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( Frank D. Macchia ) 한세대학교 영산신학연구소 2013 영산신학저널 Vol.28 No.-
Reverend Cho’s pneumatology accents a theology of divine presence that anticipates in present experience the fulfillment of creation in the presence of God. The divine presence in Cho’s pneumatology causes all things to be transformed in the image of Christ. Through this accent on God’s transformative presence, Cho contributes his own unique voice to the larger Pentecostal tendency to focus attention on life in the presence of the Spirit. Pentecostal theology has traditionally emphasized the yielding of creation to the presence and power of the Holy Spirit. Cho’s theology of presence has the distinct advantage of being multidimensional or holistic rather than dualistic, since his pneumatological vision rejects the idea that body and soul are separate and inherently in conflict. Rather, for Cho, each dimension of human life (body, mind, spirit) involves and fulfills the other in the presence of the Spirit. Within this integral life in the Spirit, Cho highlights the responsibilities of envisioning or speaking in ways that are faithful to the Spirit, and he encourages those who do this to expect blessings or prosperity as a result in all dimensions of life. Yet, he does not deny that suffering may also have to be endured in order to serve a higher, spiritual purpose. The overall goal of the Spirit’s presence is the conformity of the creation to Christ’s image to the ultimate glory of God.
Erector spinae plane block in children: a narrative review
Lucente Monica,Ragonesi Giulia,Sanguigni Marco,Sbaraglia Fabio,Vergari Alessandro,Macchia Rosa La,Antonicelli Federica,Rossi Marco 대한마취통증의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.75 No.6
The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a novel technique used in both adult and pediatric patients. Its use in children has mostly been described in terms of perioperative pain management for various types of surgery. After its introduction, anesthesiologists began using ESPBs in various surgical settings. As adequate analgesia along with a low complication rate were reported, interest in this technique dramatically increased. Many studies in adults and children, including randomized controlled trials, have been published, resulting in the emergence of different clinical indications, with various technical and pharmacological approaches currently evident in the literature. This narrative review aims to analyze the current evidence in order to guide practitioners towards a more homogeneous approach to ESPBs in children, with a major focus on clinical applications. The ESPB is an efficient, safe, and relatively easy technique to administer. It can be applied in a wide range of surgeries, includes thoracic, abdominal, hip, and femur surgery. Its usefulness is evident in the context of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols and multimodal analgesia. Single-shot, intermittent bolus, and continuous infusion techniques have been described, and non-inferiority has been observed when compared with other locoregional techniques. Even though both the efficacy and safety of the procedure are widely accepted, current evidence is predominantly based on case reports, with very few well-designed observational studies. Consequently, the level of evidence is still poor, and more well-designed double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to refine the procedure for different clinical applications in the pediatric population.