叢 Vol.10 No.-

The production of non-condensible gases obtained from flash pyrolysis of cellulosic materials at different temperatures and with adid-base catalysts were investigated and the results were as follows. 1. When the sawdust was pyrolyzed below 300℃, major non-condensible gases were CO₂ and H₂O, producing little flammable gases. 2. Pyrolysis above 400℃ produced flammable gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ethylene, propylene, and propane. 3. The amount of non-condensible gases was plotted against temperatures from 400℃ to 700℃ at 100degree interval. The amount of the gases increases exponentially with temperatures. 4. The acid catalysts such as phosphoric acid and zinc chloride significantly reduced the production of flammable gases, but increased production of carbon dioxide. However, a phosphoric acid catalyst showed some increase in methane production. 5. A base catalyst, calcium carbonate markedly increased the production of flammable gases, in particular, production of carbon monoxide.

아닐린의 산화적 카르보닐화에 의한 에틸페닐카바메이트의 합성

朴來正,金明雄 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

Ethylphenyl carbarmate(EPC) was synthesized by oxidative CO carbonylation of aniline in the presence of transition metal catalysts and alkari metal halide cocatalysts at 120℃ under the pressure of 79 atm. Oxygen gas was used for oxidizing agent. About 100% conversion to EPC and 93% selectivity was obtained in 5 hour reaction under this conditions. Increase in pressure and temperature increased conversion. 0.02% of 5% Pd/C was the most effective. Effectiveness of cocatalysts was in the order of KI>KBr>KCI as anion effects. As cation effect CsI and KI were about the same but NaI was a little lower. Iodine itself gave catalytic effect but produced more byproducts of Nethylbenzamine and N, N'-diphenylurea. No dehydration effect of zeolite and triethylorthoformate was not recognized,but decreased the reactor pressure significantly. As the temperature increased, the conversion rate increased. The reaction was apparent first order and activation energy was 5.647kcal/mol.

Propylene에 의한 Phenol의 알킬화반응

朴來正,朴濟煥 弘益大學校 1987 弘大論叢 Vol.19 No.2

The alkylation of phenol with propylene was investigated with respect to species and amount of catalysts, speed of stirring, reaction temperature, reaction time, and flow rates of propylene. The effect of various catalysts an propylation was in the order of fuming sulfuric acid, boron trifluoride, phosphoric acid, and aluminum chloride. Speed of stirring increased the conversion rate linearly but slowly. Conversion rate was also increased with flow rate of propylene upto 60cc/min and plateaued afterwards. Conversion rate was increased with reaction temperature but increase rate was not marked above 113℃. Maximum conversion rate of phenol was 0.990 at 164℃, 120cc/min of flow rate, 33)rpm of stirring speed, and 7 hours of reaction time in the presence of fuming sulfuric acid catalyst. The alkylation was carried out in the pseudo second order reaction kinetics with respect to the concentration of phenol. The linear relationship was shown between apparent rate constant and absolute temperatures, and activation energy of 7.70 Kcal/g-mol for the reaction with fuming sulfuric acid catalyst was calculated.

Triarylphosphates의 합성에 관한 연구

朴來正 弘益大學校 1990 弘大論叢 Vol.22 No.2

Syntheses of industrially important triarylphosphates such as triphenylphosphate(TPP) and tricresylphosphate(TCP) were studied with repect to reaction temperatures, reaction times, various catalysts, the amout of catalysts, and reaction kinetics. Increase in temperature favored the conversion to TPP and TCP from phenol and m-cresol, respectively. The effectiveness of catalysts was in the order of aluminium chloride, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, barium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in the TPP synthesis, and aluminium chloride, aluminium iodide, magnesium chloride, and zinc chloride in the TCP synthesis. Optimum amount of catalysts was about 6% by weigth with respect to phosphorus oxychloride. Conversion rates increased upto 5 hours at 125C in TPP and 3 hours at 95C in TCP. The activation energies were 5.85Kcal/mol in TPP and 14.0Kcal/mol in TCP, respectively.

Biomass 液化油中의 有機化合物의 分離와 同定

朴來正 弘益大學校 1985 弘大論叢 Vol.17 No.2

Liquefaction oil of biomass produced by pittsburgh Energy Research Center Process were fractionated into four fractions according to polarity by means of neutral alumina column chromatography. Individual compounds in each fraction were separated by fused silica capillary column chromatography and identified by GC/MS. Fraction Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ contained mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenol derivatives, respectively.

大氣浮遊粉塵中 여러고리 芳香族 化合物에 관한 硏究

朴來正 弘益大學校 1988 弘大論叢 Vol.20 No.2

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)/polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASH) and nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic compounds(NPAC) were investigated in air-borne particulates of Seoul metropolitan area. The samples were fractionated by alumina column chromatography and cleaned by gel filtration using Biobead. These fractions were chromatographed in a fused silica capillary column coated with SE-54(25m×0.03mmi.d.). Nineteen compounds of PAH/PASH and 8 compounds of NPAC were identified according to retention index system, and 10 compounds were further confirmed by GC/MS data. The concentrations were relatively lower compared with previously reported data. It was considered due to photodegradation during long period of sample collection by means of deposit gauge.

Capillary Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry에 의한 리그닌 타아르의 成分硏究

朴來正 弘益大學校 1983 弘大論叢 Vol.15 No.2

A lignin tar was obtained by flash pyrolysis of Kraft pine lignin at 600℃ in nitrogen atmosphere. The tar was fractionated into four fractions, nonpolar neutral, polar neutral, bases, and acids fractions according to standard solvent partitioning scheme. Each fraction was chromatographed using fused-silica capillary column coated with SE-54 and crosslinked. Individual compound was identified according to retention indices and mass spectra obtained in GC/MS system. Twenty seven polycyclic aromatic compounds were positively identified in nonpolar neutral fraction, and 17 compounds, mostly exygenated hydrocarbons in polar neutral fraction, 12 compounds, mostly quinoline derivatives in base fraction, and 14 compounds, mostly phenolics in acid fraction.