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Mitamura, Osamu,Tachibana, Junji,Ishida, Noriko,Seike, Yasushi,Choi, Jun-Kil The Korean Society of Limnology 2009 생태와 환경 Vol.37 No.2
Primary production of epiphytic and planktonic algae in a shallow reed zone of a lagoon Nishinoko was investigated. Concentrations of nutrients varied widely horizontally and locally in the lagoon. It seems that the reed zone has a heterogeneous environment. The photosynthetic rates of epiphytic and planktonic algae were 7 to 14 mg C surface stem $m^{-2}hr^{-1}$ and 12 to $46mg\;Cm^{-3}hr^{-1}$, respectively. The areal primary production of epiphytic algae was estimated as 4 to $13mg\;Cm^{-2}hr^{-1}$ from the stem density of Phragmites and the water depth at each station. The production of phytoplankton, on the other hand, was 5 to $56mg\;Cm^{-2}hr^{-1}$. The contribution of epiphytic algae to total primary production averaged 53%, although the assimilation number was much lower than that of phytoplankton. The present results indicate that the epiphytic algae are one of the significant primary producers in the reed zone.
Lymphadenectomy can be omitted for low-risk endometrial cancer based on preoperative assessments
Takashi Mitamura,Hidemichi Watari,Yukiharu Todo,Tatsuya Kato,Yosuke Konno,Masayoshi Hosaka,Noriaki Sakuragi 대한부인종양학회 2014 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.25 No.4
Objective: According to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging, some surgeons perform lymphadenectomy in all patients with early stage endometrial cancer to enable the accurate staging. However, there are some risks to lymphadenectomy such as lower limb lymphedema. The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative assessment is useful to select the patients in whom lymphadenectomy can be safely omitted. Methods: We evaluated the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) using LNM score (histological grade, tumor volume measured in magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and serum CA-125), myometrial invasion and extrautrerine spread assessed by MRI. Fifty-six patients of which LNM score was 0 and myometrial invasion was less than 50% were consecutively enrolled in the study in which a lymphadenectomy was initially intended not to perform. We analyzed several histological findings and investigated the recurrence rate and overall survival. Results: Fifty-one patients underwent surgery without lymphadenectomy. Five (8.9%) who had obvious myometrial invasion intraoperatively underwent systematic lymphadenectomy. One (1.8%) with endometrial cancer which was considered to arise from adenomyosis had para-aortic LNM. Negative predictive value of deep myometrial invasion was 96.4% (54/56). During the mean follow-up period of 55 months, one patient with deep myometrial invasion who refused an adjuvant therapy had tumor recurrence. The overall survival rate was 100% during the study period. Conclusion: This preoperative assessment is useful to select the early stage endometrial cancer patients without risk of LNM and to safely omit lymphadenectomy.
Osamu, Mitamura,Choi, Jun-Kil The Korean Society of Limnology 2008 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.1
To evaluate the limitation for epiphytic and planktonic algal growth, acid extractable inorganic phosphorus (AP), implying the luxury uptake phosphorus, was measured in five reed zones of Lake Biwa. The AP in epiphytic substances was 0.7 to 1.4 mg P surface stem $m^{-2}$ in summer and 1.2 to 2.8 mg P $m^{-2}$ in winter. On the other hand, the amount in planktonic substances was 1.4 to 5.7 mg P m -3 and 0.8 to 5.4 mg P $m^{-3}$ in both seasons. Contribution of AP in the epiphytic and planktonic phosphorus was 23 to 31% and 8 to 27% in summer, and 17 to 22% and 9 to 17% in winter. It suggests that in summer both epiphytic and planktonic algae had been luxuriously taken up phosphate into cells. The weight ratios of C : N : P were averaged 79 : 20 : 1 for the epiphytic substances and 81 : 12 : 1 for the particulate substances. On the other hand, the ratios without the luxurious phosphorus were 93 : 24 : 1 and 103 : 15 : 1, showing much higher values than the Redfield ratio. High ratio in the epiphytic substances indicates that the phosphorus is the limiting parameter, rather than nitrogen, regulating the growth of epiphytic algal populations.